Objective To study biological significance of CD44v6 and p63 protein expression in buccal squamous cell carcinomas (BSCC). Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to examine the expression of CD44v6 and p63 protein in 52 cases of BSCC,10 cases of atypical hyperplasia and 10 cases of normal buccal mucosa,which were analyzed based on clinic and pathology characteristics.Results In normal tissue,atypical hyperplastic tissue of buccal mucosa and BSCC tissue,the expression of CD44v6 decreased gradually 90.0 ％ (9/10),80.0 ％ (8/10) and 55.8 ％ (29/52),respectively,and the layers of positive expression was decreased,and the expression of p63 increased gradually,30.0 ％ (3/10),40.0 ％ (4/10) and 90.4 ％(47/52),respectively.The differences of their expression rates were significant (P ＜0.05).The expression of CD44v6 and p63 had no relationship with gender,age,tumor classification,pathological differentiation (P ＞0.05).CD44v6 was relevant with invasion style and lymphatic node metastasis of BSCC (P ＜ 0.05),while p63 has no relevance with lymphatic node metastasis of BSCC (P ＞0.05).Conclusion CD44v6 and p63 participate in the regulation of generation and deve-lopment process of BSCC.CD44v6 can be utilized as a useful marker of BSCC for detection and prediction of prognosis.p63 play a role as oncogene,which can be a useful marker for BSCC detection.CD44v6 and p63 have independent function in generation,development,metastasis and aversion of BSCC.

OBJECTIVETo assess the association between polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T locus and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in Shanxi Province of China.

METHODSBlood samples from 150 patients and their parents and 150 controls and their mothers were collected. The polymorphism of MTHFR gene C677T locus were analyzed by the methods of polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism technique(PCR-RFLP). Case-control analysis, transmission-disequilibrium test(TDT) and haplotype-based haplotype relative risk analysis(HHRR) were used to study the correlation between the gene mutation and NSCL/P.

RESULTSHardy-Weinberg equilibrium test results showed that, the offspring and mother genotype in the case group and the control group was not deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg law of genetic equilibrium (P > 0.05). The distribution of genotype CC, CT and TT in offspring had significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). In the offspring and mother of case group and the control group, the carriers of the TT genotype compared to CC genotype, the OR are greater than 1 and 95% CI do not contain 1 (offspring OR: 2.692, 95% CI: 1.319-5.495; mother OR: 2.469, 95% CI: 1.136-5.363). The distribution of C allele and T mutation gene were significantly different in the offspring and mother between the two groups (P < 0.05). The TDT test showed: chi2 = 4.507, P < 0.05. The HHRR test showed: P < 0.05.

CONCLUSIONThe single nucleotide polymorphism of MTHFR C677T locus is associated with the development of NSCL/P in Shanxi Province.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Cleft Lip ; genetics ; Cleft Palate ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Objective:To investigate the association of the rsl801133 polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)gene and rs2236225 polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase(MTHFD1)gene with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P)in Chinese population of Shanxi Province.Methods:The rsl801133 polymorphism of MTHFR gene and rs2236225 polymorphism of MTHFD1 gene were examined by PCR-RFLP in 265 patients with NSCL/P and 276 healthy controls.Data were statistically analysed.Results:The genotypic distribution of rsl801133 and rs2236225 was not deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.There was no significant difference in allele frequencies of rsl801133 and rs2236225 variants between patients with NSCL/P and healthy individuals(P <0.05).Conclusion:The polymorphism of MTHFR gene and MTHFD1 gene was not associated with NSCL/P in Chinese population of Shanxi Province.

The effect and mechanism of mulberry leaves extracts (MLE) on glucose uptake of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells in vitro was explored. The insulin resistant models of HepG2 were induced by high concentration of insulin for 24 h. The models were incubated in a buffer containing mulberry leaves extracts. The glucose consumption was detected by glucose assay kits and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Akt activation was examined by Western blotting. Mulberry leaves polysaccharides, mulberry leaves flavonoids and mulberry leaves extracts advanced glucose uptake of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells; Mulberry leaves extracts enhance phosphorylation of AMPK. Mulberry leaves extracts do not change the phosphorylation status of Akt. The glucose consumptions of insulin resistant model of HepG2 were promoted by mulberry leaves extracts. MLE stimulates HepG2 cell AMPK activity acutely without changing the Akt activity.

