It is confirmed that chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) caused by Helicobacter pylori is the main cause of gastric precancerous lesions.CAG is also the key determinant in gastric cancer risk assessment,which affects pepsinogen and gastrin-17 secretion.Most of the gastric cancer patients have poor prognosis,and non-invasive tools for gastric cancer screening and diagnosis are lacking.Therefore,the early detection of gastric cancer in order to reduce the disease mortality is necessary.Pepsinogen and gastrin-17 are biomarkers of gastric mucosa and gastric antra.The serological testing for the stomach-specific biomarkers offers the possibility to know preneoplastic gastric mucosal conditions.

Objective To explore the necessities and clinical value of acute intestinal obstruction with com-puted tomography of whole abdomen in over 80 years old patients.Methods 50 patients with acute intestinal obstruc-tion were diagnosed in department of emergency surgery and underwent the abdominal CT examinations.The clinical data,CT and surgery pathology of all patients were compared and analyzed.Results All cases were verified by surgi-cal operation and pathological diagnosis,including colorectal cancer(n =21)and incarcerated abdominal external her-nia(n =21),appendicitis(n =2),adhesive intestinal obstruction(n =2),intestinal volvulus (n =2),and intestinal intussusception(n =1)and stercoral intestinal obstruction(n =1),12 cases were accompanied by bowel necrosis and perforation.12 patients were treated by laparoscope surgery,38 cases by open laparotomy,48 patients acquired good recovery,and 2 cases died from extensive bowel necrosis and multi -organ failure.Conclusion CT examination in whole abdomen could rapidly and accurately diagnose the cause of intestinal obstruction,evaluate complications and risks,so as to provide reasonable treatment choice and time,making patients acquired the effective effects as soon as possible,reducing the bad consequences.

AIM To study the anti oxidation and cancer chemoprevention mechanism of procyanidins extracted from Vitis vinifera. METHODS A simple colorimetric method is used for the measurement of H 2O 2 produced by PMNs induced by croton oil. RESULTS It was shown that procyanidins could inhibit PMNs releasing H 2O 2 induced by croton oil. Procyanidins serum of rats also had the same effect. The effect was time and dose dependent. Inhibitory effect of procyanidins on hepatic mitochondria lipid peroxidation induced by croton oil was also observed. Procyanidins could raise the activity of SOD and decrease the level of MDA. CONCLUSION It was concluded that anti oxidation effect of procyanidins was one important mechanism of cancer chemoprevention.

Background and purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in tumor biological behavior. miRNAs are down-regulated or up-regulated in various cancer types, triggering abnormal cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. This study was designed to investigate the expression and clinical signiifcance of miR-187*in colorectal cancer (CRC), and further to investigate its roles in promoting cell apoptosis. Methods:The expressions of miR-187* in 40 CRC cases were examined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). The relationship between miR-187*expression and clinical features of CRC was analyzed. HCT116 cells were transfected with a miR-187*mimic and the apoptosis of the transfected cells were examined by lfow cytometry (FCM). Results:The expression of miR-187*was down-regulated in CRC tissues 0.165 (0.106, 0.428) compared with those in normal tissues 0.334 (0.211, 0.712) (P<0.05), especially in mucinous carcinoma and older age CRC (P<0.05). Transfection of HCT116 cells with a miR-187*mimic up-regulated the expression of miR-187*and increased cell early apoptosis (P<0.05). Conclusion: The expression level of miR-187* was lower in CRC. miR-187* expression correlates with histological type and age. Transfection of HCT116 cells with a miR-187*mimic accelerates apoptosis of tumor cells, suggesting that miR-187*is a potent tumor suppressor.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of microRNA-224 and microRNA-378e in colorectal cancer tissues and normal mucosa adjacent to tumor lesions. Methods The gene chip technology was used to detect the different expression of miRNA in colorectal carcinoma tissues and adjacent normal tissues, which was then confirmed by real-time PCR. The relationship between the pathology and clinical data was analyzed. Results The expres-sion level of miR-224 was significantly up-regulated in tumor tissue, while miR-378e was down-regulated in tumor tissue, which was confirmed by real-time PCR. The expression of miR-224 was strongly associated with histological types, while miR-378e was strongly associated with the infiltration depth of colorectal cancer. Conclusion miR-224 is a potent tumor promoter, while miR-378e is a potent tumor suppressor. Both miR-224 and miR-378e can be used as potential colorectal cancer molecular markers.

Objective To explore the relationship between glycated albumin ( GA ) in 2 consecutive months and hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c) in diabetes patients.Methods Totally 100 consecutive patients with main diagnosis of diabetes mellitus were enrolled retrospectively from April 2015 to January 2016 in outpatient clinic of endocrinology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, who had undertaken GA tests every 4 weeks for 2 successive months and had HbA1c test in the second month.GA was measured with liquid enzymatic method. HbA1c was measured by ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography.The relationship between HbA1c and GA for the 2 successive months was determined.Results A total of 85 patients were enrolled.The regres-sion equation between HbA1c (y) and average GA (j) for successive 2 months was y=3.187+0.218j (adjusted R2 =0.520, P=0.000), which showed a similar effect as the regression equation for HbA1c and the levels of GA tested for the 2 successive months (adjusted R2 =0.514, P=0.000), and both had more significant regressive effect than the regression equation for HbA1c and single measurement of GA (adjusted R2 =0.392, P=0.000). Conclusions The regressive effect between HbA1c and GA (or the average of GA) in successive 2 months is bet-ter than that with single measurement of GA, hence could better predict HbA1c in clinical practice.

