In recent years, interventional radiology has effectively solved lots of difficult clinical problems related to airway disorders, and has rapidly developed with the technique being widely practiced in the clinical work. However, the complications caused by airway stent have occurred more and more common, one reason for it is that there are few necessary fundamental studies in animal model. The paper aims to summarize the current situation and progress in animal experiment with regard to airway stent both at home and abroad in order to lay a foundation for promoting relevant basic researches.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanisms of the effects of Runing Recipe in anti-invasion and anti-recurrence of breast cancer by experimental research in vitro. METHODS: SD female rats were randomly divided into Runing Recipe-treated group and its decomposed formulas Kidney-Warming Recipe and Liver-Soothing Recipe-treated groups, tamoxifen (TAM) -treated group, cyclophosphamide (CTX) -treated group, and normal control group to make medicated serums. Methods of matrigel basement membrane and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were employed to investigate the gene expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) after MDA-MB-435 cells were treated with the medicated serums. RESULTS: The gene expression of VEGF was dropped in CTX-treated, TAM-treated and Liver-Smoothing Recipe-treated groups. The gene expression of TIMP-1 was up-regulated in CTX-treated, Runing Recipe-treated and Kidney-Warming Recipe-treated groups; while MMP-9 was down-regulated in these groups. CONCLUSION: The mechanisms of Runing Recipe in inhibiting the cancer cell invasion may be related to down-regulating the gene expressions of VEGF and MMP-9, and up-regulating the gene expression of TIMP-1.

Objective:To summarize the morphological characteristics and clinical experience of pulmonary artery sling(PAS) combined with anomalous bronchial branching, and provide new considerations for surgically treating PAS.Methods:A retrospective review of surgical experience of all patients with anomalous bronchial branching from January 2012 to December 2018 at Shanghai Children's Medical Center was conducted. There are 4 types according to the morphology of anomalous bronchial branching: tracheal bronchus, bronchial trifurcation, bridging bronchus, tracheal bronchus combined with bronchial trifurcation. The proportion of patients with anomalous bronchial branching combined with PAS was counted. The rate of tracheoplasty for four types was determined. We measured the interbronchial and subcarinal/subpseudocarinal angles before and after tracheoplasty.Results:140 patients were included in our study. The tracheal diameter of 11(21%, 11/53) patients with tracheal bronchus and 4(9%, 4/44) patients with bronchial trifurcation was normal. Among these patients, 125 patients had congenital tracheal stenosis(CTS). 115 patients underwent tracheoplasty. The rate of tracheoplasty of bridging bronchus was higher than tracheal bronchus(100% vs. 60%, P=0.000). One-stage surgery was performed in 76(61%) patients who had PAS. The interbronchial and subcarinal/subpseudocarinal angles were significantly reduced postoperatively( P=0.000). Conclusion:It is difficult to explain merely with vascular compression in patients with PAS with CTS and anomalous bronchial branching. One-stage slide tracheoplasty is currently the optimal option.

Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) ,named JZ1202 ,was isolated from domesticated boar in Henan ,China . We performed the full-length genome sequencing and molecular characteristic analysis of the isolated strain .Results showed that the full-genome sequence of EMCV JZ1202 generated a sequence of 7 735 bp in length ,and had 81 .2%-99 .9% nucleotide identity with other reference strains from different animals ,but 99 .4% with Chinese reference from pig .The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the full-length genome;ORF and VP1 gene sequences identified EMCV was divided into G1 ,G2 and G3 groups ;the strain JZ1202 belongs to G1 with other Chinese reference strains .Results identified that the EMCV infection could cause severe clinical symptoms in domesticated boar .Big regional differences exist in EMCV and the transmission is limit-ed in a range of area .However ,cross infection and prevalence of EMCV disease between domesticated boar and mice might ex-ist .Mutation of some amino acid may occurred in EMCV infected domesticated boar .

