Objective: To investigate the role of the recombinant S protein of SARS-CoV in the induction of chemokine IP-10 and other cytokines in airway epithelial cells and immunocytes. Methods: Using insect-baculovirus expression system and Nickel affinity Magnet Beads, S protein of SARS-CoV was produced and then used to stimulate cultured human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE), human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC), human peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages. The levels of IP-10 and the cytokines involved in immunoreaction in response to virus infection were detected in the supernatants of those cells cultured with the S protein by liquid chip system. Results: Under normal condition, no detectable IP-10 was found in 16HBE. A high level of IP-10(79.97? 13.81) pg/ml was detected in the 16HBE 12 hrs after being treated with the S protein, and the induction of IP-10 by S protein displayed at a significant quantity-effect reaction, but not in PBMC, monocytes and alveolar macrophages. In contrast, IFN-? was able to induce the production of IP-10 in either 16HBE or the immunocytes. Conclusion: 1.S protein of SARS-CoV can induce a high level of IP-10 in lung epithelial cells at early stage after the virus infection, which may initiate the process of the immune damage in the lung. 2. S protein of SARS-CoV induces the production of IP-10 by a way of IFN-? independent.

AIM: Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene 1(pdx-1) is a crucial transcription factor in pancreatic islet development and differentiation. This study was conducted to evaluate whether pdx-1 delivered by adeno-associated virus (AAV) could induce liver cells to differentiate into insulin-producing cells in diabetic rats and thus provide more information for cell replacement therapy for diabetes. METHODS: Recombinant AAV vector was employed to deliver pdx-1to STZ-induced diabetic rats via portal vein (4×1011). Blood glucose and body weight were monitored. Gene expression of pdx-1 and insulin were determined by RT-PCR and immunocytotochemistry (ICC) at the 6th week after the injection. RESULTS: AAV-pdx-1 group showed obvious gene expression of pdx-1 and insulin by RT-PCR analysis and the presence of more insulin-positive cells by ICC. Hyperglycemia was partially ameliorated and body weight was also increased in AAV-pdx-1 treated diabetic rats, though still significantly different from those in the non-diabetic group. CONCLUSION: The data indicate that AAV-pdx-1 can induce more rat liver cells into insulin-producing cells in vivo, thereby ameliorate hyperglycemia. Further experiments are needed to explore which subpopulation of liver cells responds to this development shift and the mechanism of this development shift induced by pdx-1 in order to improve the differentiation efficiency.

Nitrous oxide/oxygen is one of the inhaled anesthetics that receives attention by scholars at home and abroad for its unique characteristics of excellence comparing with intravenous sedation analgesia which is more commonly used. In addition, the nurses who are the main body personnels of the pain management have certain differences in the implementation of the nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation analgesia both at home and abroad. In this paper, the nitrous oxide/oxygen analgesia and sedation and its nursing implications were reviewed from the physical and chemical properties, pharmacokinetic characteristics, excellent properties, mechanism of action and clinical application, then development directions of management in the future are put forwarded so as to provide theoretical evidences and practical guidelines for domestic medical staffs cooperating to implement the technology.

Objective To investigate the value of multipoint and multidirectional ultrasound-guided fineneedle aspiration cytology (US-FNAC) in preoperative diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).Methods From Jan.2012 to Jan.2013,multipoint and multidirectional US-FNAC were performed in 177 patients with 233 nodules suspected as PTMC,and the cytopathological findings were compared with surgical pathological results and clinical follow-up results.Results Of the 233 biopsies,the cytology were classified as malignant for 146 lesions,suspicious for malignancy for 43 lesions,benign for 24 lesions,follicular lesions for 4 lesions and inadequate sample for 16 lesions.After the second multipoint and multidirectional US-FNAC,only 1 case did not have sufficient cells for diagnosis,and the puncture failure rate was 0.43％.Actually there were 189 malignant and 44 benign lesions confirmed by clinical follow-up and pathological results.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of multipoint and multidirectional US-FNAC was 99.5％,81.8％ and 96.1％ respectively.Conclusions Multipoint and multidirectional US-FNAC has definite value in increasing puncture qualified rate and positive diagnosis rate before operation.

Objective To analysis clinical effect of Diyu Shengbai tablets combined with granulocyte colony stimulating factor on cancer related fatigue syndrome.Methods II-VI primary cancer 60 patients from January 2011 to December 2013 were admitted to department of internal medicine, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University,and randomly divided into two groups.Control goup(n=30)were treated with granulocyte colony stimulating factor(G-CSF).Experimental group(n=30)were treated with Diyu Shengbai tablets and G-CSF.Results After chemotherapy, ratio of patients in the experimental group appeared fatigue syndrome and changes in leukocyte was significantly lower than that of control group, the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05 ) . Conclusion Diyu Shengbai tablets combined with G-CSF have better clinical efficacy for leukopenia caused by tumor chemotherapy, the symptom of fatigue also can improve significantly.

