We utilized the mass-acceleration concept according to Newton'a second law of motion to establish a mathematieal model of left ventricular active diastolic force by twodimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Twenty normal control subjects and 31 patients with coronary heart diseases were tested. The results showed that the left ventricular active diastolic force of the patients with coronary heart diseases was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.001).The authors believe that left veatricular active diastolic force is a reliable candidates for assessing the left ventricular diastolic function.

Objective To observe the imaging features of primary hepatic endocrine carcinoma. Methods Three patients with primary hepatic endocrine carcinoma proven pathologically were retrospectively analyzed. Results Single liver lesion was detected in all 3 patients, 2 in right and 1 in left lobe of liver. The maximum diameter of the masses was 4.8 cm, 6.7 cm and 10.0 cm, respectively. The masses were all solid with different extent of low density. The solid part enhanced greatly in contrast enhanced CT scanning, while the non-solid part did not. The bigger lesions pushed the vascular to move aside in 2 patients. Enhanced and circuitous vascular was observed in 1 lesion. Slightly low signal was noticed on MR T1WI , while high signal was found on T2WI and DWI. Conclusion CT and MR can show specific features of primary hepatic endocrine carcinoma, i.e. usually single solid mass with various low densities inside and the solid part enhancing dramatically.

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the relationship between the thrombosis and secretory duct dilation, lesion size, clinical types, nature (primary or recurrent) and duration of illness in the development of ranula. A total of 229 cases of sublingual gland cysts were treated with surgical resection from Jan. 1990 to Feb. 2010. The patients' data were investigated on histopathological findings, size of ranula, the clinical types, nature of ranula (primary or recurrent) and duration of illness. Sections from the paraffin-embeded blocks were HE-stained. CK expression was immunohistochemically detected. Among 229 cases the incidence of venous thrombosis was 58.52%. The incidence of venous thrombosis with or without duct dilation was 73.25% and 26.39% respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.005). The incidence of venous thrombosis of ranulas with diameter larger or less than 3 cm was 72.22% and 46.28% (P<0.005). The incidence of venous thrombosis of oral ranula, plunging ranula and mixed ranula was 49.37%, 77.19% and 85.71% respectively, with a significant difference found between oral and plunging or mixed ranula (P<0.01). The incidence of venous thrombosis in ranula patients with duration of illness longer or less than 3 months was 69.77% and 51.75% (P<0.01). The incidence of venous thrombosis with recurrent and primary ranulas was 51.85% and 64.85%, without a significant difference noted between them (P>0.05). It is concluded that the formation of venous thrombosis was related to the dilation of secretory duct, lesion size, clinical types, duration of lesion but formation of venous thrombosis was not related to the nature (primary or recurrent) of ranulas.

Objective To retrospectively compare CT and MR features of hepatocellular adenoma with pathologic findings.Methods Twelve patients with histopathologically proved hepatocellular adenoma were classified on the basis of pathologic and genotype phenotype findings into four groups:steatotic type,cytological abnormality type,telangiectatic adenoma with inflammatory infiltrates type and atypical adenoma type.The CT and MR features of each type were reviewed retrospectively compared with the pathological results.Results In this retrospective study,12 patients were examined with CT (8 patients) and MR (8 patients).Among 12 patients,4 patients showed a steatotic type.One patient showed hypo-density on the non-enhanced CT and 3 patients demonstrated hypo-density on all phases of the post-contrast scans.Two lesions showed iso-intense signal on the in-phase T1 WI with signal dropout on the out-of-phase T1WI,and hypo-intense signal on the T2 WI with fat suppression sequences.One lesion demonstrated moderate hypointense signal on all phases of the post-contrast MRI scans.Two patients with the telangiectatic adenoma irflammatory infiltrates type were found.One patient showed hypo-density on the non-enhanced CT scans and hyper-density on all phases of the post-contrast CT scans.One patient demonstrated iso-intense signal and the other hypo-intense signal on the T1 WI,and both displayed moderate hyper-intense signal on the T2WI with fat suppression sequences and hyper-intense signal with gradual enhancement on all phases of post-contrast MR scans.There were 3 patients with a cytological abnormality type.One patient appeared hypodensity and 1 patient showed uniform iso-density on non-enhanced CT scans.All patients who had undergone contrast-enhanced CT scans were found to have hyper-density on the hepatic arterial-dominant phase and became slightly lower on the portal venous phase.On the delay phase the density reduced further.One mass showed iso-intense signal on the T1WI and hyper-intense signal on the T2WI with fat suppression sequences.There were 3 patients with an atypical adenoma type.One patient appeared uniform hypo-density on the nonenhanced CT and hyper-density on the hepatic arterial-dominant phase and became iso-dense on the portal venous phase.On the delay phase,it was slightly hyper-dense.Two out of the three lesions showed isointense and one hypo-intense signal on the in-phase T1 WI,and hypo-intense,hyper-intense,and iso-intense signal on the T2WI with fat suppression sequences,respectively.Two patients examined on all phases of post-contrast MRI scans.The result was similar to the CT findings.Conclusion The imaging features of hepatocellular adenoma are closely associated with pathological characteristics.