BACKGROUND: Ossification of intervertebral disc, and ossification of spinal ligament and fibrous tissues are still uncertain.OBJECTIVE: To observe osteogenic potential of fibrous ring in the cervical intervertebral disc during bone fusion.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The comparative observation was performed at the Experimental Animal Center of Second Military Medical University and Shanghai Institute of Orthopedics in October 2006.MATERIALS: Ten healthy goats, including 6 males and 4 females; titanium alloy cervical hollow threaded columnar internal fixator (CHTF) for goat, simulated human used internal fixator by Kanghui Medical Innovation Co., Ltd., Changzhou.METHODS: Every goat underwent conventional anterior cervical decompression and internal fixation. Two adjacent intervertebral spaces among C2-6 were selected and implanted with 2 CHTFs for each space. Of the 4 CHTFs, 3 were filled with cancellous bone alone, cancellous bone plus fibrous ring, and fibrous ring alone, respectively; the other one filled with nothing served as blank control.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Implant location and fusion condition on anteroposterior and lateral radiographs and CT plain scanning at 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively; bone graft fusion and regional tissue reaction by histology.RESULTS: Radiographs and CT showed that CHTF was in the position during the whole experimental procedure with no loosening, displacement or dislocation. At 6 weeks, bone tissue was found surrounding CHTF and the vertebral body, and bone bridge formed in the connection site of CHTF and the vertebral body. New cartilage and bone trabecula formation were found in the CHTF filled with cancellous bone alone, accompanied by necrotic original bone graft; in the CHTF filled with cancellous bone and fibrous ring, necrotic fibrous tissue and newly formed cartilage accumulation surrounding original bone trabecula and fibrous ring were found; 6 weeks after surgery, there were fibrocartilage in fibrous tissue of CHTF filled with fibrous ring alone, and at 12 weeks postoperatively, newly formed cartilage was observed. In blank control group, only few newly formed cartilages were found at 12 weeks postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Enchondral ossification of fibroblast may be the osteogenic pattern of fibrous ring of cervical intervertebral disc.

Objective To investigate the relationship of serum adiponectin (APN) with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and carotid athcrosclerosis (AS),and to observe the change of serum adiponectin levels in patients with hypertension and obesity.Methods Patients with essential hypertension (50 cases) were divided into simple hypertension group (23 cases) and hypertension with obesity group(27 cases),and 45 normotensives were divided into control group (24 cases) and simple obesity group (21 cases).The levels of serum adiponectin were determined by enzyme immunoassay.Common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT),carotid artery diameter (CADIA) and left ventricular relevant index were measured by color doppler ultrasonography,and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated.Results In control group,simple obesity group,simple hypertension group and hypertension with obesity group,serum APN levels were decreased by turn,CADIA reduced gradually,LVMI values were increased by turn,CCA-IMT values were increased gradually (F=28.34,10.26,36.52,14.73,all P＜0.01).Correlation analysis showed that serum APN levels were significantly negatively correlated with LVMI and CCA-IMT(r=-0.870,-0.710,both P＜0.01),and were positively related with CADIA (r=0.742,P＜0.00).APN,SBP and BMI were the main influencing factors on left ventricular hypertrophy (β =-0.909,0.126,-0.053).Conclusions The presence of both hypertension and obesity may play a synergistic role in accelerating the process of left ventricular hypertrophy and atherosclerosis.Lower APN levels and/or rising BMI may accelerate occurrence and development of LVH and AS in aged patients with hypertension and obesity.

