Objective To clarify the effective location of propofol in central nervous system (CNS) by detection of the c-jun expression after propofol-induced anesthesia in rats. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal control (C), low-dose propofol group (50 mg/kg, P 1), middle-dose propofol group (100 mg/kg, P 2), high-dose propofol group (150 mg/kg, P 3), stimulation with tail broken group (S 1), and propofol + stimulation with tail broken group (S 2). The expressions of nucleoprotein JUN in the CNS were detected by immunohistochemisty. Results Rather weakly stained nucleoprotein JUN positive neurons were observed in the supraoptic nucleus, lateral septal nucleus, and lateral habenular nucleus in the control group. In groups P 1, P 2, and P 3, the expressions of nucleoprotein JUN were increased significantly as compared with those in the control group. The expressions were mainly located in the accumbent nucleus, lateral septal nucleus, periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, ventral lateral geniculalaten nucleus, dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, anteroventral preoptic nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, supramammillary nucleus, basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, paraventricular thalamic nucleus, lateral habenula nucleus, and islands of Calleja. The expressed positive neuron number was positively correlated with the doses of propofol. Conclusion Propofol anesthesia has the determined sites of action in rat CNS.

Objective To clarify the effective location of propofol in central nervous system (CNS). Methods Forty-two Wistar rats were ramdomized into control group,50 mg/kg propofol,100 mg/kg propofol,150 mg/kg propofol,tail shearing,propofol followed by tail shearing (n=7 in each group). The NOS expressions in the CNS were recorded by NADPH-d histochemistry after anesthesia by intraperitoneal injection of propofol. Results Rather widely stained NOS positive neurons were observed in the control group. In propofol groups,the NOS expressions were decreased significantly as compared with the control group,mainly located in ACB,LS,Pe,VLG,Den,SO,SCh,AVPO,Sol,SuM,BL,PV,LHb and Icj,showing a negative dose-effect relation with propofol. Conclusion Propofol has the determined sites of action in CNS and the decrease of NO synthesis by the inhibition of NOS may play a role in propofol-induced general anesthesia.

0.05), while those in group B were statistically significant(P

Objective To explore the sleep quality and its influencing factors among the patients with schizophrenia of Hui and Han populations in the rural areas in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.MethodsTotally 296 patients with schizophrenia of Hui and Han populations in the rural areas were selected from 2 counties of Wuzhong and Zhongwei in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region by using cluster random sampling method.Self-made general information questionnaire was used to collect the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients with schizophrenia.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) was used to evaluate the sleep quality.Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS),Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA) were used to measure the psychotic symptoms,depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms,respectively.ResultsIn the rural areas,the incidence of sleep disorder in the patients with schizophrenia of Hui and Han populations was 84.5%.The influencing factors of sleep disorder in the patients with schizophrenia in the rural areas were age(B=0.055,P=0.012,OR=1.057,95%CI:1.012-1.103),nationality(B=2.250,P<0.01,OR=9.485,95%CI:2.701-33.319),marital status(B=-1.506,P=0.003,OR=0.222,95%CI:0.081-0.605),course of disease(B=-0.003,P=0.089,OR=0.997,95%CI:0.993-1.001),the total score of HAMD(B=0.079,P=0.007,OR=1.083,95%CI:1.021-1.148)and the total score of HAMA(B=0.060,P=0.036,OR=1.061,95%CI:1.004-1.122).ConclusionSleep disorders are common and associated with multiple factors in patients with schizophrenia of Hui and Han populations in Ningxia rural area.In clinical practice,more attention should be paid to the identification and intervention of sleep disorders,so as to improve the sleep quality for the patients with schizophrenia.

Objective · To evaluate the association between the abnormal maternal serum markers of alpha fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and unconjugated estriol (uE3) in the second trimester screening and the adverse obstetric outcomes other than trisomy 21 (T21),trisomy 18 (T18) and open neural tube defects (ONTD), and to provide local data for supporting evidence based clinical managements. Methods · A retrospective cohort study was performed in the women who received second trimester maternal serum screening in the International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital between 2012 and 2014, with naturally conceived singleton pregnancies. Obstetric outcomes were followed up by searching electronic medical records within the hospital. Abnormal level of marker was defined as a MOM value ≥ 99th (P99) or ≤ 1st percentile (P1) of the overall screened population. Incidence of an adverse obstetric outcome was compared between the groups with abnormal markers and the control with all markers in normal. Results · ① A total of 25616 pregnancies were included in this study, in which 4526 were identified as having various adverse obstetric outcomes. Among them 4143 pregnancies were with isolated and 383 pregnancies were with co-occurring two or more adverse outcomes. ② When compared to pregnancies with normal levels of all three serum markers, pregnancies with decreased AFP or decreased hCG did not show associations with any adverse obstetric outcomes. However, pregnancies with increased AFP, increased hCG or decreased uE3 were at increased risk for a variety of abnormal pregnancy outcome. In 18 pregnancies with an outcome of fetal chromosomal abnormalities other than T21 and T18, 9 presented with either increased AFP, increased hCG or decreased uE3, with relative risk ratios of 13.33、35.00 and 59.00, respectively. ③ The performance of those markers tended to be improved in a subset of adverse obstetric outcomes, including low birth weight