Objective To investigate the appropriate low tube current of abdominal CT on a 64-slice spiral CT. Methods (1) Phantom study:The phantom Catphan500R was scanned with a fixed 120 kVp,and 450,400,380,360,340,320,300,280 mA, respectively. 15, 9, 8, 7, 6 mm diameter low-contrast objects with 1% contrast were scanned for evaluating image quality. CT images were graded in terms of lowcontrast conspicuity by using a five-point scale. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the appropriate tube current and the interval leading to the qualitative change. (2) Clinical study: 3 groups of 45 patients who had 2 examinations of non-enhanced abdominal CT within 3 months were enrolled. All patients were scanned with 450 mA at first scanning. For the second scanning, group-1 was scanned with optimal tube current, group-2 was scanned with optimal tube current plus interval, group-3 was scanned with optimal tube current sinus interval. CT images were graded in terms of the diagnostic acceptability at three anatomic levels including porta hepatis, pancreas and the upper pole kidney, and the image noises of eight organs including abdominal aorta, portal vein, liver, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas, renal cortex, renal medulla were graded by using a five-point scale. The image quality was compared with non-parametric rank sum test,and the individual factors of the patients were compared with the A VONA. Results (1) The optimal tube current and interval leading to the qualitative change were 340 mA and 40 mA respectively. (2) There were no significant differences in image quality between 340 mA and 450 mA in group-1, between 380 mA and 450 mA in group-2 (P ＞ 0. 05). There was significant difference in image quality between 300 mA and 450 mA in group-3 (the mean scores for 300 mA were 2. 92 ± 0. 62,2.92 ± 0. 62,2.64 ± 0. 84,2. 72 ±0.82,2.63 ±0.71,2.51 ±0.84,3.04 ±0.72,3.04 ±0.72,2.63 ±0.71,2.52 ±0.73,2.93 ±0.81respectively; for 450 mA were 3.93 ± 0. 72,3.94 ± 0. 72,3.41 ± 0. 64,3.43 ± 0. 61,3.62 ± 0. 93,3.63 ±0.71,3.93 ±0.81,3.93 ±0.81,3.43 ±0.61,3.52 ±0.92,3.84 ±0.82 respectively) (Z = -2.449 to - 2. 236, P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion Radiation dose can be effectively reduced by using an appropriate and lower current of 340 mA.

ObjectiveTo explore an individualized abdominal scan protocol with a 64-slice CT scanner.MethodsFrom Sep.2010 to Nov.2010,one hundred consecutive patients,who underwent twice non-contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scans within 3 months,were enrolled in this study.For each patient,the tube current of 274 eff.mAs and 207 eff.mAs were applied respectively in the first and second abdominal scan.The imaging qualities of the two scans were evaluated retrospectively by 3 reviewers.All the individual variants,including height,weight,body mass index (BMI),the maximum transverse diameter,the anteroposterior diameter and the average maximum diameter of abdomen were recorded.A five-point scale was used for grading the image noise of eight organs,including abdominal aorta,portal vein,liver,spleen,gallbladder,pancreas,renal cortex and renal medulla. Diagnostic acceptability of CT images at three anatomic levels,including porta bepatis,pancreas and the upper pole of renal,was also evaluated by using a five-point scale.The noise value of abdominal aorta was defined as the standard deviation (SD) of CT values of aorta at the level of porta hepatis.Scatter diagram and Pearson correlation analysis were used for evaluating the linear relationship between the individual variants and the noise value of abdominal aorta,and multivariate linear regression analysis was used for evaluating the relevance between the individual variants and the noise value of aorta.ResultsIn this patients group,the average height was ( 164.6 ± 7.5 ) cm,the average weight was (64.3 ± 11.0) kg,the BMI was (23.7 ±3.3) kg/m2,the maximum transverse diameter of abdomen was(29.8 ± 2.3 )cm,the anteroposterior diameter of abdomen was (23.1 ± 2.9) cm,and the average maximum diameter of abdomen was ( 26.5 ± 2.5 ) cm.Pearson correlation analysis showed significant positive linear correlation between the noise value of abdominal aorta( 1 1.7 ± 3.0)and patients' weight ( r =0.744,P ＜ 0.01 ),BMI ( r =0.689,P ＜ 0.01 ),the maximum transverse diameter ( r =0.813,P ＜ 0.01 ),the anteroposterior diameter ( r =0.781,P ＜ 0.01 ),the average maximum diameter of the abdomen ( r =0.789,P ＜ 0.01 ) ; however,there was no positive linear correlation between the noise value of abdominal aorta and patients' height ( r =0.292,P ＜ 0.01 ). The maximum transverse diameter of abdomen is greatly related to the noise value of abdominal aorta (Beta =0.487,P ＜0.01 ).For the patient with the maximum transverse diameter of abdomen ranging from 27 to 32 cm,diagnostic acceptability of CT images at the anatomic level of porta hepatis showed statistical significance compared with the patient with the maximal transverse diameter of the abdomen greater than 32 cm or less than 27 cm (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The tube current of 207 eft.mAs is reasonable for abdominal CT scan for patients with the maximal transverse diameter of the abdomen ranging from 27 to 32 cm.

