The investigation was conducted among eight untrained male and six well-trained male cyclists with the purpose of finding out the relationship between muscle fiber composition and lactate threshold. Muscle biopsy samples were taken of vastus lateralis to determine the composition of fiber type (Ⅰ, Ⅱ). Maximal oxygen uptake was measured in a progressive cycle ergometer test, while blood lactate threshold was determined on the basis of a systematic increase in BLa above baseline warm-up values. Analyses show that the percentage of type Ⅰ is closely correlated with lactate threshold in both groups of subjects and that muscle fiber composition plays (?) important role in determining lactate threshold. Therefore, an assessment of muscle fiber composition is useful for spotting athletes with high potential for endurance performance.

The purpose of this study was to research the characteristic of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in erythrocy-tes of sprinters and middle-distance runners. Resting content and activity of SOD in erythrocytes were studi-ed in 8 untrained men, 8 sprinters and 8 middle-distance runners (male). SOD content, as well as SODactivity, in athletes was significantly greater than it in untrained men. It suggested: the exercise trainingwhich glycogen breakdown provided the majority of the non-oxidative energy could elevate the level of SODin erythrocytes. The VO_2 max and AT, and SOD content and activity in erythrocytes from 12 athletes (4sprinters and 8 middle-distance runners) were studied. There was no significant correlation between both VO_2max and AT and SOD level. To also observe the change of SOD in erythrocytes after a bout of exercise.The content and activity of SOD did not change significantly after 12 athletes exercised to VO_2max on acycle ergometer. Similarly, they did not change significantly during 14 hours of recovery from 5000-metrerace. These athletes had trained regularly several years and SOD level in erythrocytes of them had increased,which had been sufficient to remove and cope with increaced O_2 during the exercise. It might be one ofthe causes that SOD in erythrocytes did not change significantly after a bout of exercise.

Whether or not muscle hypertrophy induced by physical exercise will result in the increase in thenumber of muscle fibres is a question much debated in recent years. But little has been done so farin studying the effect of short and long term weight training on the changes in the number of muscle fibres in the human body. As an attempt to find out this effect, a research has been madeon 29 male subjects. Nine young trainees at spare-time sports schools were put through a weightliftingprogramme consisting of three hours of work a day, six days a week for 10 weeks. Before and afterthe 10-week period, the cross section of the musculus vastus lateralis was measured with computedtomography scanning (CT); maximal voluntary isometric torques of knee extension were alsomeasured; muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis to distinguish between muscle fibresof type I and type II and to find out their distribution and their average areas; and the number ofmuscle fibres was calculated by a formula. The results were compared with those obtained from thecontrol group of 13 persons and a group of seven weightlifters of national ranking. It was found thatthe 10 weeks of weight training did not result in the increase in the number of muscle fibres althoughit caused some change in the maximal torque; and that although long-term training resulted insignificant changes in the maximal torque and the area of muscle fibres, there was no significantdifference in the number of muscle fibres between the elite group on the one hand and the controlgroup and the group of trainees who had gone through 10 weeks of training on the other. Thesefindings supported Soviet scholars' idea that to respond to load stress, animals depend on bothhypertrophy and hyperplasia in the muscle while man relies on hypertrophy alone. They alsosuggested the need for further studies on this subject.

The purpose of this study is to observe the changes of the values of Met-enkephalin in variolus brain areas of rats, after exhaustive running on the treadmill by means of Radioimmunoussy (RIA). The resultsdemonstrated tbat the values of Met-enkephalin in the artas of cerebral cortex, caudatum. cerebellum andhypothalamus increased, significantly, while there was no significant change in those in areas of thalamus,brain stem and hippocampus. The following. conclusion has been drawn by the authors. The muscular activity is a type of stressorwhich can not only cause the changes of the values of ?-endorphin in plasma, but also cause the increase ofMet-enkephalin released from its neuron. Further investigations are needed on the problem whether the inc-rease in Met-enkephalin may have Dositive or negative physiological effects on the muscular activity of livingbody.

Objective:To explore the personnel arrangement in the outpatient pharmacy by calculating working hour to provide ref-erence for the rational staffing in hospital. Methods:The daily work content and working hour of 18 pharmacists in the outpatient phar-macy of a large general hospital from January to March in 2013 were following-up observed and recorded using the working hour meas-urement. The data were input the EXcellsoftware to establish the database, and the workload in various positions was collected and sorted. The obtained relative parameters were used to calculate the needed worker number on the basis of manpower planning model. Results:The research confirmed the mean operation time for 9 work programs in the outpatient pharmacy, and the time for drug dispen-sing and distributing was detailed. The needed number of pharmacists was 13. 29 according to the calculation, plus the officer-in-charge and sanitation workers, the total number was 15. 29(approx. 16). Conclusion:The working hour measurement can scientifically de-termine the time for each job, and the workload should be used as the foundation for configuring personnel qualification and the number in outpatient pharmacy.

Objective To study the proper desiccation and the expiry date for humidifier after disinfection, and then decline the incidence rate of infection in hospital. Methods Divided 84 humidifiers into the A and B groups randomly after disinfection, there were 42 humidifiers in the each group. The natural desiccation was used in the A group, the oxygen desiccation was used in the B group. Monitored the humidifiers of the two groups respectively lasted 7 days, and then compare the datum between them. Results The expiry date of the humidifiers which have dried by natural desiccation was longer than that of humidifiers which have dried by oxygen desiccation. Conclusion We should set down the expiry date for humidifier according to the different desiccation and the different seasons.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the application and therapeutic effect of advanced orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM ) flap for eyelid defect.

