The planned digital textbook Human Parasitology, the first of its kind, published by People's Medical Publishing House is an important medical education effort that features the inte-gration of digital resources. This paper introduces the digital textbook construction goal, namely using paper-based textbook for five-year undergraduates as blueprint to reasonably display the digital re-sources based on the features of the discipline. The advantages of this digital approach over traditional paper-based textbook in demonstrating parasitic morphology, lifecycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis, epi-demiology and control are discussed. Valuable experiences in planning and constructing this digital textbook are to be shared.

This paper discussed the characteristics,contents and implementation of quality education of medical students during basic education.

To direct at the weak points in traditional teaching,teaching methods have been reformed in human parasitology.This article discusses practice in teaching reform of human parasitology.

Objective　To investigate the relationship between P300 of auditory event-related potential (ERP) and age, sex in healthy people. Methods　Auditory P300 was tested in 60 healthy people of different ages and the results were analyzed by t-test and the linear correlation. Results　The peak-latency (PL) and amplitude (Amp) of P300 were significantly different between the less than 59-year-old group and the more than 60-year-old group. For all subjects tested, age had positive linear correlation with PL of P300 and negative linear correlation with Amp of P300. There is no significantly sex difference in healthy people. Conclusion　There is influence of age on auditory P300. The PL is increased and the Amp is decreased with aging.

OBJECTIVETo study the value of Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in diagnosing the severity and cardiovascular function of the critically ill children. Method A total of 178 patients who were older than 28 days, with acute infection of respiratory or neurological system, excluding chronic or special disease, and admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Hunan Children's Hospital from October 1, 2013 to April 30, 2014 were enrolled, including 102 male cases and 76 female cases. The ages ranged from 1 month to 13 years and 1 month, 78 of them were less than 1 year old ; 58 cases were between 1 to 3 years old; 42 cases were above 3 years old; 101 cases were diagnosed as respiratory system diseases, 77 cases had nervous system diseases. PTX3 was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) within 1 d after enrollment, at 3 days and 7 days, meanwhile, troponin, myocardial enzyme, brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma calcitonin (PCT) and WBC etc. Were measured. According to the plasma PTX3 value which were measured within 24 h after enrollment the patients were divided into three groups: mildly elevated group (< 44 µg/L) 41 cases; moderately elevated group (44 - < 132 µg/L) in 66 cases; severely elevated group 71 cases (132 µg/L or higher). Those 178 patients were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of infection: non-sepsis group (78 cases), sepsis group (70 cases), severe sepsis group (30 cases), and in each group, those with heart failure were respectively 19 cases, 28 cases, 17 cases. Analysis of the plasma PTX3 expression changes in different clinical manifestations, different condition, different degrees of organ damages and prognosis for the patient. The continuous variables were analyzed with t-test, F-test, H-test, the categorical variables were analyzed with Chi-square test, and the correlation analysis was performed to calculate Pearson coefficients.

RESULTThe PTX3 value measured within 24 h after enrollment increased with the degree of infection (50. 4(35. 2,70. 4) µg/L; 175. 8 (99. 6, 309. 9) µg/L;419. 9 (168. 3, 468. 6) µg/L; H = 88. 345, P = 0. 000). PTX3 level gradually declined, while in severe sepsis group decreased slowly (P <0. 05); the area under the ROC curve of Plasma PTX3 was larger than that of other inflammatory markers such as CRP and PCT, white blood cells and neutrophils in the diagnosis of sepsis; while the former three are PTX3, PCT and CRP (the sensitivity and specificity respectively were 0. 77, 0. 68; 0. 66, 0. 6; 0. 47, 0. 55); the PTX3 value of the severely elevated group was significantly higher than those of the mildly and moderately elevated groups (P <0. 05). The proportion of having 3 or more organs failure increased as the PTX3 rising among the groups of mildly elevated group, moderately elevated group and severely elevated group (1(2. 4%), 4(6. 1%), 14(19. 7%) χ2 =16. 16,P = 0. 000); and in each group, the proportion of having good and poor prognosis for these three groups were different (33 (80.5%) and 8 (19. 5%), 35 (53%) and 31 (47%), 28 (39.4%) and 43 (60.6%), χ = 17. 663, P = 0. 000). The K-M curve for these three groups had statistically significant difference (χ2 = 7. 086, P = 0. 029). Those with heart failure had higher PTX3 value than those in non-heart failure at the same degree of infection. PTX3 value increased with myocardial enzyme (troponin, creatine kinase isoenzyme, BNP) levels. In the diagnosis of heart failure, the area under the ROC curve were respectively PTX3 0. 824; BNP 0. 772; CM-KB 0. 643; CNTIO. 671, the sensitivity and specificity were PTX3 0. 8, 0. 58; CK-MB 0. 56,0. 79; CTNI 0. 60,0. 69; BNP 0. 73, 0. 58. In terms of predicting the prognosis of sepsis with heart failure complications, the PTX3 value's area under ROC curve was larger than that of BNP (respectively 0. 844, 0. 472).