Objective To investigate the significance of optimization of bedside Gram staining of sputum smear in the early diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment for ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)patients. Methods The data of patients with VAP undergoing mechanical ventilation over 48 hours in the Department of Critical Care Medicine of Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital from June 2009 to June 2014 were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether or not bedside Gram staining of sputum smear was used or not. The sputum samples from lower respiratory tract of all VAP patients were collected daily with tracheal catheter. In empirical examination group(from June 2009 to December 2011,n=43),the patients received antibiotics at the time of onset of VAP, selection of antibiotics depended on the information of bacterial epidemiology of the intensive care unit(ICU),and also existence of high risk factors of multi-drug resistant bacteria. In target treatment group(from January 2012 to June 2014,n=43),the patients received antibiotics according to the results of bedside instant sputum smear examination and empirical antibiotic regime. The correlation between the results of sputum smear examination and culture result was analyzed. The levels of body temperature,white blood cell(WBC)count,procalcitonin(PCT)level,and high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)were measured on the 1st day and 3rd day. The length of antibiotics treatment, duration of mechanical ventilation,and the time of ICU stay were recorded for both groups. Results There were 512 qualified sputum specimens for culture,from which 336 pathogens were found,and 358 strains of pathogenic bacteria were found from microscopic examination of 512 qualified sputum smear. The coincidence rate of results of bedside examination of sputum smear and that of sputum culture was 78.32%(401/512). The diagnostic acumen of the former was 85.42%(287/336),specificity was 64.77%(114/176),positive predictive value was 80.17%(287/358),and negative predictive value was 74.03%(114/154). On the 1st day,no statistical differences in infection index between the two groups could be found,but on the 3rd day,the results were significantly improved in both groups. Compared with the empirical treatment group,the body temperature,WBC,PCT and hs-CRP in the target treatment group were significantly lower〔body temperature(℃):36.83±0.69 vs. 37.64±0.71,WBC(×109/L):7.91±2.75 vs. 9.66±3.39,PCT(μg/L):7.14±3.89 vs. 10.14±4.32,hs-CRP(mg/L):12.24±6.28 vs. 15.54±5.94,P<0.05 or P<0.01〕. Compared with the empirical treatment group,the time of antibiotics use(days:6.00±2.55 vs. 9.20±3.46), the duration of mechanical ventilation(days:5.00±1.73 vs. 7.00±1.94),and the length of ICU stay(days:7.43±1.72 vs. 12.57±4.16)were significantly shortened(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions The results of bedside sputum examination and sputum culture showed a good correlation,and the former is helpful in early diagnosis and treatment of VAP. The result of high quality sputum smear in significant in guiding the first choice of antibiotics,reduce the time of antibiotic use,shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation and the length of ICU stay,and improve the outcome of the patients.

Objective:To investigate the effect of dosages of propofol on pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction(HPV) reaction. Method:Isolated rat lungs were perfused with whole blood at the rate of flow 10ml/min and ventilated with air+4％CO_2(n=5) or 3％ O_2+4％CO_2+93％ N_2(mixed gas, n=11).PAP was measured continuously during the whole procedure. Result:PAP decreased significantly in air+4％ CO_2 ventilation following administralion of propofol 4 mg/kg,6 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg respectively.The varied degrees at 6 mg/kg and 8mg/kg were even more marked than that at 4mg/kg. When mixed gas was ventilated into lung, PAP increased from 1.60+0.23kPa to 2.384?0.31kPa to produce HPV,PAP decreased abruptly in HPV rats when administered 4mg/kg, 6mg/kg and 8mmg/kg propofol respectively and HPV reaction was inhibited by 47％, 867％and 71％ respectively,the inhibition extent was more at 6mg/kg or 8mg/kg than that at 4mg/kg. Conclusion:Propofol can decrease PAP and inhibite HPV in dose-dependent way.