METHODSUni-pedicle or bi-pedicle advanced OOM flaps were designed according to the location, depth and size of the eyelid defects. The resulted wounds in the donor sites were closed directly. The flap size ranged from 1.5 cm x 0.5 cm - 6.0 cm x 3.5 cm.

RESULTS120 cases were treated. All the flaps survived except for 3 flaps with epidermis necrosis at the end of flaps, which healed after dressing. The patients were followed up for 3 -36 months with inconspicious scar in donor sites. The flap color, texture had a good match with surrounding skin.

CONCLUSIONSThe OOM flap is ideal for eyelid defect with reliable blood supply, satisfied color and texture. The wound at donor site can be closed directly with less morbidity.

Blepharoplasty ; methods ; Cicatrix ; Eyelids ; surgery ; Facial Muscles ; transplantation ; Humans ; Surgical Flaps ; transplantation ; Transplant Donor Site ; surgery

Objective To detect the expression of melanoma antigen-1 gene (MAGE-l),melanoma antigen-3 gene (MAGE-3) and explore their clinical significance. Methods The expression of MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 in central tumor tissue, para-tumorous normal mucosa and tissue of resection-border were detected by RT-PCR. Results The expression of MAGE-1 was positive in 10 out of 33 (30.30 %) cases of rectal cancer, 4 out of 33 cases (12.12%) and 4 out of 33 cases (12.12 %) in para-tumorous normal mucosa and tissue of resection-border respectively; the expression of MAGE-3 was positive in 14 out of 33(42.42 %) eases of rectal cancer, 6 out of 33 cases (18.18 % ) and 5 out of 33 cases (15.15 %) in para-tumorous normal mucosa and tissue of resection-border respectively; 7 out of 33 cases (21.21%) was expressed MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 simutaneously; 17 out of 33 cases (51.51%) was expressed at least one of MAGE-1 and MAGE-3;the positive rates of MAGE-1 or MAGE-3 in center tumor tissue were significant higher than those of its para-tumorous and resection-border (P＜0.05). The expression of MAGE-1 or MAGE-3 was not related to age, sex, histological grades, metastasis to lymph nodes, duke stages (P＞0.05). Conclusion As their significance, MAGE-1, MAGE-3 protein may be used as a target molecule of immunotherapy for rectal cancer and indexes for follow-up study of rectal cancer as well.

Objective To explore the outcomes and prognostic effects of Ivor Lewis esophagectomy and evalue the N staging.Methods Participants comprised 1145 patients with ESCC from Jan.2004 to Dec.2013,who under-went Ivor Lewis esophagectomy.The clinicopathologic data were analyzed.Kaplan -Meier and Cox regression methods were used for survival analysis.Results The morbidity of postoperative complication was 9.15% and with 1.83% of motality.The 1 -,3 - and 5 -year survival rates were 84.2%,58.4%,47.9% respectively.The median survival time was 55 months and average survival time was (70.16 ±2.086)months.Cox model multivariate analysis was used for those of P <0.05 in single variate analysis.Univariate analysis revealed that gender(P =0.003),smoking history (P =0.013),alcohol history(P =0.017),tumor location(P =0.001),body mass index(P =0.008),tumor length (P =0.000),differentiation degree(P =0.000),numbers of metastic zones(P =0.000)of lymph node metastasis (P =0.000),depth of invasion (P =0.000),pathological staging(P =0.000),vascular tumor thrombus (P =0.000),nerve involvement(P =0.000)and postoperative adjuvant therapy(P =0.000)were influencing prognosis factors.And multivariate analysis revealed that differentiation degree(P =0.000),depth of invasion(P =0.000), numbers of metastic zones (P =0.013 )of lymph node metastasis (P =0.000)were independent risk factors. Conclusion Ivor Lewis esophagectomy was a safe and effective treatment,and tumor differentiation degree,depth of invasion,numbers and zones of lymph node metastasis were important prognostic factors.

Objective To observe the effectiveness of transplantation of neuron-like cells induced by GDNF from BMSCs on treatment of spinal cord injury in rats.Methods Transfected BMSCs by recombinant adenovirus containing the gene of rGDNF and GFP.36 SD rats with spinal cord injury were randomly divided into three groups.All the 36 SD rats with spinal cord injury were scored by the Basso,Beattle,Bresnahan locomotoRrating scale at different time points (1、2、3、4 weeks afteRoperation).In the 4th week afteRoperation,tissue from the injury section was prepared to observe repaiRof spinal cord injury.Results BMSCs was able to secrete GDNF continuously afteRtransfected by recombinant adenovirus containing the gene of rGDNF and GFP.AfteRoperation,BBB scores in intralesional treatment group significantly increased when compared with that of intravenous treatment group and injury control group.In the 4th week afteRoperation,HEmatoxylin-eosin staing results showed that cavitation in intravenous treatment group was largeRthan that in intralesional treatment group with the one of injury control group being the biggest.Immunohistochemical method showed that there were more NF200+cells and GFAP+cells in intralesional treatment group than in the otheRtwo groups,and injury control group had the least NF200+cells and GFAP+ cells.Conclusion AfteRinduced into nuron-like cells,BMSCs can treat spinal cord injury effectively.