As an important landmark, the posterolateral wall of maxillary sinus can help to locate numbers of significant signs such as maxillary artery and its branches, maxillary nerve and infraorbital nerve, infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa etc. in the endoscopic surgery for paranasal sinuses and lateral skull base. This article reviewed related researches about the anatomy and endoscopic surgery of posterolateral wall of maxillary sinus.
Endoscopy ; Humans ; Maxillary Artery ; Maxillary Nerve ; Maxillary Sinus ; anatomy & histology ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; Pterygopalatine Fossa

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a kind of malignant cloning hyperplastic disease of hematopoietic stem cell .The treatments based on molecular biological and immunological techniques will become the new therapies .Gene silence can improve the effects of molecular targeted therapeutic drugs through two ways: one is the target mRNA can be digested by siRNA and the other is target gene lose the stability and reduce the generation of protein mediated by miRNA .Adoptive cel-lular immunotherapy is a treatment method through injecting immunocompetent cells such as CIK , NK, etc into the body of cancerous person .This can improve the immunity of body and the effects of molecular targeted therapeutic drugs .The fur-ther study about basic theory , molecular mechanism and clinical effects will be continued .

Objective To observe the apoptosis of neuron and protein kinase B (Akt) expression after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)in rats, and investigate the interference effect and mechanism of ?-aeacine sodium on ICH injury.Methods All Sprague - Dawley male rats were randomly divided into normal group, pseudo -operation group,model group and therapeutic group treated with ?-sodium aeacine.The latter three groups were divided into five subgroups respectively :6 h,12h,1d,3d and 7d.ICH models were performed by injection Ⅶ type collagenase into the the right globus pallidus.By the methods of in situ terminaldeoxynucleotidyl transferase- mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemistry, The dynamic changes of apoptosis and the expression of AKt protein were observed in the damaged cortex.Results TUNEL-positive cells appeared at 6h after collagenase injection in the model group and the expression of AKt increased at 12 h.They reached their peak at 3rd day, and were still present during 1 week. The numbers of TUNEL-positive cells in 1 d, 3 d, 1 week after ICH decreased markerly in treatment group than those of in model group ( P

After the merozoite entered the erythrocyte,the membrane debris in the parasitophorous vacuoles of early ring form was passed out through a narrow external aperture in erythro-cyte to the exterior.The trophozoite was oval or irregular in shape.Ingestion of host cell cytoplasm occurred cystostomally.The asexual parasite possessed acristate mitochondria and was surrounded by a single-membraned pellicle.The gametocyte possessed cristate mitochondria and was surrounded by two unit membranes.The cytoplasm of mature macrogametocytes contained many ribosomes,mitochondria and osmiophilic bodies and a small nucleus while microgametocytes contained fewer ribosomes,osmiophilic bodies and mitochondria and a large nucleus.Three characteristic morphological alterations were observed within the host cells,that is,small vesicles,cytoplasmic cleft and caveola-vesicle complex.The clefts within the cytoplasm of the host erythrocytes were present in all human malarial parasites.The small vesicles distributed all over the cytoplasm were surrounded by a unit membrane.The caveola-vesicle complex consisted of caveolae was surrounded by small vesicles and probably corresponds to a Schuffner's dot.(Figs.1-13)

Objective To explore the histological changes of the wrist interosseous ligaments after radiofrequency electrothermal shrinkage. Methods Six frozen fresh male adult cadaver wrist ligaments were exploited for the research. The ligaments of the right wrists were treated with radiofrequency electrothermal shrinkage with Arthrocare system, while the ligaments of the left wrists were kept as the normal control. The bone-ligament-hone samples of all the scapholunate (SL) and lunotriquetral (LT) ligaments were prepared, sectioned and then stained with the regular HE staining, toluidine blue staining, Sirius-red staining and immunohistochemistry staining of collagen Ⅲ. The image analysis software was used to compare the staining results. Results The histological structures of SL dorsal ligaments (SL-d) and LT volar ligaments (LT-v) were very similar, and the structures of SL volar ligaments (SL-v) and LT dorsal ligaments (LT-d) were also very similar. The membrane parts of both SL and LT ligaments showed the fibrous cartilage structure. The histological structures of SL-d and LT-v were much less destroyed by the radiofrequency than those of SL-v and LT-d. After radiofrequency electrothermal shrinkage, only the distribution areas of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ were significantly changed in the membrane parts of SL and LT ligaments. Conclusion Radiofrequency electrothermal shrinkage treatment can cause minor structural damage to the collagen-dominant ligaments such as SL-d and LT-v, while it can lead to quite severe structural damage to the ligaments containing collagen and lots of loose connective tissue, such as SL-v and LT-d.