BACKGROUND: Hyperuricemia (HUA), serving as a component of metabolic syndromes (MS), has a major regulatory role in inflammatory responses. However, the correlation between G-308A tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and MS is still controversial.OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation among G-308A TNF-α genotype distribution, TNF-α mRNA expression and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with HUA.DESrGN: Patients with HUA were selected as the subjects, while normal peoplewere taken as the controls.SETTING: Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.PARTICIPANTS: Subjects were selected from 5 003 people, including 188 patients with HUA and 51 healthy people.Patients with HUA included 40 patients with simple HUA, 42 patients with HUA and dyslipidemia, 80 patients with HUA and dyslipidemia and hypertension, and 26 patients with gout (administration of allopurinol was stopped at one week before the experiment).METHODS: TNF-α gene promoter G-308A genotype was determined by using PCR application followed by Nco/digestion.TNF-α mRNA expression was studied by RT-PCR with semi-quantitative analysis. Antibody sandwich method and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were adopted to determine the CRP concentration. And the serum uric acid was measured by uricase method, while the insulin resistance index (IRI) was evaluated with homeostasis model.MArN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test of genotypic frequency. ② Changes in distribution of G-308A TNF-α genotypes and TNF-α mRNA expression in patients with HUA. ③ Changes in TNF-α mRNA expression and other parameters in G-308A TNF-α AA+GA and GG groups. ④ Multiple stepwise regression analysis.RESULTS: A total of 188 patients and 51 normal people were involved in the analysis of results. ① G-308A TNF-α genotypes distribution in 239 enrolled subjects accorded with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. ② AA+GA was compared with GG due to lower frequency of AA in population. The results revealed the HUA with dyslipidemia and hypertension group displayed a greater prevalence in G-308A TNF-α AA+GA genotype (30%) than that in the control group (12%) (P ＜ 0.05),while there were no significant differences among other groups. ③ TNF-α mRNA expression and CRP concentration were the highest in the gout group, and HUA accompanied by dyslipidemia and hypertension group listed the second,and then was the HUA and dyslipidemia group, while simple HUA group listed the last, all of which were higher than those in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). TNF-α mRNA expression in HUA accompanied by dyslipidemia and hypertension group, gout group was higher than that in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). The WHR, SBP, DBP,serum uric acid, triglycerides, TNF-α mRNA expression and CRP concentration in AA+GA group were remarkably higher than those in the GG group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). ④ After adjustment of age, gender, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure,fasting blood glucose, and multiple variable linear stepwise regression showed that triglycerides, uric acid, TNF-α 308 A carrier were related with quantityof TNF-α mRNA expression. Meanwhile, the uric acid concentration, WHR and the quantity expression of TNF-α were significantly in positive association with CRP concentration.CONCLUSTON:The genotype of TNF-α 308 A carriers is associated with TNF-α expression and plasma CRP levels in HUA patients.

Objective To assess the efficacy of early detection of breast cancer and the prognostic value of breast self-examination(BSE).Methods Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)involving BSE were included the present meta-analysis based on their qualities.The pooled analysis was performed with RevMany 4.2.8.Results Three RCTs were identified and then they were included the present metaanalysis.In women who conducted a BSE.the rate of biopsy fora lump in breast was 1.27%in the first 5 years,2.47%in more than 5 years but less than or equal to 10 years,and 2.50%in more than 10 years, respectively,all of which were significantly higher than in those who could not conduct a BSE(P<0.05) There was no significant difierence in the rate of final diagnosis and the mortality for breast cancer between the two populations in any follow-up time(P>0.05).Conclusion The rate of biopsy for a lump in breast in women could be increased by a BSE.which should not have been discarded from the early detection of breast cancer completely despite it is not helpful in increasing the rate of final diagnosis and decreasing the mortality for breast cancer.

AIM: To investigate the molecular mechanism by which the SARS-CoV S protein induces chemokine IP-10 in airway epithelial cells.METHODS: cDNA microarrays were used to screen the gene expression profiles of human bronchial epithelial cells(16HBEs) stimulated by SARS-CoV S protein.In addition,RT-PCR,EMSA,and Western blotting were performed to analyze the phosphorylation of JAK/STAT signal pathway.The changes of IRF-1 and IP10 gene expression and the influence by the corresponding inhibitors were analyzed.RESULTS: IRF-1,a key transcription factor of the JAK/STAT signal pathway,was activated in human bronchial epithelial cells after stimulation by the S protein of SARS-CoV.The IP-10 gene expression was detected 2 h following the phosphorylation of STAT1 after 15 min,which was blocked by STAT1or JAK2 inhibitors.Electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA) demonstrated that the nuclear proteins bound to ISRE and GAS but not NF-?B DNA motif.CONCLUSION: The SARS-CoV S protein induces IP-10 gene expression in human bronchial epithelial cells through activation of the JAK/STAT signal pathway,suggesting that the JAK/STAT signal pathway activated by virus plays key roles in virus infection related acute lung injury.