Objective To study the therapeutic effect of vertebral pillar block insertion through vertebral pedicle in treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures. Methods The study involved 23patients (25 vertebrae and 47 vertebral pillar blocks) with thoracolumbar vertebral fractures treated with vertebral pillar block insertion through vertebral pedicle in our hospital from March 2008 to July 2009.There were two patients with T11 fractures, nine with T12 fractures, seven with L1 fractures and five with L2 fractures (four patients were treated with decompression by fenestration between vertebral plates and vertebral pedicle fixation with vertebral pillar block). Surgical operation, operation duration, blood loss during operation, postoperative and follow-up X-ray films were observed, and the ratio of anterior vertebral height and normal height, degree of Cobb angle correction and early postoperative recovery were determined. Results Twenty-three patients were followed up for 7-16 months (mean 12.5 months),which showed little postoperative vertebral height loss and significantly improved postoperative anterior vertebral compression rate and the Cobb angle (P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusions Vertebral pillar block can effectively restore the mechanical properties of vertebral bodies, reduce further loss of vertebral height,kyphosis reproduction and other complications and take advantages of shorter operative time, less bleeding, faster recovery and better adaptation to the biological fixation in treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures.

Objective To investigate the expression of miR?126, miR?355 and exportin?5 in lung cancer. Methods The cancer tissue and the tissue adjacent to carcinoma of 47 cases of patients with lung cancer was used to detect the expression of miR?126, miR?355 and Exportin?5 by the real?time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results Significant difference of the expression of miR?126 (t=2.02,P=0.03) and exportin?5 (t=4.62,P<0.01) was observed in lung cancer tissue and tissue adjacent to carcinoma. Mature miR?126 and pri?miR?126 (R=0.309 , P = 0.044) had a negative correlation in the tissue adjacent to carcinoma. In the cancer tissue,miR?126 and MRP (R=0.432, P=0.019), miR?335 and k167 (R=0.410, P=0.033) were positively correlated, however, exportin?5 and TOPO (R=0.357, P=0.045), the pri?miR?126 and drinking (R=0.340, P=0.024), the pri?miR?126 and MRP (R=0.427, P=0.027) had a negative correlation relationship. Conclusion Expression of miR?126 and exportin?5 was decreased in lung cancer tissue, which may contribute to the occurrence and development of lung cancer.

OBJECTIVEUsing the carbon tetrachloride liver cirrhosis rat model, the protective effect of the green tea extractive (GTE) on the liver cirrhosis was studied.

METHODSMale SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal group, GTE group and cirrhosis group. The GTE group and the cirrhosis group were injected subcutanuously 2 times/wk over 9 weeks with 40% CCl(4). In the second and the ninth week, the rats were sacrificed to measure MDA and hydroxyproline concentrations and TGF-beta(1) mRNA expression in liver tissue, as well as to conduct histological examination on various organs.

RESULTSCompared with the cirrhosis group, the MDA and the hydroxyproline concentrations in the GTE group were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The liver necrosis and cirrhosis were extenuated in the GTE group by means of histologic examination. The expression of the TGF-beta(1) mRNA was reduced significantly in the GTE group.

CONCLUSIONDietary supplementation of GTE can protect against CCl(4)-induced liver damage and cirrhosis in rats.

Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; toxicity ; Chronic Disease ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tea ; chemistry ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; genetics ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