Purpose To investigate the expression and clinical significance of the cell cycle inhibitors p16 protein and specific recogni-tion of viral replication intermediate TLR3 in the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( CIN) and cervical invasive carcinoma. Methods Immunohistochemical stain was used to detect the expressions of p16 and TLR3 in 19 cases of normal cervical epithelium ( NCE) , 62 cases of CIN, and 17 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Results The positive rates of p16 protein were 0, 72. 5%and 100% in NCE, CIN and SCC respectively in which the difference among those groups were statistically significant ( P<0. 01 ) . Similarly, the positive rates of TLR3 protein were 26. 3%, 87% and 100% in NCE, CIN and SCC respectively and the difference a-mong those groups was significant (P<0. 01). Furthermore, there was a significant and positive correlation between the expression of p16 and TLR3 (rs =0. 538, P<0. 01). Conclusion Increased expression is observed in CIN and SCC compared with NCE and the expression of p16 and TLR3 is associated with level of CIN. Those could provide certain experiment basis for the pathologica diagnosis of early cervical cancer.

Aim To explore the effect of pharmacolog-ical activation of serotonin 5-HT2C receptor (5-HT2C R) on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in morphine-de-pendent mice. Method EthoVision Noldus video tracking system was used to record the effect of 5-HT2C R agonist WAY on locomotor activities and behavioral performances in mice.Results Selective 5-HT2C R ag-onist WAY (0.5,0.75 or 1 .0 mg·kg -1 ,i.p.)a-lone did not alter the locomotor activities as determined by distance traveled and velocity (all P values >0.05).Chronic morphine treatment induced depend-ence in mice as demonstrated by increases in distance traveled,velocity and jumping behavior.WAY (0.5, 0.75 or 1 .0 mg·kg -1 ,i.p.)and clonidine (0.2 mg ·kg -1 ,i.p.)significantly ameliorated naloxone-pre-cipitated withdrawal symptoms,including burrowing, jumping,body grooming,rearing,“wet dog”shakes, head shakes,face grooming,penile grooming,scratch (all P values <0.05).Conclusion Pharmacological activation of 5-HT2C R ameliorates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms in morphine-dependent mice.5-HT2C R may be a novel target to develop therapeutic ap-proach against morphine physical dependence,craving and relapsing.

Objective To explore the effect of dronedaronel on hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated(HCN) channel expression by detecting the change of HCN channel mRNA and protein level before and after giving dronedarone in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes.Methods Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were separated and digested by type Ⅱ collagenase,and then single ventricular myocytes were collected through differential sticking wall separation method.According to the concentrations (0.1,0.5,1.0,5.0,10.0,20.0 μmol/L of dronedaronel for treating myocytes for 48 h) and time(10 μmol/L of dronedaronel for treating myocytes for 1,6,12,24,48 h)the gradient grouping was conducted.The levels of HCN2 and HCN4 channel mRNA and protein level were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot.Results The HCN2 mRNA and HCN4 mRNA expression levels in concentration gradient group and time gradient group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05);compared with the control group,the protein level in the 10 umol/L dronedaronel treatment for 12 h group was significantly down-regulated(P＜ 0.01).Conclusion Dronedaronel could inhibit the expression of HCN2/HCN4 channel mRNA and protein,moreover its action shows the concentration dependency and reaches the maximum at 12 h after medication.

BACKGROUND: In vitro isolation and culture of neural stem/progenitor cells will provide a good cell model for the study of neurodevelopment, neurological diseases, and neural transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To study the highly effective method for isolation and expansion of hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells from newborn mice, and to identify the proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells using improved adherent culture method. METHODS: Neural stem/progenitor cells were isolated from the hippocampus of newborn C57BL/6 mice and were expanded for several passages. Combination of polylysine and laminin were used for adherent culture to promote cell attachment. Morphological observation and immunofluorescence cytochemical staining were conducted to detect the expression of neural progenitor-specific marker protein Nestin and proliferation index Ki-67. After 7 days of induction and differentiation, the expression of GFAP, DCX, Tuj1 and S100β was detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: About 82％ of the cultured neural stem/progenitor cells expressed Nestin, and about 49％ expressed Ki-67. A small number of cells were DCX-positive neurons after induction and differentiation, while most of the cells were positive for GFAP. The ratio of neurons to astrocytes was 1:1.7 identified by Tuj1 and S100β double staining. The neural stem/progenitor cells derived from the hippocampus were efficiently isolated and cultured. The cell proliferation and differentiation abilities were effectively identified after adherent culture, which can provide sufficient cell sources for further experimental research.

Sarcopenia etiology is diverse and the pathogenesis is complex.It is closely related to limited activity, malnutrition and a variety of clinical diseases, which seriously affects the quality of life in the elderly and has become a global common health problem.This review focuses on the literature of non-drug interventions for sarcopenia in the past five years, focusing on the relationship of multimodal exercise, intestinal flora, parenteral nutrition and comprehensive intervention with sarcopenia, in order to provide a new basis for formulating scientific and effective non-drug intervention for sarcopenia.