Objective To investigate the influence of Ondansetron on postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)in patient undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy with general anesthesia and the nursins care. Methods Ninety patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy with general anesthesia were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=30):low-dose Ondansetron group(O1 group)received 4 mg Ondansetron before section,high-dose Ondansetron group(O2 group)received 8 mg Ondansetron before section and the control group(C group)received normal saline.All injections were diluted to 4 ml.The number and degree of nausea and vomiting wag recorded during 24 h after operation.Results Number of patients with PONV in O1 group and O2 group were less than that of C group,P＜0.05,so was the PONV degree.No statistical difference was seen between O1 group and O2 group.Conclusion Intravenous injection of Ondansetron during operation can decrease the PONV in patient undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy with general anesthesia.

Objective To summarize the application of ruyi jinhuang powder dissolved in ethanol in the treatment of chemotherapeutic phlebitis induced by indwelling needle. Methods 88 cases of patients with chemotherapeutic phlebitis were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 44 cases in each group. The observation group was given wet compress using ruyi jinhuang powder dissolved in ethanol, while the control group used hot towels of 40 to 50℃. The treatment effect was compared between the two groups. Results The treatment effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group. Conclusions Treatment of chemotherapeutic phlebitis using wet compress with tracditional Chinese medicine showed significant effect, which is an effective method in the treatment of chemotherapeutic phlebitis induced by indwelling needle.

significant for the precaution of gastric cancer risk population. Aims:To explore gastric cancer susceptibility gene profiling in an area in Shanghai,and to assess the risk of gastric cancer susceptibility. Methods:A total of 152 patients with primary gastric cancer at Shanghai Pudong Hospital were enrolled,and 152 demographic characteristics matched patients with non-gastrointestinal diseases,non-tumor were served as controls. Gene polymorphism was determined by allele specific polymerase chain reaction. Susceptibility gene of gastric cancer was screened. Multiple genes interactions were analyzed and multiple genes risk was evaluated by DEMCHUK model. Results:Univariate analysis showed that CYP2E1,NAT2M1,NAT2M2,NAT2,XRCC1194,MTHFRA1298C,VDR TaqⅠ were susceptibility genes of gastric cancer. Multivariate analysis showed that CYP2E1(C1/ C1),NAT2M1(T/ T),NAT2M2(A/ A),XRCC1194( T/ T)and MTHFRA1298C(A/ C)were susceptibility genotypes. Synergistic effect was found between genes except MTHFRA1298C (A/ C)with NAT2M1(T/ T)and NAT2M2(A/ A)(P ﹤0. 05). Multiple genes risk analysis showed that combination OR of multiple genes was highly correlated with gene frequency,and the risk of gastric cancer was increased with the increasing number of susceptibility genes. Conclusions:CYP2E1(C1/ C1),NAT2M1(T/ T),NAT2M2( A/ A),XRCC1194( T/ T) and MTHFRA1298C( A/ C) are susceptibility genotypes of gastric cancer. Carrying multiple susceptibility genes can significantly increase the risk of gastric cancer.

Objective: To investigate the preliminary screening results of Alzheimer's disease (AD) among the elderly in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide insights into prevention and control of AD in the elderly. Methods: A multi-stage stratified proportional sampling method was used to select the registered residents aged 60 years and older in Ningbo City as subjects. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, physical conditions and social activities of the subjects was evaluated with questionnaires. AD was screened using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and factors affecting the positive rate of AD preliminary screening were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 34 027 elderly residents were investigated, with an mean age of (71.71±6.89) years. There were 15 115 males (44.42%) and 18 912 females (55.58%), 16 146 residents living in rural areas (47.45%) and 17 881 residents living in urban areas (52.55%). The positive rate of AD preliminary screening was 7.28% (2 476 cases). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (70 to 74 years, OR=1.357; 75 to 79 years, OR=1.807; 80 to 84 years, OR=2.782; 85 years and older, OR=4.907), gender (female, OR=1.118), residence (urban areas, OR=0.713), marital status (unmarried, OR=3.078; widowed/separated/divorced, OR=1.301), educational level (primary school, OR=0.629; junior high school and above, OR=0.609), occupation before retirement (others, OR=0.741), family genetic history (no, OR=0.651), household disposable monthly income (1 000 to 1 999 Yuan, OR=0.636; 2 000 to 2 999 Yuan, OR=0.569; 3 000 Yuan and above, OR=0.448), exercise (seldom, OR=0.855; regular, OR=0.780), number of chronic diseases (2~5, OR=1.328), hearing loss (no, OR=0.764), smell loss (no, OR=0.615), chronic constipation (no, OR=0.696), major negative life events (no, OR=0.804), subjective memory loss (no, OR=0.583), sleep quality (general, OR=0.640; good, OR=0.616), living style (living with spouse, OR=0.300; living alone, OR=0.315; living with children, OR=0.350) and social activities (2-3 times/week, OR=0.584; 4 times/week and more, OR=0.409) were factors affecting the positive rate of AD preliminary screening. Conclusions The positive rate of AD preliminary screening among the elderly in Ningbo City is relatively high. Age, gender, economic conditions, exercise, social activities and physical conditions were factors affecting the positive rate of AD preliminary screening.