Objective: To investigate the status of the development of primary teeth and to identify the development patterns among infants and toddlers in nine cities of China in 2015. Methods: Healthy children aged 1-<36 months were investigated by across-sectional survey and retrospective studies, which was carried out in 9 cities (Beijing, Harbin and Xi′an in northern China; Shanghai, Nanjing and Wuhan in central China; and Guangzhou, Fuzhou and Kunming in southern China) from June to October in 2015. Subjects (n=103 995) were divided into 14 age groups (1-<2, 2-<3, 3-<4, 4-<5, 5-<6, 6-<8, 8-<10, 10-<12, 12-<15, 15-<18, 18-<21, 21-<24, 24-<30, 30-<36 months). There were 150-200 boys and girls respectively in each group of urban and suburb areas in each city. The eruption status and the number of primary teeth were examined by the trained child health care physician or pediatrician on the spot. The timing of primary teeth eruption of children was retrospectively surveyed using a questionnaire. The prevalence of primary teeth was calculated and χ² test was used for comparison of categorical data. Probit regression analysis was used to determine the median and percentile age of eruption of primary teeth. Results: Totally 103 995 children aged 1-<36 months were investigated. There were 52 346 children in urban areas (boys 26 228, girls 26 118) and 51 649 children in suburb areas (boys 25 912, girls 25 737). The eruption rate of primary teeth in children under 2 years became higher with age and the difference among each age group was statistically significant (χ²=85 913.868, P<0.01), which was 0.3% (22/7 450) in 3-<4 months group, 43.0% (3 227/7 503) in 6-<8 months group and 99.9% (7 441/7 446) in 15-<18 months group. The eruption age of primary teeth was 6.6 months (95%CI: 6.5-6.7 months), and the range of the 3rd to 97th percentile was 4.1-10.6 months. The eruption ages of primary teeth in urban and suburb areas children were 6.6 months (95%CI: 6.5-6.7 months) and 6.6 months (95%CI: 6.5-6.7 months) respectively. The eruption age of primary teeth was earlier in boys (6.4 months, 95%CI: 6.3-6.5 months) than that in girls (6.7 months, 95%CI: 6.6-6.8 months). The median eruption age of primary teeth was earlier in northern China (6.2 months) than that in central (6.7 months) and southern China (6.9 months). The eruption rate of primary teeth became higher with age, showing that the median number of primary teeth was 2 in 8-<10 months group, 8 in 12-<15 months group and 20 in 30-<36 months group. Conclusions The timing of eruption of primary teeth was similar between urban and suburb areas children and that of the boys was slightly earlier than that of the girls. There were slight differences among different regions in the eruption timing of primary teeth. The range of the 3rd to 97th percentile in the eruption age of primary teeth was 4.1-10.6 months and the number of primary teeth followed the regular development pattern with age.

Objective: To analyze the current situation of gross motor development of infants in nine cities of China and their relationship with physical growth. Methods: Healthy full-term infants aged 1-24 months were investigated by cross-sectional survey, which was carried out in nine cities (Beijing, Harbin, Xi'an in northern, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan in central, and Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Kunming in southern regions of China) from June to October in 2015. Subjects were grouped into 12 age groups (1-<2, 2-<3, 3-<4, 4-<5, 5-<6, 6-<8, 8-<10, 10-<12, 12-<15, 15-<18, 18-<21, 21-<24 months). Gross motor development of infants was examined by fieldworkers and the information on parental education, family income and birth status were obtained by questionnaire. Weight, length and head circumference was measured by fieldworkers according to standard methods in the fields and their Z scores were calculated by using WHO growth standard. Z scores of weight (WZ), length (LZ) and head circumference (HCZ) <-2 s was considered as lower group, -2 s-<-1 s as medium-lower group, -1 s-1 s as medium group, 1 s-<2 s as medium-higher group and ≥2 s as higher group. The age of gross motor development was calculated by Probit regression analysis and χ² test was used for comparison of categorical data. Results: (1) The number of infants whose gross motor development was examined were 88 968 in the nine cities. The proportion of achievement of motor development became larger with the chronological age, i.e. it was 11.1% (800/7 236) at 5-<6 months, 65.2% (4 921/7 545) at 6-<8 months and 98.5% (7 417/7 531) at 8-<10 months for sitting alone without support. There was no gender difference in the proportion of achievement of sitting alone without support, hand-knee crawl, stand alone and walk alone (χ²=2.873, 0.275, 0.250, 0.576, all P>0.05). (2) The median age of achievement of sitting alone without support, hand-knee crawl, stand alone, walk alone was respectively 5.9, 7.8, 10.8, 13.0 months, and their ranges from 1^st to 99^th percentile were respectively 4.2-8.3 months, 4.9-12.6 months, 7.6-15.4 months, 9.8-17.4 months. The gender difference of median age of gross motor development was 0.0-0.1 months and their regional difference was 0.0-0.7 months. (3) In the lower weight group, their median age of sitting alone without support and walk alone were 0.2-0.6 months later than the medium weight group, while their median age of hand-knee crawl and stand alone were similar to those of the medium weight group. In higher weight group, the median age of sitting alone without support and stand alone were similar to that of the medium weight group, while their median age of hand-knee crawl was 0.3 later months and their median age of walk alone was 0.3 months earlier than that of the medium weight group. There was no significant relationship between length and the age of sitting alone or standing alone (the difference was 0.0-0.2 months in each group). The median age of hand-knee crawl and walk alone was 0.4-0.7 months later in lower length group than in other length groups. The median age of gross motor development was similar among different head circumference groups (0.0-0.2 months). The relationship between weight/length and motor development was similar to that between weight and motor development. Conclusions There were no gender difference and slightly regional difference in the age of achievement of gross motor skills. The percentile age of gross motor skills helps to understand the population variation in healthy infants. The gross motor development is related with weight, length and body proportion.

