Objective To evaluate the result of autologous vein graft used as a conduit for repairing the iatrogenic recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN) deficit.Methods Iatrogenic RLN deficit was repaired by using antogeneous vein graft as a conduit in 17 patients. RLN deficit occurred in right side in 5 cases, in left side in 12. Results The RLN injuries were located within 2 cm below the point of RLN entering throat in 16 cases(94 1%), near the inferior thyroid artery in 1(5 9%). The length of RLN deficit was between 0 5～4 cm. Among the 17 cases, 16(94 1%) were followed up for more than 1 5 years. Of them, normal phonation was achieved in 12 cases(75 0%), significantly improved in 3(18 8%) and slightly improved in 1(6 2%).Among the 15 cases who received indirect or direct laryngoscopy, the affected vocal cord movement entirely recovered in 4 cases(26 7%), partially recovered in 3(20 0%), unchanged in 8(53 3%) Conclusions Autogeneous vein graft is ideal for repairing RLN deficit.

Objective To study the approach to improving the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer(TC). Methods Problems regarding to the diagnosis and treatment of TC had arisen based on the combination of auther's clinical experience and recent literatures review. Results and Conclusions (1) In the diagnosis of TC, attention should be paid to the following conditions: cystocarcinoma, multicentral cancer, bilateral TC, coexist of benign thyroid diseases with TC, and the microcancer of thyroid etc. (2) Biopsy should be done during and after operation for the thyroid nodule needed to be operated, to avoid misdiagnosis of TC. (3) Except undifferentiated carcinoma, the choice of treatment of TC is surgery. The choice of operative procedure should be according to the pathological type and clinical stage of TC, and patient's condition. (4) Thyroid hormone suppression therapy should be administrated after operation. (5) Posterative radiotherapy can promote the long term survival rate. (6) Reoperation should be performed immediately, if the thyroid nodule is TC and comfired by pathological examination posteratively, and a subtotal thyroidectomy or nodule local resection performed on for that nodule initially, to avoid the residual cancer and cancer recurrence in the residual thyroid tissues.

Objective To study the influence of pcDNA3.1-RhoC on the expression of endogenous angiogenic factors in HCC cells.Methods The reconstructed plasmid pcDNA3.1-RhoC was transfected into HepG2 cells, and expression of VEGF and bFGF was detected with the RT-PCR and immunohistochemical stain. HepG2 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-RhoC or pcDNA3.1 were implanted into nude mice to observe the tumor occurrence rate.Results HepG2 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1/RhoC showed higher expression of RhoC . The expression of RhoC enhanced the expression of VEGF and bFGF(P

Objective To investigate Caspase 3 activity in the ischemia reperfusion injury in rats and the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning and its possible mechanism.Methods 30 rats were randomly assigned to ischemia reperfusion (IR) group, ischemic preconditioning(IP) group,sham-operation(S)group.The serum aspartate transaminase (AST),alanine transaminase(ALT),liver caspase 3 activity,and apoptosis index(AI) of hepatocytes were examined in the three groups at 3 hours after repersusion.Results The serum AST,ALT,liver caspase 3 activity and apoptotic hepatocytes were significantly higher in both IP and IR groups than those in S group(P

Objective To explore the expression of apoptosis regulating genes C jun and bcl X L after normothermic liver ischemic preconditioning and its clinical significance. Methods 16 cases of liver cancer were randomly divided into ischemic reperfusion(IR) group and ischemic preconditioning (IP) group (8 cases in each). The samples of venous blood were drawn before IR or IP procedure and 30 minute after reperfusion for testing ALT, AST and LDH. Meanwhile, samples of liver tissue were taken for study of hepatocellular apoptosis, expressions of C-jun mRNA、 Bcl-X L mRNA and PCNA and morphologic changes. Results The levels of ALT、 AST、 LDH and AI in IR group were significantly higher than those in IP group (P

