BACKGROUND: As indicated by experiments on animal, cytokine has regulatory effects on sleep. Clinical research has found abnormal level of cytokine in patients with depression. Sleep rhythm disorder is a common symptom of depression; however, the relationship between cytokine and sleep has hardly been conducted at home and abroad.OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between abnormal level of cytokine and clinical characteristics of sleep disorder so as to provide theoretical basis for early intervention and functional detection of sleep disorder in patients with depression.DESIGN: A case-controlled study using the patients with depression as the subjects and normal persons as the controls.SETTING: Two wards of the Department of Psychiatry of a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: The study was completed in the Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College. The subjects in this study were divided into depression group and control group. The patients in depression group were hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from September 2001 to December 2001. Inclusion International Classification of Diseases(10th edition) and Chinese Classifiliver function, electrocardiography and kidney function examination were quilizer or lithium salt were used in the past year; had the history of alcohol Had endocrine, heart, liver and kidney diseases and other serious somatic diseases. The 35 patients who met the above criteria were 14 males and 21females aged from 18 to 60 years with the average age of(36 ± 12) years in the depression group. In the control group there were 13 males and 17 females aged from 19 to 60 years with the average age of(34 ± 10)years.METHODS: The levels of plasma interleukin-2(IL-2) and solute interleukin-2 receptor(sIL-2R) were detected with enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay.disorder in patients with depression.RESULTS: The level of plasma IL-2 in the depression group(77.92± 36.85) pg/L was lower than that of the normal control group (98.98± 30. 72 ) pg/L( t = 2. 446, P ＜ 0.05). Moreover, IL-2 level was positively correlated to depth of sleep level( r = 0. 364, P ＜ 0. 05) . No significant difference in sIL-2R level was found between the two groups( P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The development of sleep disorder in patients with depression may be related with the level of cytokine, and the decrease of IL-2level can be the neurobiological basis of sleep level in depression.

Objective To explore the optimal storage methods to maintain serum clozapine (CZP) and N-desmethylclozapine (N-CZP) concentration in a long-term stablility. Methods Ten fresh clinical blood samples were collected, and each sample's serum was separated at volume of 0.5 ml into five pieces of 10 ml conic glass cen-trifuge tubes with cocks; then CZP and N-CZP were beth assayed with HPLC in samples collected on sampling day, stored at 4 ℃ and -20 ℃ for 12 weeks and 24 weeks,respectively. Results There was no significant difference in CZP among samples stored at 4 ℃ for 12 weeks[(525.1±124.3) μg/L] ,at -20 ℃ for 12 weeks[ (535.5± 126.7) and 24 weeks[ (532.5±126.7) μg/L] ,as well as collected on sampling day[(542.7±135.0) μg/L] (P>0.05); There was also no significant difference in N-CZP among samples stored at -20 ℃ for 12 weeks [(226.2±50. 7) μg/L] and 24 weeks[ (224.9±44.8) μg/L] and collected on sampling day[(236.9± 66.6) μL] (P>0.05). Conclusion CZP and N-CZP concentration would be maintained stable within 24 weeks under the refrigerated storage temperature of -20 ℃ at a fixed volume.

0.05), but each gene expression level was higher in schizophrenic or siblings than in normal controls(P0.05), and the correlation between the gene expression levels of IL-1? and TNF-? were significant in all groups(r=0.847 or 0.942, P

Until now, although the molecule of EDHF has not been cloned, some characteristics of EDHF has been clarified by scientists. It is different from NO and prostacyclin, and it is considered to play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone by stimulating the channels of K + and Ca 2+ .