Objective To analyze the breastfeeding rate of children under two years of age in nine cities of China in 2015 and variations in breastfeeding patterns from 1985 to 2015. Methods All data were collected from a series of national cross-sectional surveys "National Growth Survey of Children under Seven Years Old in Nine Cities of China" (urban and suburban areas of Beijing, Haerbin, Xi'an, Wuhan, Nanjing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Fuzhou and Kunming) conducted from each May to October in 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2015. Stratified cluster sampling was used to select healthy children at least 150 in each subpopulation. Feeding patterns within 24 h prior to investigation were analyzed through face-to-face interviews using a self-made questionnaire. The rates of exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding and formula feeding were described as composition ratios. The difference between urban and suburban areas was analyzed by Chi-square test and the weaning age was calculated with a Probit model. Results (1) In 2015, the exclusive breastfeeding rate for infants under six months of age was 48.8% (9 143/18 722) in urban areas and 48.4% (8 652/17 878) in suburban areas, and the breastfeeding rates at one and two years old were 36.1% (1 351/3 746) and 5.8% (211/3 668) in urban areas and 29.9% (1 128/3 776) and 4.3% (157/3 683) in suburbs. The differences of breastfeeding patterns in ≥1-<2, ≥2-<3, ≥ 3-<4, ≥ 5-<6, ≥ 10-<12, ≥ 12-<15, ≥ 18-<21 and ≥ 21-<24 months of age were all significantly between suburbs and urban areas (χ2=8.575-36.299, all P<0.01). The age at weaning age was 9.4 months and 9.3 months in urban and suburban areas, respectively. (2) From 1985 to 2005, breastfeeding rates showed a decreasing trend, especially in suburban areas where the exclusive breastfeeding rate for infants under six months of age decreased from 60.2% (8 898/14 780) to 42.5% (6 487/15 261) and the continuous breastfeeding rate decreased from 60.1% (2 164/3 600) to 27.6% (783/2 838) at the age of one and from 8.9% (320/3 600) (in 1995) to 3.0% (85/2 850) in 2015 at the age of two. However, from 2005 to 2015, breastfeeding rates were on the rise, especially in urban areas in which the exclusive breastfeeding rate for infants under six months of age increased from 32.8% (5 176/15 782) to 48.8% (9 143/18 722) and the continuous breastfeeding rates at one and two years old respectively increased from 17.0% (499/2 940) to 36.1% (1 351/3 746) and from 1.2% (34/2 856) to 5.8% (211/3 668). Conclusions There are great changes in breastfeeding patterns for Chinese children in the nine cities from 1985 to 2015. In the first two decades, breastfeeding rates decreased and the duration of breastfeeding was shortened, while the last decade have seen increased breastfeeding rates and longer breastfeeding duration. The exclusive breastfeeding rate for infants under six months of age is similar in urban and suburban areas and both have reached about to 50% in 2015, which indicates fruitful results have achieved through the implementation of infant feeding strategies and related measures in China.

Objective:To establish the reference values and growth curves of weight/length, body mass index, and ponderal index for Chinese newborns with gestational ages of 24 to 42 weeks, in order to provide a reference for the assessment of body proportionality and nutritional status at birth.Methods:Cross-sectional study design was applied. From June 2015 to November 2018, a total of 24 375 singleton live birth newborns with gestational ages of 24 to 42 weeks from 13 cities including Beijing, Harbin, Xi′an, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Kunming, Tianjin, Shenyang, Changsha, and Shenzhen were selected, excluding those impacting the establishment of the reference values. The generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) was employed to establish percentile (P 3, P 10, P 25, P 50, P 75, P 90, P 97) reference values and growth curves of weight/length, body mass index, and ponderal index for male and female newborns with gestational ages of 24 to 42 weeks. The established growth standards in this study were compared with the standards from the 1988 Chinese data, the INTERGROWTH project, and the USA reference values. Results:A total of 24 375 newborns with 12 264 preterm newborns (7 042 males and 5 222 females) and 12 111 full-term newborns (6 155 males and 5 956 females) were included in this study. The percentile reference values and growth curves of weight/length, body mass index, and ponderal index were obtained for male and female newborns with gestational ages of 24 to 42 weeks. Weight/length of males in all gestational ages at P 10, P 50 and P 90 was 0 to 0.2 kg/m higher than that of females, and body mass index of males in all gestational ages at the P 10, P 50 and P 90 was 0.1 to 0.3 kg/m 2 higher than that of females. The established growth curves of weight/length and body mass index at the upper percentile and ponderal index at both upper and lower percentiles were greatly different from those of the 1988 Chinese data, which, for example, reported the difference ranges at P 90 as -1.09 to 0.40 kg/m for weight/length, -1.19 to 0.92 kg/m 2 for body mass index, and -0.64 to 0.81 kg/m 3 for ponderal index. The established weight/length curves were generally consistent with the reference values from the INTERGROWTH project with a difference of -0.17 to 0.20 kg/m at P 50, while being 0.02 to 0.40 kg/m lower at P 90 and 0.13 to 0.41 kg/m higher at P 10 than that of the INTERGROWTH reference values at gestational ages of ≤32 weeks. The established body mass index curves differed from that of the USA reference values with a difference of -0.47 to 0.17 kg/m 2 at P 50, while being 0.53 to 1.10 kg/m 2 lower at gestational ages of ≥37 weeks but 0.17 to 0.45 kg/m 2 higher at gestational ages of ≤28 weeks than that of the USA reference values at P 90. Conclusion:The establishment of the new standardized growth reference values of weight/length, body mass index, and ponderal index for Chinese newborns by different gestational ages are useful for clinical practice and scientific research.

