For different individuals with diabetes,blood glucose control varies.In the blood glucose controlling,blood glucose levels are sometimes higher than the target,sometimes the diabetic patients may develop hypoglycemia.In insulin therapy for blood glucose fluctuations,the most important thing is to avoid hypoglycemia.Finding out regular patterns of blood glucose fluctuations,then according to that,we need to choose the right insulin preparations to treat the condition.For the patients with irregular fluctuations of blood glucose,insulin pump therapy should be a proper choice.

The apparatus for intrinsic dissolution test recorded in United States Pharmacopeia (USP) integrating with fiber-optic drug dissolution test system (FODT) were used to real-time monitor intrinsic dissolution processes of alliin in four media which were water, solution of HCl with pH 1.2, buffer solution of acetate with pH 4.5, and buffer solution of phosphate with pH 6.8. The intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) and the similarity factor (f2) of two intrinsic dissolution curves with two apparatuses were calculated. The IDR values of alliin with rotating disk system were 28.1.3, 33.55, 28.38 and 30.95 mg x cm(-2) x min(-1) in four media, respectively. And the IDR values of alliin with stationary disk system were 44.16, 47.07, 45.11 and 51.34 mg x cm(-2) x min(-1), respectively. The similarity factors were 56.42, 50.75, 40.30 and 40.64, respectively. The results showed that the intrinsic alliin dissolution rates were much greater than 1 mg x cm(-2) x min(-1). It inferred that alliin dissolution would not be the rate limiting step to absorption.

Humans ; Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Molecular Targeted Therapy

Objective: To study the effects of antisense epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) cDNA transfection on telomerase activity and telomere length of glioblastomas U87MG cells and the mechanism. Methods: Glioblastoma U87MG cells, which over-expressed EGFR, were transfected with antisense-EGFR cDNA constructs. Several clones stably expressing lower or undetectable levels of EGFR protein were obtained. The effect of antisense-EGFR cDNA on telomerase activity was assessed by Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP) assay. The effect of antisense- EGFR cDNA on telomere length was determined by Southern blot hybridization. The mRNA expressions of hTERT, hTEP1 and c-myc were analyzed by semi-quantitative PCR. Results: U87MG cells that were transfected with antisense-EGFR cDNA expressed lower level of EGFR and were less responsive to the growth stimulation of EGF compared with the control cells. Telomerase activity was significantly decreased in the antisense-EGFR clones. Telomere length was shortened. The mRNA expression of hTERT was slightly decreased in the antisense-EGFR clones, whereas the expressions of hTEP1 and c-myc were not altered. Conclusion: Antisense-EGFR cDNA transfection can sufficiently inhibit EGFR signal transduction pathway, decrease telomerase activity and shorten telomere length, which may be a new mechanism of antisense-EGFR approach in tumor suppression. The down-regulation of hTERT mRNA may contribute to the decreased telomerase activity in the antisense-EGFR clones.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of plaque morphology of the patients with unstable angina(UA)by intravascular ultrasound(IVUS). Methods24 patients with stable angina pectoris(SA)and 33 patients with unstable angina(UA)were examined by coronary coronary arteriograph(CAG)and intravascular ultrasound(IVUS).The culprit lesions about the characteristic of the plaque were studied,the external elastic membrane cross-sectional area and lumen cross-sectional area were measured,the plaque area,plaque burden,eccentricity index were calculated,and the remodeling index was examined. ResultsExternal elastic membrane area,plaque area and vascular remodeling ratio were significantly greater at target lesions in UA patients than in patients with SA(P＜0.05).Positive remodeling and soft plaque were predominantly in UA patients(P＜0.05). ConclusionThe morphological features of coronary artery plaques in UA group were significantly different from those in SA group.More soft plaque,plaque rupture,thrombus formation,and positive remodeling were found in UA patients compared with SA patients.

High extracellular potassium can induce spreading depression-like depolarizations, elevations of extracellular glutamate and even neuronal death in normal brain. To investigate the contribution of high potassium in vivo, a microelectrode arrays ( MEAs ) probe integrated with recording sites for glutamate concentration (50í150 μm) and local field potential ( LFP) ( diameter=15 μm) was fabricated by Micro-electro-mechanical-systems ( MEMS) technologies. We implanted the MEA probe acutely in the rat brain and exposed the brain to a high potassium solution. During these multi-modal recordings, it was observed that high potassium elevated extracellular glutamate while suppressing the LFP irreversibly. This is one of the first studies in which a dual mode MEA probes is applied in vivo for neuronal death, and it is concluded that our MEA probes are capable of examining specific spatiotemporal relationships between electrical and chemical signaling in the brain.