ObjectiveTo analyze the serum creatinine level among apparently healthy primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia and explore the distribution of serum creatinine by ethnic,regional,gender and age,and establish the reference interval of serum creatinine in different gender and different age groups of primary and secondary school students.MethodsLargesample clinical epidemiological investigation was applied by two-stage clustering sampling method.Random sample of 2630 primary and secondary school students from 9 to 18-year-old was selected from four district in Inner Mongolia including Hohhot,Wulanchabu,Xilin Gol and Bayan Drow from July 2009 to June 2010.After screening outlier individual,the total of 2614 subjects were enrolled,involving 1288 male and 1326 female subjects,1584 Han and1030 Mongolian.The venous blood was collected and serum was separated.The serum creatinine concentration was measured as soon as possible.Furthermore, creatinine levels of different regions,ethnic,gender and age group were compared by analysis of variance or t-test and that of different group were compared by SNK method.Percentile was used to describe the distribution of serum Cr level of different age groups.The reference interval of serum Cr for primary and secondary school students were established by gender and age (P2.5 -P97.5 ).The curve was smoothed using age-specific percentile ( LMS )curve smoothing method.ResultsThe differences of Cr levels were statistically significant between different regions,ethnic,gender and age groups.The reference intervals of creatinine for 9 - 11,12,13 - 14,15,and 16 - 18 year-old males were 35 - 66,37 - 73,39 - 78,47 - 87 and 49 - 91 μmol/L,respectively.The intervals for 9 - 10,11 - 12,13 - 15,and 16 - 18 year-old females were 32 - 60,34 - 63,38 -73 and 40 -74 μmol/L,respectively.Conclusion The reference intervals of serum creatinine for health primary and secondary school students in the Inner Mongolia is established,which is useful for clinicians,especially pediatricians to judge and assess renal function for 9 to 18 year-old patients.( Chin J Lab Med,2012,35:805-809 )

Objective Toexplore the correlation of ApoE gene polymorphism and serum uric acid levels in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region , China.Methods A case-control study.October 2011 to November 2011, five hundred twenty eight ( 296 male, 232 female ) apparently healthy individuals were studied.Questionnaires and physical examinations were performed by standard operation procedure.Fasting blood was collected for biochemistry testing including serum lipid parameters , uric acid concentration and creatinine levels.The multi-ARMS PCR was applied to determine ApoE genotypes ,and the relation of ApoE genotypes with serum lipid parameters and uric acid levels were analyzed.Non-normal distribution were compared using cause and inspection.Results The common six kinds of ApoE genotype can be detected.The total cholesterol ( TC) ,low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C) and uric acid ( UA) levels in different genotype subgroups had statistical differences.The individuals with ε2/3 genotype had a significantly greater reductions in TC and LDL-C levels but increment in uric acid concentration than those withε3/3 and ε3/4 genotype (P<0.05).The effect of ApoE gene polymorphism on uric acid levels still remained significantly after adjustment for age , gender , region and other factors.Conclusion The ApoE polymorphism is associated with serum uric acid levels and individuals with ε2 allele have higher serum uric acid levels.

Objective To validate the performance of six enzymatic glycated albumin reagents and evaluate their clinical application.Methods The performance of six enzymatic glycated albumin reagents(labled as A,B,C,D,E,F) from Beijing Jiuqiang Co, Beijing Lideman Co,Ningbomeikang Co, Beijing Haomai Co, Sichuan Maike Co and Asahi Kasei Co were assessed on Olympus AU5800 automatic biochemistry analyzer.According to the standard of CLSI,the precision,interference and linear correlation of these reagents were assessed.To assess the accuracy of GA% ,we used GA standard material whose value had been assigned using ID-LC/MS method provided by ReCCS.To do the method comparison and determine the consistency of assay, 50 fresh serum samples of T2DM outpatient and 80 fresh serum samples of apparently healthy people in Jan 2016 were tested using six kits.According to the EP28-A3C protocol, the reference range for GA%was validated in 122 apparently healthy individuals undertaking medical examination from January to February 2016 in PUMC.Results The precision,and the ability of anti-interference of the six reagents were good.The accuracy percentage deviation of six reagents was-19.3%-9.2%.The correlation coefficient of domestic reagents A to E and imported reagents F in the determination of GA% was 0.966-0.999, the average absolute bias was 7.0%-10.4%.The coincidence rate of A-E and F in determining abnormal GA% was between 88.5% and 96.9%.The coincidence rate was increased after switching to the reference range for preliminary clinical evaluation.Conclusion Six GA enzymatic kits used in automatic biochemical analyzer have high precision and strong anti-interference ability.Accuracy still needs to be improved.