Objective:To analyze the influential factors of stunting among children under 7 years of age in nine cities of China in order to provide empirical data for early prevention and intervention for stunting.Methods:The survey was carried out with 1∶1 case-control study design in the communities and kindergartens of nine cities (Beijing, Harbin, Xi′an, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, and Kunming) from June to November in 2016. Children of heights lower than the 3 rd percentile according to the 2009 children′s height standard in China were included as the stunting case group ( n=1 281), and those with normal height matched for geolocation, gender, and age were recruited as the control group ( n=1 281). The height and weight were measured on site, and the information related to family, perinatal status, diet and feeding, lifestyle, and medical history was collected by questionnaire. Continuous variables were compared by paired samples t test and Wilcoxon matched-pair signed ranks test, and proportions were compared by paired Chi square test. Multivariate analysis were carried out using conditional Logistic regression model. Results:Among 1 281 pairs of stunting and control group, there were 677 pairs of boys and 604 pairs of girls, with 238 pairs of children under age 3 years and 1 043 pairs of children aged 3 to 7 years. The Z scores for height and weight of stunting group were lower than that of control group (-2.27 (-2.54, -2.08) vs. -0.59 (-1.04, -0.10), -1.85 (-2.35, -1.38) vs. -0.69 (-1.20, -0.21), Z=30.982, 25.580, both P<0.01). Among family related factors, parental education level, height, weight, and height of grandparents in stunting children were all lower than those in control group (all P<0.05). Among individual related factors, proportion of preterm birth, low birth weight, shorter birth length, mother's pregnancy complications, difficulties adding milk or complementary feeding, poor appetite, slow eating, picky and partial eating, passive eating, more snack intake, shorter sleep duration, difficulty falling asleep, disturbed sleep, and recurrent infectious diseases in infant in stunting children were all higher than those in control group (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis results illustrate that the lower the parental education level and the parental height, the higher the risk of stunting. For example, the risk of stunting in children whose fathers had short stature was 6.46 times (95% CI: 2.73-15.30) of those children whose fathers′ height were medium and the risk of stunting in children whose mothers were short stature was 10.56 times (95% CI: 4.92-22.69) of those children whose mothers′ height were medium. The risks of stunting increase significantly among preterm children or those with low birth weight ( OR=2.27, 95% CI: 1.33-3.88), birth length<45 cm ( OR=3.56, 95% CI: 1.41-8.98), difficulties adding milk or complementary feeding ( OR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.32-3.15), poor appetite ( OR=3.20, 95% CI: 1.74-5.89), slow eating ( OR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.31-2.63), and food allergy ( OR=1.80, 95% CI: 1.02-3.16). Conclusion:Parental short stature, preterm birth or low birth weight, shorter birth length, feeding difficulty in infant, poor appetite, slow eating, and food allergy are the main risk factors for stunting in infants and children.