Objective To review the relevant causes for and treatment of nerve injuries in the anterior cervical surgery. Methods From January 2008 to December 2009,859 cages of cervical spondylosis,ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament and cervical spine trauma were treated by anterior cervical surgery.This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of seven cases who were with worsened symptoms of spinal cord injury and related nerve injury. Results Of 859 cases,five cases(0.58%)were with spinal cord injury,one(0.12%)with recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and one (0.12%)with laryngeal nerve injury.Hematoma occurred in four cases after surgery caused spinal cord injury and all the four patients recovered to normal after removal of the hematoma and timely treatment with mythylprednisolone and hyperbaric oxygen.Cervical spine trauma was worsened in one patient after the anterior cervical surgery.The patient restored to its original level of spinal cord gradually through some measures such as tracheotomy,ventilator support,hormone therapy and hyperbaric oxygen treatment.Laryngeal nerve injuries in two cases recovered to normal after conservative treatment with hormone,dehydration and other drugs within three months after surgery. Conclusions Anterior cervical surgery of cervical spondylosis,ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament and cervical spine trauma are likely to induce the related nerve damage.The good prognosis can be obtained under timely prevention and treatment.

Objective To summarize the clinical results of posterior fusion plus pedicle screw fixation in treatment of dens fracture combined with recoverable atlantoaxial dislocation. Methods Twenty-seven patients with dens fractures combined with recoverable atlantoaxial dislocation were treated with posterior pedicle screw fixation, reduction and fusion. In this series of patients, skull traction was made to restore the normal atlantoaxial joint before the operation. Results Atlantoaxial alignment or stability were restored, without complication due to instrumentation. A follow-up for 12-48 months (average 24 months) showed osseous union. Conclusion Posterior aflantoaxial pedicle screw and rod fixation provides immediate three-dimensional rigid fixation of aflantoaxial joint and is a more effective technique compared with previously reported techniques.

Objective To investigate the optimal window width and window level for measuring the airway dimensions with spiral CT scan in Japanese white big-ear rabbits so as to lay the foundation for airway stenting in animal experiments. Methods Multi-slice spiral CT scanning of cervico-thoracic region was performed in 30 healthy adult Japanese white big-ear rabbits, the anteroposterior and transversal diameter of the thoracic trachea, the anteroposterior diameter of the right and left bronchus were measured with lung window, mediastinum window and special fat window separately. The revealing rate of the tracheal wall and the measuring results in different windows and levels were recorded and compared with the anatomical data. The differences of the relevant data were statistically analyzed. Results With lung window, the tracheal wall was well demonstrated, but the relevant data were smaller than that with mediastinum window. With mediastinum window, the data were bigger and the tracheal wall border appeared blurred. The results obtained with fat window were close to the actual anatomical data. Conclusion For accurately measuring the anteroposterior and transversal diameter of the thoracic trachea in Japanese white big-ear rabbits with multi-slice spiral CT scan, fat window should be adopted, which is helpful for the preparation of tracheal and bronchial stents.

Objective To explore risk factors of cardiac surgery in neonates with low body weight.Methods Retrospective analysis was made in neonates weighing less than 3 kg at surgery(n =192;group 1) and 3 to 6 kg(n =517;group 2),who had undergone open cardiac repairs from January 2006 to December 2015 at our institution.Patients were grouped according to the primary procedure performed and analyzed according to their weight at the time of surgical intervention.Patients were also analyzed according to preoperative risk scores.Univariate versus multivariate risk analysis was performed.Results Hospital early mortality in group 1 was 25.0％ (n =48) versus 14.5 ％ (n =75) in group 2 (P =0.001).Compared with group 2,neonates in group 1 had a significantly higher mortality for simple arterial switch procedure.Lower body weight remained strongly associated with mortality risk after stratifying the population by preoperative risk scores category levels 2.Within group 1,age,weight at surgery,preoperative risk score and type of procedure were not associated with significant differences in early mortality.Cardio-pulmonary bypass time,aortic cross-clamp time and the presence of a surgical complication were independent risk factors for early mortality in group 1.Conclusion Among neonates weighing less than 3.0kg who underwent open cardiac surgery,perioperative hemodynamic status,reflected by bypass time,cross-clamp time,and surgical complications,strongly influenced early mortality.In contrast,low body weight itself was not associated with early mortality.