Objective To investigate the influence of bile duct ligation ( BDL ) on macrophage ( M ) activity and bacterial translocation in mice . Methods After 7 days of BDL , the levels of serum total bilirubin(TB) , albumin(Alb) , glutamic - oxaloacetic transaminase(AST) , creatinine(Cr) , alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and nitrogen oxide(NO) producted by peritoneal macrophages were measured . The mesenteric lymph nodes were cultured for bacteria . The liver and kidney tissues were histopathologically examined. Results The levels of serum iTB,AST,AKP in BDL group were significantly higher than those in control group(P

Objective To determine the effect of caspase 9 in the apoptosis of hepatoma cells induced by flurouracil , and to investigate the activity alteration and proteolytic cleavage of caspase 9. Methods The human hepatoma HepG2 cells were treated with flurouracil for 2,4,8,16,24h respectively. The caspase 9 activity was detected using caspase 9 Fluorescent Assay Kit.Proteolytic cleavage of caspase 9 was analyzed by Western blot.The apoptotic rates of HepG2 cells induced by flurouracil with or without caspase 9 inhibitor treatment were measured by flow cytometry. Results Four hours after being treated with flurouracil, the caspase 9 activity in HepG2 cells increased gradually and reached the peak at 16h.Compared with the control group, the difference was significant (P

Objective To summrize the effects of various treatment methods,including operation,transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE),and percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI) on hepatic cavernous hemangioma(HCH),in order to select an optimal therapy strategy for HCH.MethodsClinic data of 47 patients with 58 hepatic hemangiomas treated in our hospital in recent 10 years were analyzed retrospectively.Results There were 26 males and 21 females with mean age 42?2 5 years(10～72 years old)in this series.The diameters of these lesions were 3～21 5cm(mean diameter 8 5?1 8cm).Of them,obvious symptoms appeared in 39 patients,malignancy could not excluded in 6,and the size of HCH increased rapidly in 2.Operations were performed in 40 patients,including 2 patients failed to PEI;TAE was conducted in 7cases.There was no mortality or major morbidity occurred in the operative patients,except right pleual effusion in one case and subdiaphragmatic fluid collections in another case(2/40).Neither is mortality nor morbidity seen in the TAE treated case.Conclusions Operation is an effective procedure for HCH.But for more diffuse lesions or lesions located in special region,TAE is a more favorable alterative selection.Because PEI has risk of hemorrhage and hardener injection under ultrasonography guide has uncertain outcome,so it should be chosen cautiously.

Objective To explore the relationship between the ultrastructure and gallstone recurrence after cholecystolithotomy.Methods By implanting human cholesterol gallstone into the gallbladder of rabbits, the ultrasructure of the gallbladder was observed with scanning eleetron microscope and transmission electron microscope,3 months before and after cholecystolithotomy.Results ln the stone-implanted group,the epithelium cells were massively damaged,nuclei karyopyknosis,mitochondria destroyed, and phagolysosomes increased. After the gallstone removal, the epitheliune cells did not recover completely where exposed connective tissues and covering surface by mucus. In cytoplasm, the lysosome decreased, and mucus granules secretion increased and actively secreted into the gallbladder lumen.Conclusions The pathologic changes of chronic cholecystitis caused by implanting stones in rabbits is similar to that of the chronic calculous cholecystitis in human.The basic cause of gallstone recurrence after cholecystolithotomy might be that the ultrastructural changes not be restored and the mucus secretion increased obviously in gallbladder.

Objective To explore the treatment effects of low molecular weight heparine (LMWH) on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods Random analysis were made on the clinical features and therapeutic effect on the control treatment group (CT) in 65 cases and LMWH treatment group (LT) in 77 cases.Results 70(90 9%) cases were cured in LT group,and 48(73 8%) cases were cured in CT group. The incidence of complications in the LT group (28 6%, 22patients 45 times) was significantly lower than that in the CT group (60%,39patients 79 times)(P