Depth of invasion is a newly added index for TNM staging of oral cancer in the eighth edition. Preoperative evaluation of depth of invasion not only provides a reference for surgical margin, but also serves as an independent prognostic factor for predicting lymph node metastases. At present, the main methods for assessing the depth of invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma include ultrasound examination, MRI, CT, positron emission tomography (PET) and histopathological examination. This paper summarizes the evaluation method and clinical effect of depth of invasion of tongue cancer, and analyzes its advantages and boundedness. In addition, this study is expected to provide a reference for the surgical treatment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Early tongue cancer is more prone to occult lymphatic metastasis than other oral cancers. Therefore, the decision of whether to perform neck dissection in the early stage of tongue cancer has been a controversial issue among many scholars. To accurately evaluate the neck condition of patients and determine whether neck dissection should be performed, this article reviews evaluation factors such as sex, age, tumor site, preoperative auxiliary examination results, depth of invasion, pathological grade, and nerve, lymphatic and vascular invasion. A literature review showed that the cervical lymphatics of early tongue cancer mainly migrated to regionsⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ, and distant metastasis was rare. The cervical lymphatics of early tongue cancer were mainly affected by the depth of invasion, pathological grade, and nerve, lymphatic and vascular invasion. To achieve a high survival rate for patients with early tongue cancer, patients with preoperative ultrasound or MRI showing a tumor invasion depth of more than 5 mm, a tumor with a higher pathological grade, and clinical symptoms such as numbness or pain who are in stage T1 and T2 and who have already have nerve and vascular lymphatic infiltration according to the frozen sectioning results should be considered for primary simultaneous cervical lymphatic dissection.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between prostate volume and postoperative stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in the elderly benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients following holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data of 110 elderly (age ≥ 60 years) BPH patients who underwent HoLEP in Grand Hospital of Jincheng in Shanxi between 2014 and 2018. In these patients, preoperative transrectal ultrasonography revealed that the prostate volume was 21-198(74.53 ± 31.26) ml. According to prostate volume, the patients were allocated to large prostate volume group (prostate volume ≥ 80 ml), intermediate prostate volume group (40 ml < prostate volume < 80 ml) and small prostate volume group (prostate volume ≤ 40 ml). All patients underwent the HoLEP, the incidence of postoperative SUI was compared among the three groups after withdrawal of stenting catheters. Results: After HoLEP, 74 patients were uneventful, while 36 patients experienced the postoperative SUI. No perpetual SUI patient was found after follow-up for 1 week to 6 months. The incidence of postoperative SUI after HoLEP was positively correlated with prostate volume (r=0.331, P < 0.05). The 36 elderly BPH patients with postoperative SUI accounted for 51.35%(19/37), 33.33% (12/36) and 13.51% (5/37), respectively in large, intermediate and small prostate volume groups, with statistically significant difference among three groups after Kruskal-Walls test (χ²= 11.930, P < 0.05). Conclusions The incidence of postoperative stress urinary incontinence after HoLEP of the prostate is positively correlated with prostate volume in the elderly BPH patients.