This study was to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of breviscapine on endothelial cells.ox-LDL was used to induce oxidative damage on human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)for 20 h with or without 4 h pretreatment of various concentrations of breviscapine(10;20;40 μmol/L);then observe the protective effect and mechanism of breviscapine on endothelial cells insulted by ox-LDL.MTT method was used to detect cell viability;flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species;and Western blot and RT-PCR was used to detect cell signaling pathways.The results showed that breviscapine recovered HUVEC cell viability in a dose-dependent manner which inhibited by ox-LDL;and it also protected cell from apoptosis induced by ox-LDL.To explore the mechanisms of breviscapine;reactive oxygen species (ROS)was determined after pretreatment of various concentrations of breviscapine or different durations(2;4;6 h)of brevis-capine.Results showed that breviscapine decreased ROS production in a dose-and time-dependent manner.Fur-thermore;cell signaling pathway analysis showed that breviscapine increased the expression of BCL-2;decreased the expression of BAX and the release of Cytochrome C and cleavage of caspase-3.Breviscapine decreased Keap1 and activated the nuclear import of Nrf2;and subsequently increased the mRNA and protein expression of down-stream antioxidant enzyme as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1)and glutathione transferase-S-Mu 1(GSTM1);and increasing the activity of NQO1.Besides;breviscapine decreased IKK and IKB;and inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB;while increasing the expression of eNOS.This study demonstrated that breviscap-ine has a protective role on ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury;which may be related to its antioxidant effects and inhibition of NF-κB activation.

Objective　To study the changes of hemodynamics during heterotopic partial liver transplantation (HPLT) in pigs. Methods　10 young pigs after intravenous anesthesia were divided into two groups: donor group (5 pigs) and recipient group (5 pigs). In recipient pigs, a catheter inserted to right cervical artery was used to monitor artery bood pressue, and Swasn-Ganz catheter inserted via right cervical vein was used to monitor hemodynamics during operation.Results　There were significant changes in CO, SV and SVR (P<0.01 or P<0.05); although decreasing in MAP and increasing in HR occurred during operation, but no significance(P>0.05) was found. There were no significant changes in PCWP and PAP during HPLT (P>0.05). Conclusions　There is significant hemodynamic fluctuation during HPLT. It is very important that to monitor hemodynamics, prevent and manage hemodynamics disturbance durig HPLT

Objective To evaluate endoscopically insertion of feeding tube via nose(EIFTN). Method Jejunal feeding tube was placed endoscopically via the nose in all 136 coma patients. Results This procedure was successful in all patients. The procedure took an average time of 5 minutes. In patients with deep coma,the procedure had no influence on HR,MAP, ECG and SaO2; In semicoma patients, HR and R increased during the procedure (t=3.902, P

0.05). Conclusions There is significant hemodynamic fluctuation during HPLT. It is very important that to monitor hemodynamics, prevent and manage hemodynamics disturbance durig HPLT

Objective:To elucidate the characterization of CD8+T cell in H1N1 influenza vaccine for children.Methods:PBMCs were isolated from 31 children aged from 3 to 6 years old who had accepted H 1N1 influenza vaccine during December 2009 to January 2010.The lymphocytes were joined with the H 1N1 influenza vaccine as experimental group and cultured .The experiment set without vaccine group as control group .At last we detected the surface molecules by FCM .The CCK-8 assay was added to detecting cellular proliferation and cellular proliferation index were detected by CCK-8.Results: CD8+T cells of PBMC in the two groups were 13.41%and 9.41%,P>0.05.CD8+CD45RAA+naive T cells in the two groups were up to more than 80%,P>0.05.The proportion of CD8+CD45ROA+memory T cells in two groups were up to 17%-19%,P>0.05.Two subsets of CD8+CD45ROA+memory T cells :CCR7+and CD62L+single positive memory T cell subsets in the experimental group were significantly lower than that of the control group,P<0.05.The CCK-8 assay was added to detect cellular proliferation .Only 51.16% of which cellular proliferation index was greater than 0.8,with none was greater than 1 in this study.Conclusion:This study showed that the CD4+T cells were low-level,naive T cells (CD8+CD45RAA+)were higher,with antigen stimulation and response.H1N1 vaccination specific memory T cells were few in number , specific memory T cell subsets were diversity , control memory cells were the main phenotypic characteristics .Cellular proliferation index showed that the proliferation of specific CD 8+T cells vaccine was poor .