A dual-mode recording system used for synchronous detection of neuroeletrical and neurochemical signals was developed, and a dual-mode synchronous detection experiment was carried out using the instrument. The device comprised 64-channel neuroelectricity recording module with voltage resolution of 0. 3 μV and 4-channel neurochemistry recording module with current resolution of 1 pA. The software had many basic features, including Spike separation and sort, chronoamperometry, cyclic voltammetry, etc. In particular, the software could observe and analyze the dual-mode neural signals synchronously. The performance of the system was demonstrated in the single mode detection experiments. In neuroeletrical experiments, 64-channel simulate neural signals were detected and the signal to noise ratio ( S/N) of Spike recorded from cortex of Sprague-Dawley ( SD ) rat was 6. In the K3 [ Fe ( CN )6 ] and ascorbic acid measurement experiments, the current response of K3 [ Fe ( CN)6 ] in the range of 0. 1-10 mmol/L was obtained by cyclic voltammetry, with a correlation coefficient of 0. 9889, and the current response of ascorbic acid ( concentration:10-800 μmol/L) by chronoamperometry increased linearly with a correlation coefficient of 0. 9841. Based on the rat model of global cerebral ischemia, a dual-mode detection experiment was carried out. In the experiment, the neuroelectrical and neurochemical signals were synchronously recorded in the SD rat primary visual cortex. According to the experimental results, we got the conclusion that the concentration of ascorbic acid negatively related to the Spike firing in the SD rat primary visual cortex.

Objective To establish a method of simultaneously quantitative analysis for multi-components by single marker( QAMS)of galuteolin,apigenin-7-glucoside,7-methoxycoumarin,luteolin and apigenin in two species of Chamomiles from Xinjiang. Methods By using apigenin as the internal standard,the relative correction factors( RCF)of galuteolin,apigenin-7-glucoside,7-methoxycoumarin and luteolin were set and determined by UPLC. The contents of galuteolin,apigenin-7-glucoside,7-methoxycoumarin,luteolin and apigenin in 11 samples of Chamomiles were authentically determined by the external standard method,to verify the accuracy of QAMS. Results There is a good linear relationship within the range of standard curve for five compounds by the external standard method(r〉0. 999 3);the average recovery was 99. 7%,97. 5,98. 8%,100. 9%,99. 1%,for galuteolin,apigenin-7-glucoside,7-methoxycoumarin,luteolin and apigenin,respectively,with RSD as 1. 8%,0. 6%,0. 5%, 1. 8% and 1. 9%,respectively. The RCF for pigenin-7-glucoside,galuteolin,7-methoxycoumarin and luteolin to apigenin was 1. 441,2. 308,1. 117,1. 490,respectively,with RSD as 0. 07%,0. 04%,0. 09% and 0. 18%,respectively. No significant difference between the quantitative results by QAMS and external standard method was observed. Conclusion It is practical to determine content of galuteolin,apigenin-7-glucoside,7-methoxycoumarin,luteolin with RCF and apigenin by using external standard method,for the deficiency and expensive of the standard reference.

Background and purpose: Breast cancer is a group of heterogeneous diseases which has racial disparities. Our study was to elucidate the clinicopathologic features of breast carcinoma in Shanghai Han and Xinjiang Uygur women and to analyze the racial differences. Methods: In this study, 125 cases of breast invasive ductal carcinoma of Shanghai Han women and 85 cases of Xinjiang Uygur women were collected. The clinical stage was analyzed. Histological grading was observed. Immunohistochemical staining of ER, PR, HER-2, CK5/6, CK14, EGFR, Ki-67 was performed. Molecular subtypes were studied. Results:The average age of onset of breast cancer in Xinjiang Uygur women was younger than in Shanghai Han women (P<0.05), and Xinjiang Uygur women were more likely to be diagnosed at less than 35 years old (P<0.01). The proportion of stageⅠwas higher in Shanghai Han women (20.0%vs 8.2%), while the proportion of stageⅢwas higher in Xinjiang Uygur women (50.6%vs 27.2%) (P<0.01). The proportion of grade 2 was higher in Shanghai Han women (67.2% vs 43.5%), while the proportion of grade 3 was higher in Xinjiang Uygur women (47.1%vs 31.2%) (P<0.01). The proportion of luminal A subtype was higher in Shanghai Han women (36.8%vs 18.3%), while the proportion of basal-like subtype was higher in Xinjiang Uygur women (29.6%vs 12.0%) (P<0.01). The molecular subtype was associated with race and histological grade (P<0.05).Conclusion:There are racial differences in clinicopathologic features of breast carcinoma between Shanghai Han and Xinjiang Uygur women.

Peking University Third Hospital is one of the first hospitals for experiments in clinical pathway selected by the Ministry of Health,which keeps optimizing the clinical pathway management mechanism and function of information system in its 4-year practice.This article described the combination strategy of clinical pathway management and information system applications,in terms of reasonable design of the management plan,standardized clinical pathway,strengthened execution control and improvement of the quality control.The purpose is to balance the relationship between clinical pathway management norms and user-friendliness of the system,enhance rationality and feasibility,improve efficiency and provide high-quality service to ensure medical safety.