CONCLUSIONThe PTX3 is an objective biochemical marker in diagnosis of sepsis; it is helpful in assessment of severity and prognosis of sepsis; it also has a certain clinical value in the assessment of sepsis cardiovascular function damage.

Adolescent ; Biomarkers ; blood ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Calcitonin ; blood ; Cardiovascular System ; physiopathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Creatine Kinase ; blood ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; blood ; Prognosis ; Protein Precursors ; blood ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sepsis ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Serum Amyloid P-Component ; analysis ; Troponin ; blood

0.05). Conclusion Combined inplantation of different types of DES is safe and does not increase the incidence of MACE.

Aim To investigate total flavones of epimedium (TFE) modulation of glycine-activated current (IGly) in acutely dissociated rat spinal dorsal horn neurons. Method Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used. Result TFE inhibited IGly reversibly in a concentration-dependent manner. It shifted the concentration-response relationship to the right without altering the maximum response and Hill coefficient of the IGly. TFE did not change the ion selectivity of glycine receptor either. Conclusion These results indicate that TFE directly inhibited the glycine receptor response by decreasing the affinity of glycine to its receptor.

Objective To prepare a monoclonal antibody(McAb) against Trichinella spiralis (T.s) adult and study its protective immunity. Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with soluble antigens of 3 day adult of T.s. Immnuized spleen cells of BALB/c mice were fused with myeloma cells sp2/0. The hybridoma culture supernatant was isotyped by the Ouchterlony double diffusion technique and the specificity of the McAb was determined by immunoblotting. The protective immunity of the McAb was detected after challenging the mice by the intravenous way. Results A McAb against T.s adult was obtained. The titer of culture fluid and ascetic fluid was 1∶6 400 and 1∶204 800, respectively. This McAb was identified as IgM. Western blotting results showed this McAb can be used to identify 40 000 protein of adult worm, muscle larvae and newborn larvae of T.s. No cross reactions with antigens of Ascaris suum Goeze, Taenia solium Linnaeus, Echinococcus granulosus and Schistosoma were oberserved. The number of muscle larvae was decreased by 55.63% when giving McAb to mice intravenously. Conclusions A species specific McAb against T.s adult was established and its protective immunity was identified. This McAb can be used as a powerful tool in screening Trichinella vaccine candidates.

Plasmodium yoelii yoelii-Anopheles stephensi system was chosen as the experimental model in studying the effects of pyrimethamine on oocyst formation of the plasmodium species. The drug was given by allowing mosquitoes to feed on infected and pyrimethamine treated mice or by feeding them directly with pyrimcthamine-sugar water. The infective rate and the number of oocysts formed after drug administration were reduced, the oocysts formed being smaller and their daily growth rate slower than that of the controls. Electron microscopic and Feulgen staining studies showed that the cytoplasm of the affected oocysts contained many vacuoles, pigment aggregations and black aggre-gates (Fig. 4). No nucleus appeared in the affected oocysts, which were presumably deteriorated and became "black spores". The amount of DNA in drug-affected oocysts was scanty. No sporozoites were found in the salivary glands of these mosquitoes. It was suggested that pyrimethamine interfered with DNA synthesis of oocysts.

Objective To explore the value of P_ 300 in early diagnosis of vascular dementia (VD) and possibility of P_ 300 in the differential diagnosis between VD and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS) and P_ 300 of oddball auditory evoked model were performed in 20 normal controls,20 patients with VD,24 patients with cerebral infarction without dementia (CI) and 20 patients with AD.Results The peak latency (PL) of target N_2 and P_3 in VD group was obviously longer than those in CI and NC groups,the difference was dramatic(all P