In order to favor the growth and development of the fetus,the maternal-placental-fetal unit is characterized by profound physiologic changes.These adaptations may affect maternal and fetal absorption,distribution,placental transfer,metabolism and excretion of drugs.When evaluating drug use in pregnancy,understanding both pregnancy physiology and the gestation-specific pharmacokinetics of different drugs is necessary to achieve effective treatment and limit maternal and fetal risk.This topic will focus on the pharmacokinetics and safety of drugs during pregnancy in light of changes in maternal physiology and function of placental.

Objective To observe the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II (LC3II) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) in CA1 area of hippocampus in vascular dementia rats. Methods 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group and model group. Meanwhile, each group was further divided into 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks subgroups (n=6). Vascular dementia model was established by blocking four vessels. The expressions of LC3II and MAP-2 protein were detected with immunohistochemistry in the CA1 area of hippocampus. Results The expression of LC3II significantly increased, and the expression of MAP-2 decreased in the model group compared with the sham group at every time point (P<0.001). The expression of LC3II was negatively correlated with MAP-2 at every time point in the model group (r=-0.723, P<0.05). Conclusion It may play an important role for the occurrence and development of vascular dementia that the expression of LC3II increased and MAP-2 descreased in CA1 area of hippocampus in rats.

China ; Humans ; Pathology ; trends

Objective To investigate the characteristic changes of the metabolism products in the auditory cortex (transverse temporal gyrus)in patients with metabolic syndrome combined with sensorineural deafness using 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS),and to find out the early warning indicators of sensorineural deafness in patients with metabolic syndrome.Methods The pure tone audiometry (PTA)was performed in 142 pa-tients with metabolic syndrome (diagnosed by endocrinology department),and 15 healthy subjects as the control group.The patients were divided into four groups:the metabolic syndrome group;the metabolic syndrome group with unilateral,the bilateral deafness group,and the control group.Cerebral metabolism was studied by assessing the ratios of nitro-acetyl aspartate contrast to choline (NAA/Cho)as well as to creatine (NAA/Cr),myo-inosi-tol to creatine (mI/Cr)and choline to creatine (Cho/Cr)ratios in the auditory cortical separately in these groups. ROC curves were made for those metabolism markers to find the best diagnostic threshold.Results Significantly lower values of NAA/Cho ratio and higher values of Cho/Cr were observed in metabolic syndrome in the control group (P<0.05),Cho/Cr higher than those (P<0.05).NAA/Cho ratios in the injured and uninjured auditory cortex of MS with unilateral deafness were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).A self-comparison was made between the inj ured and uninj ured auditory cortex,the result showed that NAA/Cho ratio had significant differences.All of the metabolisms were tested by the curve of ROC.The area of NAA/Cho under the ROC curve was 81%,which had a higher accuracy.NAA/Cho equating to 1 .82 could be used as the boundary indi-cators between metabolic syndrome without deafness and with deafness groups.The areas of the other indicators un-der the ROC curve were <50%.Conclusion NAA/Cho may be the early warning marker of sensorineural deafness in patients with metabolic syndrome.

AIM:To explore the effects of galangal (Alpinia officinarum Hance) extract on learning ability and memory consolidation and clearance of the free radical in mice. METHODS:Ninety mice receiving sodium nitrite to form the dysmnesic model ones,which were used to observe the walking behaviours in Morris water maze under the administration of galangal extact. SOD activity and the MDA content were measured with colorimetry,The morphological change in hippocampus slices were assessed using H-E staining and microscopic examination. RESULTS:To compare with the model group,the escape latency was markedly shortened(P

The magnetic nanoparticle probe was prepared by specifically connecting the streptavidin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles and the antibody of analyte via the strong streptavidin-biotin interaction. Based on the magnetic nanoparticle probes, the concentration of human chorionicgonadotropin (HCG) was detected and a new CL method for of hormone was further established. The performances of the magnetic nanoparticle probes were characterized by UV-Vis spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The experimental conditions that affected the chemiluminescence were optimized. The optimal concentrations of luminal and H_2O_2 were 2×10~(-4) mol/L and 8×10~(-4) mol/L, respectively, and optimal pH was 13. Under the optimized experiment conditions, a linear response of chemiluminescence intensity to HCG concentration was obtained with a correlation coefficients of 0.9924. The linear range was from 0.5 to 250 μg/L and wider than the conventional ELISA method (5-200 μg/L). The relative standard deviation was 3.8%. Correlation analysis showed that there was significant correlation between the method of magnetic nanoparticle probes and ELISA in 34 clinical samples. The proposed method with characters of sensitive, effective, fast response and wide detection range provided good application prospect in analysis of other ultra-micro protein.

A highly sensitive magnetic enzymE-linked chemiluminescent immunoassay method was developed for the detection of human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG). The monoclonal antibody was covalently coupled on the surface of carboxylated magnetic beads to generate magnetic-biotargeting; Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) was utilized as a labeled reagent of another monoclonal antibody, whereas 3-(2-spimadamantane) 4-methoxy-4-(3-phosphoryloxy)phenyl-1,2-dioxetane(AMPPD) was utilized as the chemiluminescent substrate. Based on this concept, a highly sensitive chemiluminescent immunoassay method was established to test HCG. Then, several modifications were made to optimize the method, and the detection sensitivity and procedure were improved accordingly. The detection of the assay could be fulfilled within 60 min and the test result of HCG concentration was linear over the range of 0.15 150 IU/L with good relativity(r=0.960). The relative standard deviation(RSD) were below 5% and the sensitivity of this method was 0.15 IU/L. The proposed method with wide linear range, simple operation and fast detection showed good prospect in practical application on-site.

Several key problems were analysed for the transdermal noninvasive glucose monitoring. A modified calibration equation was proposed for the high-sensitivity glucose biosensor due to its narrow linear range. The new equation has increased the sensors' linear range by 20 times. A new diffuse model was constructed for the electrode system of glucose sensor,aiming at the unique "finite space" electrochemical problem in trans-dermal technique. In addition,electrode masks were utilized to solve the problem of electrode loss in longtime glucose monitoring. In animal in-vivo experiments,70.1 % of the noninvasive glucose data points were clinically accurate,while the remains were clinically acceptable. All solutions mentioned above were based on both theoretical analysis and experimental validation,promoting the realization and optimization of transdermal noninvasive glucose monitoring techniques.

Accidents, Occupational ; prevention & control ; Industry ; organization & administration ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration

The nano-structure TiN was modified on the laboratory self-made planar microelectrode array pMEA by magnetron sputtering method. The performance of modified pMEA was investigated. Research on neuroelectrical and neurochemical recording was studied in vitro. The impedance of the modified pMEA was decreased almost one order of magnitude, and the background noise level was reduced to ±6 μV. In the same testing environment, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of modified electrodes was 1. 7 times of bare electrodes. The SNR of neuroelectrical recording on the brain slice of SD rats reached 10:1 , and the weak signal such as ±12 μV was separated easily. For neuroelectrical recordings, the detection limit of dopamine ( DA) solution reached 50 nmol/L with the 2:1 (S/N). During the concentration range of 0. 05-100 μmol/L, the linearly correlation coefficient of the DA oxidation currents was 0 . 998 . The modification of nano-structure TiN on pMEA reduced pMEA impedance and background noise level, meanwhile the SNR was increased. The weak signals of neuroelectrical and neurochemical recording were successfully recorded.