AIM:To study the chemical constituents of Fissistigma oldhamii(Hemsl.)Merr.METHODS:Silica gel column chromatography was used in the isolation procedure,the structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectral data.Meanwhile cytotoxic activity of compound Ⅰ was made according to the cell experiment in vitro.RESULTS:Five compounds were isolated from Radix of Fissistigma oldhamii(Hemsl.)Merr..On the basis of physical-chemical constants and spectral data(EI-MS,1H-NMR,13C-NMR),these compounds were identified as:Aristolactam A Ⅱ(Ⅰ),Aristolactam B(Ⅱ),Physcion(Ⅲ),?-sitosterol(Ⅳ),Stigmastan-7-one(Ⅴ).Compound Ⅰ showed cytotoxic activities on GLC-82 and HL_ 60 cell strains.CONCLUSION:Compounds Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ are firstly isolated from Fissistigma oldhamii(Hemsl.)Merr..The IC_ 50 of compound Ⅰ on GLC-82 and HL_ 60 cell strain are:234.45,101.17 ?M.

Objective To determine the content of 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin in Fructus Citris Sarcodactylis. Methods HPLC was used. Mobile phase was methanol-water(65 ∶35),detection wavelength at 326 nm,flow rate 1mL/min and column temperature at 35 ℃.Results The linearity of 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin was in the range of 0.3528～1.7640 ?g. The regression equation was Y=2403.73 X-65.35,r=0.9998. The average recovery was 99.33 %,RSD=1.47 %(n=6). Conclusion The method is simple and accurate. It can be applied in the determination of 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin in Fructus Citris sarcodactylis.

Objective To study the chemical constituents from the stems of Dendrobium nobile. Methods Compounds were isolated through various chromatographic techniques and identified by spectral data. Results Twelve phenolic compounds were obtained. Their structures were characterized as dihydroconiferyl dihydro-p-coumarate (Ⅰ), vanillin (Ⅱ), apocynin (Ⅲ), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (Ⅳ), syringaldehyde (Ⅴ), syringic acid (Ⅵ), syringylethanone (Ⅶ), α-hydroxypropiosyringone (Ⅷ), coniferyl aldehyde (Ⅸ), dihydroconiferyl alcohol (Ⅹ), 2-hydroxyphenylpropanol (Ⅺ), and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylethanol (Ⅻ), respectively. Conclusion All above compounds are reported from this plant for the first time. Compounds Ⅰ and Ⅲ -Ⅻ are reported for the first time from the plants of Dendrobium Sw.

Objective To observe effects of hydroxyethyl starch(130/0.4,voluven)on tissue perfusion and serum TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 levels in patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods 60 SAP patients with non-operative treatment were randomly divided into voluven group and Ringer's solution group(n =30 per group).In addition to conventional drugs and treatment,of which voluven group daily 15ml/kg intravenously for 5 d;Ringer's solution group daily 20ml/kg intravenously for 5d.Hemodynamic parameters and tissue perfusion indicators were monitored,TN F-α,IL-6,IL-8 levels were examined after treatment 0,12,24,48,96 hours.Results Compared with Ringer solution group,Voluven group therapy high efficiency,faster raise MAP,ScvO2,Phi value,lower HR,Hct(t =2.785,3.126,4.132,3.168,2.218,all P ＜ 0.05).TNFα,IL-6 after 48h treatment,IL-8 after 96h treatment,both groups were significantly decreased,but the voluven group was significantly lower than Ringer's solution group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Voluven could effectively and quickly maintain hemodynamic stability,improve the hemorheological and tissue perfusion,could be more conducive to improving the pancreatic microcirculation,thus inhibiting inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 release,and had favorable treatment effect on patients with SAP.

BACKGROUND: Effect of acellular surfactant and biological safety of bone graft materials highly correlated with selection of surfactant; therefore, a novel compound surfactant was used to prepare acellular bone graft materials in this study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate acellular effect and biological safety of bio-derived bone tissue treated by a novel surfactant in order to obtain a safe and reliable bone graft material. METHODS: Surfactant was prepared with anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (ABS), anionic surfactant sodium fatty alcohol ether sulfate (AES) and distilled water at the ratio of 13:7:80. Fresh bovine cancellous bone and surfactant which was used to remove cells and lipid by two-step flow were used to prepare a novel bio-derived bone graft material. The histological and microscopic observations of microstructure were made. Also acute body toxicity test, hematolysis experiment, cell toxicity test and biological safety were assessed on surfactant-treated bio-dedved bone graft material (STBB). A long-term animal experiment was conducted to observe the biocompatibility and biodegradability of STBB. The ultraviolet dispersion of light luminosity method was employed to measure the residual amount of surfactant in STBB. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: STBB was a whitish porous cancellous bone. No cell was found in bone lacuna, bone canaliculus was empty, and the collagen fiber had an order arrangement. Acute body toxicity test was qualified according to GB/116886.11-1997 standard, hematolysis experiment was < 5%, and cell toxicity test was grade 0, confirming that STBB was safe. The remaining surfactant in STBB was lower than 0.1 g/L. The long-term animal experiment demonstrated that fiber was present at 4 weeks, bone lacuna had cellular growth and the fusion of STBB and host appeared. The STBB was partial absorbed by organism at 8 weeks and completely absorbed at 24 hours. The results indicated that STBB had an excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. As a new bone implant material, STBB was safe and dependable for transplantation.