This paper explores in brief history and development of nursing ethics in the past decades in China. In the past ten years, many original articles and textbooks are published and academic communication is active in the area of nursing ethics. Currently China nursing ethics has set up its concepts framework, and formed the ethical problem-based research paradigm, and published its ethical guideline. This paper concludes with recommendations for improving the quality of nursing ethics research in contemporary China.

Nowadays,evidence-based approach has been more and more applied to the study of bioethics.It is of increasing significance in collecting and using evidence in a systematic way in ethical decision making process.Evidence-based methods,which mainly gained from evidence-based medicine,contribute to the development of bioethics.Of course,a plenty of challenges are also confronted.By far,it is not a sound ground for the philosophy of bioethics.In addition,there is no clear idea about what kind of evidence-based approach should be introduced into the field of bioethics.

The prevention,diagnosis,treatment,and recovery of serious diseases can't be well done without the family's proper awareness and wisdom of choices.The target population of the prevention and control of serious diseases and health education should take a family as the basic unit and let the family become the first line of defense against the serious diseases.The idea and practice of Healthy Family has established a strong bond between the Healthy China strategy and the broad masses of the people,helping achieve the bottom-up interconnection and promoting Healthy China 2030 to benefit all.

Objective:To study the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among elderly people and associated factors to it.Method:A sample of 1865 elderly people aged 60 or above living in Beijing metropolitan area was investigated by a two-stage survey.In the first stage, a door-to-door visit to the subjects was performed by a trained interviewer to conduct general questionnaire including activity daily living assessment, memory and cognitive test.On the second stage, neurologists examined all screened subjects to collect family history and to finish general and neurological examination as well as neuropsychological testing.MCI was diagnosed by the consensus of 2 neurologists.Result:Among the 1865 subjects visited, 217 (11.6%) were defined to have MCI.After adjusted for age and gender the standardized prevalence reaches 8%.Within the people with MCI 22.6% was classified as vascular MCI.The prevalence of MCI was higher in people living in rural area, in people with lower educational attainment, and in people who were labor workers.The prevalence increased with age advancing.Conclusion:Similar to dementia, people with advance aged, with low education and living in rural area are those at high risk of developing MCI.

Objective:To examine the reliability and validity of the telephone version of Information-Memory-Concentration Test (T-IMCT) in screening dementia when administered by telephone To evaluate the relation of the face-to-face and the telephonic interview for assessing the cognitive status Methods:T-IMCT was adapted from Information-Memory-Concentration test for the telephonic interview 65 subjects with dementia and 67 normal control subjects were examined by an experienced clinician, including clinical, neuropsychological and instrumental examination (CT or MRI) T-IMCT was administrated by telephone after 2 weeks, comparing the score from face-to-face interview with telephonic interview 20 subjects were administered the test twice by the same doctor to measure the test-retest reliability, and another 20 subjects were administered the test by two doctors to measure the inter-rater reliability Informants supervised the subjects to insure the authenticity of assessment administered by telephone Results:T-IMCT achieved a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 80 6% in differentiating demented from healthy control subjects There was a high correlation between face-to-face interview and telephonic interview, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0 92 (P

Objective To investigate the change of cognition function and predictor factors in the patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD) before and after onset.Methods 46 AD patients who were not demented in 2000 and 167 normal old people(normal control group) were examed with the mini-mental state examination(MMSE) in 2004,compared with those in 2000.The cognitive predictor of AD was found with Logistic regression analyses.Results Compared with the normal control group,the total score of the MMSE and these subscales:orientation to time,orientation to place,delayed memory,calculation,attention and following commands in AD group in 2000 were decline(P

0.05). Short-term memory and logic memory(LM) scores were positively correlated with entorhinal cortex volumes(r=0.484, 0.529; all P

Objective To explore the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)in the apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells(HSC) induced by Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) tetrapeptide. Methods The cultrued HSC cells were divided into six groups including untreated control, fibronertin (FN), FN+RGDS (25 mg/L), FN+RGDS (50 mg/L), FN+RGDS(100 mg/L) and FN+Arg-Gly-Glu-Ser(RGES, 100 mg/L) groups. 3H-thymidine incorporation, transmission electron microscopy and TUNEL were employed to estimate the influence of RGDS on proliferation and apoptosis of HSC. The HSC adhesion rates were observed by toluidine blue colorimetric assay. The expressions of ERK mRNA and ERK protein in HSC were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results Compared with control and fibronectin groups, RGDS tetrapeptide at concentrations of 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L inhibited the proliferation of HSC(P

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical features and diagnosis of one Kennedy's disease.MethodsOne patient was clinically diagnosed as Kennedy's disease on the basis of the clinical features including slowing progression of disease, symptoms, nervous system signs, electromyography and nerve conduction velocity results and family history. His CAG number from the repetitive CAG sequence in the first exon of androgen receptor gene was determined using PCR.ResultsThe progression of Kennedy's disease is usually much slower. The CPK and testosterone levels increased in patient. EMG revealed neurogenic injury. The numbers of CAG region of the first exon of androgen receptor gene were 51 in the patient.ConclusionDespite its relatively typical manifestations, the definite diagnosis of Kennedy's disease should be made by detecting the number of CAG from the repetitive CAG region in the first exon of androgen receptor gene.

Objective: Through treatment based on differentiation of symptoms and signs and classification of defi nited patients of maternofetal blood group incompatibility, detecting anti-A or Anti-B antibody and erythrocyte immune complex chaplet rate(RICR) and erythrocyte receptor chaplet rate(RC3bR) , etc, to observe the therapeutic effect and mechanism of prescriptions mainly with Yinchenhao Decoction. Methods: Patients definited maternofetal blood group incompatibility were divided into control group and observation group according to random principle in 1:3 ratio. Then, observation group was divided into moist heat group(SRG), moist heat and defi ciency of spleen qi group (SR+PQXG) and moist heat and defi ciency of kidney qi group(SR+SQXG) according to syndrome differentiation. Corresponding prescriptions were used, every 30 doses 1 course. Before and after treatment, the anti-A or anti-B antibody and RICR, RC3bR were detected in peripheral blood. Results: In Yinchenhao Decoction group with 21 cases, the anti-A or anti anti-B antibody decreased, including 5 case (1:64) and 4 case (1:32). In group of syndrome differentiation with 63 cases, the anti-A or anti anti-B antibody decreased, including 33 case(1:64) and 20 case (1:32). Before and after treatment, RICR of control group and observation group were(19.43?5.29), (19.57?6.50)and (20.59? 7.96), (23.77?5.12), respectively. RC3bR were(11.62?4.16), (12.42?6.60)and(11.93?4.10), (13.96?6.40)respectively. There was signifi cant difference of before and after treatment in obserbation group(P0.05). Conclusion: In cutting down anti-A and anti-B antibody, and increasing RICR and RC3bR fi eld, the observation groups were better than control group.