Objective To investigate the value of the peripheral blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR)before nimotuzumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in predicting the short-term efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy for advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Methods With the approval of the Ethics Committee and the in-formed consent of the patients,59 patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ OSCC who were admitted to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from September 2020 to June 2023 were en-rolled.All the patients had complete clinical data,were pathologically diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma,and re-ceived preoperative and received preoperative nimotuzumab+TP(docetaxel+cisplatin)neoadjuvant chemotherapy.The clinical data were analyzed,and the neutrophil and lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood were collected before and after nimotuzumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.The NLR was calculated,and the threshold value was calculated using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Patients were divided into a high NLR group and a low NLR group according to the NLR threshold before nimotuzumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with TP.The clinical efficacy after nimotuzumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with TP was evaluated according to the evaluation criteria for solid tumor efficacy,and the correlation between the NLR and recent neoadjuvant therapy effi-cacy was analyzed.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)in OSCC tissues before and after nimotuzumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with TP and to ana-lyze whether the expression of EGFR differed among the different NLR groups.Results A total of 59 patients with ad-vanced OSCC were included.According to the ROC curve,the NLR threshold was 2.377,and the patients were divided into a＜2.377 group(low NLR group),with 24 patients,and a＞2.377 group(high NLR group),with 35 patients.The short-term neoadjuvant therapy effect was significantly greater in the lower NLR group than in the higher NLR group(P＜0.05);EGFR expression in both the low NLR group and the high NLR group decreased after nimotuzumab com-bined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with TP,and the decrease in the low NLR group was significantly greater than that in the high NLR group(P＜0.05).Conclusion A low NLR before nimotuzumab combined with neoadjuvant che-motherapy with TP is associated with better neoadjuvant therapy outcomes,and such patients are more likely to benefit from preoperative nimotuzumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Objetive:To investigate whether the methylation patterns of the interleukin-4 (IL-4) gene promoter changed and whether environmental factors affected the methylation level of IL-4 gene in the peripheral blood of patients with recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU).Methods:Totally 20 patients, who were diagnosed with RAU, were recruited from May 2018 to May 2019 in the Department of Stomatology， First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University in the study (RAU group), including 12 females and 8 males, with mean age of 16-35 years. During the same period, 20 healthy volunteers matching the age and gender of the RAU group were selected from the medical personnel of the same hospital as the healty control group, including 11 females and 9 males, with mean age of 15-35 years. Peripheral blood samples of two groups were collected and the methylation levels of the IL-4 promoter were detected by bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). The IL-4 promoter methylation level of each sample was analyzed by direct sequencing and the IL-4 mRNA level was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The data obtained were statistically analyzed.Results:The IL-4 gene promoter fragment contained 10 CPG sites from -1400 to -1625 bp. The methylation rates of CPG -1556, CPG -1483, CPG -1479and 10 CPG sites were significantly higher in RAU group ［(32.0±19.9)%, (53.0±13.4)%, (46.0±19.8)% and (39.3±12.4)%］ than in healthy control group ［(20.0±3.2)%, (35.5±12.3)%, (28.0±14.4)% and (32.6±5.8)%］, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The relative expression of IL-4 mRNA in the peripheral blood of RAU patients (1.0±0.1) was significantly lower than that of the healthy control group (1.5±0.2) ( P<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between the overall methylation rate of IL-4 gene promoter and the relative expression level of IL-4 mRNA in RAU group ( r=-0.494, P<0.05). In the multivariate analysis, smoking, vitamin B12 and folic acid in the RAU group were significantly correlated with the overall methylation rate of the IL-4 gene promoter ( P<0.01). Conclusions:The hypermethylation of IL-4 promoter in RAU patients may be related to the reduction of IL-4 gene transcription. Vitamin B12, folic acid and smoking may affect IL-4 gene methylation in peripheral blood of RAU patients.

The depth of invasion is a new index in the 8th edition of TNM classification and staging of oral cancer. Currently, there is no standardized evaluation method for the diagnosis of bone invasion and depth of invasion in lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma (LGSCC). The evaluation of LGSCC bone invasion depth not only provides a reference for surgical margin, but also determines the choice of surgical method, and is an independent prognostic factor for predicting cervical lymphatic metastasis. At present, the main evaluation methods of LGSCC bone invasion and invasion depth include X-ray, MRI, CT, positron emission tomography(PET)/CT, PET/MRI, singlephoton emission CT(SPECT)/CT and pathological examination. In this paper, the evaluation methods and effects of LGSCC bone invasion and invasion depth are summarized, and its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed in order to provide reference for clinical application.