Purpose To investigate the research trends and focus in low-dose CT study at home and abroad in recent ten years according to literature distribution and growth law. Materials and Methods The papers on low-dose CT research published at home and abroad from 2003 to 2012 which were abstracted in Web of Science database were taken as study objects. Data filtering was performed by using the Thomson Data Analyzer (TDA) Version 2.1 analysis software for the trend of cooperation, institutional cooperation trends, national distribution of the papers trend, high-citations, subject distribution, hot topics and other aspects to do bibliometric analysis. Results A total number of 6725 papers on low-dose CT from 2003-2012 were abstracted by Web of Science. The average number of authors in single papers was 6.05 (cooperation rate, 95.7%), and the average number of institutions in single papers was 2.56 (cooperation rate, 73.9%), which both showed an increasing trend year by year. 318 Chinese papers were published, and the published literatures in 2012 were ranked third in the world. Papers on low-dose CT, which were published in Medical Physics, European Journal of Radiology and the American Journal of Roentgenology, had rapid growth. The research focus of low-dose CT study involved in lung cancer screening, coronary angiography, pulmonary embolism examination, CT radiation dose and so on. Conclusion CT low-dose studies involve in collaboration between multi-author, multi-institutional and multi-disciplinary. The trends and focus of low-dose CT study in China keep pace with the world, and the quality and quantity of paper need to be further improved.

Objective To evaluate the ability of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer at 3.0T MR. Methods The diffusion-weigted sequences with b=800 s/mm~2 were performed in 30 patients of pancreatic cancer confirmed pathology, and in 30 control subjects with normal pancreas as well. ADC value of the cancer, pericancerous tissue and normal pancreas were recorded and statistically analyzed with ANOVA and ROC analysis. Results The mean ADC value of cancer, pericancerous tissue and normal pancreas was(1.494±0.273)×10~(-3) mm~2/s, (1.631±0.281)×10~(-3) mm~2/s and (1.778±0.237)×10~(-3) mm~2/s, respectively. ADC value of pancreatic cancer was significant different from that of the normal pancreas, while there was no significant difference between pancreatic cancer and pericancerous tissue. The one-side upper limit of 95% confidence interval of mean ADCs (1.622×10~(-3)mm~2/s)was adopted as the point to diagnosis of pancreatitis. The area under ROC curve was Az=0.800. Conclusion ADC values are helpful to differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and normal pancreas. DWI may be do some contribution to the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To quantify the perfusion parameters of normal pancreas and pancreatic carcinoma with three-dimension (3D) fast spoiled gradient echo dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI on 3.0T MR system, and to assess the value of 3D DCE-MRI in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. Methods Thirty-four patients with pathology verified pancreatic carcinoma and 31 control subjects with normal pancreas (without pancreatic diseases) underwent DCE-MRI with 3D LAVA sequence of ten phases. The data were processed on ADW 4.2 workstation. The perfusion parameters of the head, body and tail of normal pancreas, together with lesion and non-lesion area of pancreatic carcinoma were measured and statistically analyzed, including signal enhancement ratio at 30 s after injection (SER_(30)), signal enhancement ratio at 90 s after injection(SER_(90)), positive enhancement integral (PEI), time to peak (TTP) and maximum slope of increase (MSI). Results There was no significant perfusion difference among head, body or tail of normal pancreas (P>0.05). The difference of SER_(30), PEI, TTP and MSI between lesion and non-lesion region of carcinous pancreas was significant (P<0.05). The TTP between normal pancreas and the non-lesion region of carcinous pancreas was significantly different (P<0.05). Conclusion Normal pancreas has no regional perfusion difference. The data from DCE-MRI provide reliable information for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, and for the assessment of the invasion of pancreatic carcinoma. The difference in TTP between the normal pancreas and non-lesion region of carcinous pancreas suggest the existing of potential lesions.

Polysaccharide sulphate (PSS) 1. 8, 5. 4 and 18mg ? kg-1 ig could remarkably reduce blood glucose of alloxan - induced diabetes in rabbits . The doses of PSS could decrease the high blood glucose caused by adrenaline . PSS 1. 8 and 5. 4mg ? kg-1 could not reduce blood glucose concentration in normal rabbits, but PSS 18mg ? kg-1 could do. The glucose to lerance test showed that PSS 5. 4 and 18mg ?kg-1 could reduce the increase of blood glucose level caused by glucose loading after administration of glucose in rats (5g ? kg-1, ig) and could also persistently decrease blood glucose of alloxan - induced diabetes in rats after the doses of PSS ig for 5d.