Brain-computerinterface(BCI) is a kind of direct channel for information communication and control established between the human brain and computer or other electronic equipment.BCI is a novel information communication system which does not depend on the conventional brain information pathways.The asynchronous brain-computer interface technology is based on alpha wave control,and can automatically switch system mode between working and idle and select the larger EEG signal associated with motion imagination.In this paper,the basic knowledge of BCI and alpha wave-based asynchronous BCI technology were introduced.The key technology and application prospect of the novel alpha wave-based asynchronous BCI technology were summarized,and the status and existing problems were analyzed.

Objective To investigate the relationship between maintaining concentration and loss of consciousness (LOC) concentration of propofol target controlled infusion (TCI) in patients undergoing heart valve replacement.Methods Thirty patients undergoing elective heart valve replacement were enrolled to receive propofol by ladder plasma TCI for anesthesia induction,8 males and 22 females.The initial plasma concentration (Cp) of propofol was set to 1.0 μg/ml,0.3 μg/ml Cp was increased every 1 min until LOC when the prediction effect-cite concentration (Ce) reached 0.5 μg/ml,then sufentanil 0.8-1.0 μg/kg and rocuronium 0.6-0.9 mg/kg were given for intubation.When BIS reached 50,Cp was decreased to the level of Ce.All the surgeries were performed under hypothermia CPB.MAP,HR,CVP,CO,SV,SVR,BIS,propofol Cp and Ce values were recorded at baseline (T0),LOC (T1),BIS reached 50 (T2),and other time points during operation (T3-T9).The correlation analysis between propofol Ce at LOC and perioperative variables were completed.Results In correlation analysis,there was a significant positive correlation between propofol Ce at LOC and baseline CO,SV (P<0.01),there was a significant negative correlation between propofol Ce at LOC and age (P<0.05),there was a significant positive correlation between propofol Ce at LOC and propofol Ce at T2-T9(P<0.01).Conclusion In patients undergoing valvular replacement,the Ce of propofol at maintenance are related to the concentration of propofol at LOC,which is helpful for adjusting the Ce of propofol at maintenance according to the Ce of propofol at LOC.

BACKGROUND: Chitosan is one of the most significant non-viral vector materials with the advantages of outstanding biocompatibility. Quarternary chitosan derivatives can improve transfection efficiency and solubility of chitosan in a broader range of pH values. OBJECTIVE: To synthesize a new vector of quarternary chitosan and to study its complex conditions with plasmid and transfection efficiency compared with chitosan. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A contrast observational study was performed in Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University between August and October 2008. MATERIALS: Quarternary chitosan was synthesized in Polymer Materials Lab of Beijing Institute of Technology. Plasmid pEGFP-C1 was presented friendly by Mr. Zheng of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University. Hela cells were provided by Miss. Cheng of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University. METHODS: Quarternary chitosan was prepared according to mass concentration of 0.2 g/L, pH value 5.5 (or 6.9, 7.6) and sodium acetate concentration of 50 mmol/L, and rapidly mixed with pEGFP-C1. The mixture was swirled for 15-30 second and stood at room temperature for 30 minutes at least. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The impacts of pH values and time on complex ability of quarternary chitosan and plasmid were studied by gel retardation test. Transfection efficiency of quarternary chitosan on Hela cells was observed by inversed fluorescence microscope and also compared with chitosan. RESULTS: Quarternaty chitosan could form complex with plasmid in acidic, neutral and basic conditions. It could be used in a broader range of pH values. In an acidic condition, the combination of quarternary chitosan with plasmid was superior to chitosan. A stable complex was formed via a combination of quarternary chitosan or chitosan with plasmid within 30 minutes, and the stability lasted for 12 hours. Transfection efficiency of quarternary chitosan on Hela cells demonstrated that transfection efficiency of quarternary chitosan was superior to chitosan. CONCLUSION: Quarternary chitosan has a broader range in use and higher transfection efficiency than chitosan; however, there is no significant difference in stability between quarternary chitosan and chitosan. Additionally, transfection efficiency of quarternary chitosan on Hela cells is superior to chitosan, which needs a further research.

Objective To explore achieving the consistent method of blood lipid examination by comparing the results of 5 dif-ferent blood lipid detection system commonly used in the use of refernce method to assign freach blood serum before and af-ter calibration.Methods Used the indoor quality control total variation (CV%)to evaluate the 5 blood lipid examination system of the imprecision.Referenced the United States Clinical and Laboratory Standardization Institution (CLSI)9A2 EP program,compared with 54 fresh blood serum in 5 commonly used examination system of Total Cholesterol (TC)and Tri-glyceride (TG),and then estimated the bias between the different detection systems and mean value.8 of the samples were determined by the reference method and estimate the bias of different system.The fresh frozen serum samples assigned by reference method were used to evaluate the above examination system,then compare and estimate the bias again with the same 54 fresh serum samples.Compared the variation of 54 samples in different detection system before and after calibra-tion.Results The TG imprecision of 5 examination system were between 3.76%~23.65%,the TC imprecision between 2.19%~23.43%,that mean the results were good,the r value of TG were between 0.996 7~0.999 6 and the TC were 0.956 2~0.996 7.But there were obvious differences between the results of the systems,and the biggest difference were 14.72%~34.21% in TG and 3.11%~14.57% in TC.After use the serum assignment by reference method,the variation of the systems has been significantly decreased.Conclusion Using the reference method to assign the fresh serum of different blood lipid detection system can effectively improve the consistency of the results.