Objective To explore how to optimize management process of pressure injury for surgery patients by applying information system.Methods We built an integrated surgery patients pressure injury management information system based on chain-type process along with controlling key links and realizing monitoring in a whole process and many links for surgery patients from be hospitalized to leave hospital.This research took the surgery patients pressure injury chain-type process as a breakthrough and selected 1240 patients as subjects in experimental operating room.A total of 578 patients were in control group in May 2016 before implementing information system and 662 patients were in observation group in May 2017 after implementing information system.We compared the qualified rate of pressure injury assessment,accuracy rate of screen for patients with high-risk pressure injury and being with pressure injury,accordance rate of description in skin condition during transportation and handover,the incidence of pressure injury in hospital and surgery patients in the first stage,the second stage and above.Results The qualified rate of pressure injury assessment,accuracy rate of screen for patients with high-risk pressure injury,accordance rate of description in skin condition during transportation and handover of observation group was 99.24％,100％and 100.00％significantly higher than those of control group(P< 0.05).The incidence of pressure injury in hospital and in the first stage of surgery patients was 2.95％and 2.65％in observation group with significant differences compared with those in control group(6.51％,5.82％)(P< 0.05).Conclusions The integrated surgery patients pressure injury management information system based on chain-type process realizes a full,continuous,accurate,dynamic evaluation and monitoring for patients' skin.It can effectively improve the nursing quality of pressure injury and is convenientfor managers to carry out a continuous improvement.

Objective: To investigate the timing of permanent tooth emergence and its association with physical growth among children aged 4-7 years in 9 cities of China, and to analyze the trend of permanent teeth development. Methods: According to a stratified cluster sampling design, a cross-sectional survey on the timing of permanent tooth emergence children aged 4-7 years was carried out in 9 cities (Beijing, Harbin and Xi′an in northern China; Shanghai, Nanjing and Wuhan in central China; Guangzhou, Fuzhou and Kunming in southern China) from June to October in 2015. A total of 37 973 children (19 035 boys and 18 938 girls) were recruited and were divided into different age groups (4.0-<4.5, 4.5-5.0, 5.0-5.5 and 6.0-<7.0 years of age). The situation of the exfoliation of primary teeth and the eruption of permanent teeth were investigated. Height and weight were measured using the standardized methods. Z-scores of physical growth indicators were calculated using the growth standards for Chinese children in 2009. Probit regression analysis was used to determine the median and percentile age of transition from deciduous to permanent teeth. Chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data and t test was used for comparison of measurement data between boys and girls, urban and suburban as well as among different ages and regions. Meanwhile, the data from the national survey on physical growth and development of children under 7 years of age in 9 cities of China in 1995 were used to analyze the trends of the permanent teeth development. Results: The rate of transition from deciduous to permanent teeth in 37 973 children aged 4-7 years was higher with age, which was 0.6% (42/7 568) in 4.0-<4.5 years of age group, 30.3% (2 295/7 583) in 5.5-<6.0 years of age group, and 74.5% (5 680/7 627) in 6.0-<7.0 years of age group. The rates of transition from deciduous to permanent teeth in boys were all lower than those of girls except for children aged 4.0-<4.5 years (all P<0.01). The rate of transition from deciduous to permanent teeth in urban children was higher than that in suburban children for older than 5.5-6.0 years of age group in boys and older than 4.5-5.0 years of age group in girls, which was 74.2% (1 427/1 924) in urban boys aged 6.0-<7.0 years and 69.2% (1 305/1 885) in suburban boys aged 6.0-<7.0 years (χ²=11.446, P<0.01). The age of transition from deciduous to permanent teeth was 6.00 (95%CI: 5.98-6.01) years and the range of the 3-97 percentile was 4.88-7.11 years of age. The median permanent tooth emergence age of girls was lower than that of boys (5.94 vs. 6.06 years) and the median age of urban children was lower than that of suburban children (5.94 vs. 6.05 years). The median permanent tooth emergence age of southern Chinese children (6.05 years) was higher than that of northern (5.97 years) and central Chinese children (5.97 years). The weight for age Z-scores (WAZ), height for age Z-scores (HAZ) and body mass index for age Z-scores (BMIZ) of children with transition from deciduous to permanent teeth (0.35±1.17, 0.32±1.00, 0.23±1.16) were significantly higher than those of children without transition from deciduous to permanent teeth (0.03±1.13, 0.03±1.02, 0.04±1.13, t=20.81,21.67,12.09, all P<0.05). In comparison with the data in 1995, data in 2015 showed that the rate of transition from deciduous to permanent teeth was higher, for example, the rate of urban boys aged 6.0-<7.0 years group was 63.8% (1 146/1 796) in 1995, and increased to 74.2% (1 427/1 924) in 2015 (χ²=46.748, P<0.01). The median permanent tooth emergence age decreased by 0.24 years in 2015 as compared with that in 1995. Conclusions The development of permanent teeth is earlier in girls than in boys, earlier in urban children than in suburban children and slightly delay in southern children than in central and northern Chinese children. In addition, the development of permanent teeth, which is related to the physical growth, slightly accelerate in China during the past 20 years.