Objective To investigate the interference of thyroglobulin antibodies ( TgAb ) on the measurement of thyroglobulin ( Tg) by 2 chemiluminescence immunoassays ( CLIAs) .Methods Data of 199 315 individuals with determined TgAb and Tg , including physical checkup subjects , differentiated thyroid carcinoma ( DTC) patients and patients with other diseases , were retrospectively collected in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 2012 to April 2015.The correlation between serum Tg level and serum TgAb concentration was analyzed and the positive rate of TgAb in physical checkup subjects was calculated.Furthermore, 290 serum samples with different TgAb concentration were applied in the recovery test by adding in confirmed serum Tg .The correlation between the recovery of confirmed serum Tg and TgAb concentrations was evaluated using Pearson correlation analysis .Results The serum Tg was all decreased with the elevated TgAb concentration in each group of subjects .The positive rate of TgAb was 10.84%(8 416/77 634) in physical checkup subjects .It was higher in females than in males and was increased with age.Recovery test showed that the average recoveries of confirmed serum Tg in TgAb-negative serum were 107.28%(86.30%-117.60%) and 107.94% (85.60%-124.10%) respectively in Roche and Beckman systems.But in TgAb-positive serum samples , the average recoveries in Roche and Beckman systems were 88.59% (35.85% -141.53%) and 95.77% (36.48% -131.78%) respectively, and 12.63%(24/190) and 13.68%(26/190) samples displayed a recovery less than 80%.The recovery rate of confirmed serum Tg showed a significantly negative correlation with elevated TgAb concentration , with r=-0.239 (P=0.001) in Roche and r=-0.251 (P<0.001) in Beckman.Conclusions TgAb-positive serum, especially with high concentration of TgAb , significantly interfered the measurement of Tg .Thus, serum TgAb should be determined together with serum Tg to explore whether there was an interference .To avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate therapy , clinician should be informed once serum TgAb displayed positive.

Formation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network requires homotypic membrane fusion, which involves a class of atlastin (ATL) GTPases. Purified Drosophila ATL is capable of mediating vesicle fusion in vitro, but such activity has not been reported for any other ATLs. Here, we determined the preliminary crystal structure of the cytosolic segment of Drosophila ATL in a GDP-bound state. The structure reveals a GTPase domain dimer with the subsequent three-helix bundles associating with their own GTPase domains and pointing in opposite directions. This conformation is similar to that of human ATL1, to which GDP and high concentrations of inorganic phosphate, but not GDP only, were included. Drosophila ATL restored ER morphology defects in mammalian cells lacking ATLs, and measurements of nucleotide-dependent dimerization and GTPase activity were comparable for Drosophila ATL and human ATL1. However, purified and reconstituted human ATL1 exhibited no in vitro fusion activity. When the cytosolic segment of human ATL1 was connected to the transmembrane (TM) region and C-terminal tail (CT) of Drosophila ATL, the chimera still exhibited no fusion activity, though its GTPase activity was normal. These results suggest that GDP-bound ATLs may adopt multiple conformations and the in vitro fusion activity of ATL cannot be achieved by a simple collection of functional domains.
Animals ; Dimerization ; Drosophila ; Drosophila Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; chemistry ; GTP Phosphohydrolases ; chemistry ; genetics ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; Guanosine Diphosphate ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary

Objective To assess the interference by calcium dobesilatein 7 peroxidase-baseduric acid assays and to determine its clinical significance.Methods In the in vitro experiments, uric acid in pooled serum with final concentrations of calcium dobesilate additions (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64μg/ml) were measured by 7 peroxidase-based assays.Percent Bias (%) was calculated relative to the drug-free specimen.In the in vivo experiments, changes in serum uric acid and calcium dobesilate concentrations were observed before and after calcium dobesilate administration ( baseline, 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h ) involunteers.The interference in different assays was assessed compared with LC-IDMS/MS method. Calcium dobesilate levels in 40 specimens from those taking calcium dobesilate were measured by HPLC method.Of the 40 specimens, 10 were selected to analyse the levels of uric acid by both peroxidase and UV measurement method to assess the impact in clinical status.Results In the in vitro study, concentrations of uric acid measured by 7 peroxidase-based assays were reduced by -6.3%to -21.2%compared with drug-free serum, when theconcentration of calcium dobesilate was16μg/ml.In the in vivo study, comparedto UA levels at 0 h, the biasesof serum uric acid determined by peroxidase method after calcium dobesilate administration(1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h) were of -3.33%, -6.79%, -7.49%, -6.07%, -4.09%, respectively.The observed uric acid concentrations for 8 participants measured by enzymatic assays were inhibited by -3.75% to -6.89% at 0 hour and by -16.9% to-22.22% at 2 hours relative to the concentrations measured by the LC-IDMS/MS method. Conclusions Calcium dobesilate produced a clinically significant negative interference with uric acid in all peroxidase-based uric acid assays,which may result in false evaluation of uric acid level in clinical status.Significant differences in the degree of interference were observed among the assays.