With the continuous advent of new types of electron microscopes and the continuous improvement and development of electron microscope technique , biological electron microscope tech-nique has become one of the important experimental means in the fields of biology , molecular biology, basic medicine and clinical medicine , Department of Pathology of College of Basic Medical Sciences in Jilin University has reviewed the teaching feature and teaching status of biological electron microscope technique based on the training objectives of postgraduate education. By finding the problems and analyz-ing them, they have added the teaching link of review discussion in teaching process and elaborated on its implementation process and teaching results , aiming to provide practical basis for application of review discussion for postgraduate teaching.

Objective: To study the morphological changes of erythrocytes in hyperl ipemia. Methods: Wistar rats used were divided into normal control group (NC) an d hyp erlipemia group (HL, fed with high lipid diets). The morphological changes of er ythrocytes were observed by SEM, and classified and counted. Results: Compared with NC,percentage of normal erythrocytes in HL were decreased from 76.4 % to 45.7%. The percentage of echinocytes, spherostomatocytes and target cells w ere increased from 4%, 2.2%, 1.5% to 17.3%, 10.4%, 5.8% respectively. The nu mber of ridged cells and abnormal cells was a little increased.Conclusion: The number of abnormal erythrocytes was significantly increased in h yperlipemia.

Objective To study the mechanism of myocardical aging. Methods Wistar rats used were divided aging group (22 months old) and adult group (7 months old). Qualitative morphological changes of organelles of myocardium were observed by TEM. Quantitative morphological changes of organelles of myocardium were determined by stereological method, Ca 2+ regulation of organelles of myocardium were analysed by EDS. Results Compared with adult group, aging group:(1) The nuclei were indented, myofibril were arranged irregularly, intercalated disk were separated, mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum were swelled, lipofuscin and residual body were increased. (2) The volume of myocardium not occupied by myocyte were increased, the volume density of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum were reduced, specific surface of outer membrance of mitochondria inter membrane plus cristae of mitochondria and the membrane of sarcoplasmic reticulum were also reduced. (3) Ca 2+ in myofibril and mitochondria were increased, but Ca 2+ in sarcoplasmic reticulum were decreased. Conclusion The contractility of aging myocardium were declined, the morphological changes and Ca 2+ regulation of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum might be directly related to myocardical aging.

BACKGROUND:As a new kind of adult stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells get more and more attention, because of rich source, drawing materials easily and powerful proliferation. OBJECTIVE:To isolate and culture adipose-derived stem cells from the epididymal adipose tissue in mice, and to identify their biological characteristics. METHODS:Adipose tissue was obtained from epididymis in mice by aseptical y cutting. The tissue was digested using col agenase. Adipose-derived stem cells were separated and purified by using one digestion, multiple col ection method and differential adhesion method. The morphology of adipose-derived stem cells was observed using inverted microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Growth curve of adipose-derived stem cells was drawn. Immunophenotype of adipose-derived stem cells was identified by flow cytometry. Adipose-derived stem cells were induced to differentiate into adipocytes and osteocytes using cellinductors. Compatibility of adipose-derived stem cells and col agen scaffold material was observed using scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Adipose-derived stem cells exhibited long spindle-like or fibroblast-like appearance, grew intensively and arranged in scrol and fascicular shape. In vitro, adipose-derived stem cells could be passaged to passage 9 under the inverted microscope. Under the transmission electron microscope, adipose-derived stem cells showed abundant microvil i on the cellsurface. The nuclei were big in size. Some organel es were seen in cytoplasma, such as mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Adipose-derived stem cells expressed CD44 and CD29, did not express CD34. After inducing by inductor, many smal lipid droplets were seen in the cytoplasm of adipose-derived stem cells. The smal lipid droplets were dyed red with oil red O. After induction of osteogenic inductor, the boundary line among adipose-derived stem cells was not clear and the structure of cells was fuzzy in the growth-intensive areas. There were many strong refractive granular material deposits at that field after dyeing with alizarin red. Scanning electron microscope revealed that adipose-derived stem cells were spread on the col agen scaffold. Results suggested that adipose-derived stem cells isolated by this method could amplify in vitro and stably subcultured. Under a certain inducing condition, adipose-derived stem cells could differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes, which showed a good compatibility with col agen scaffold.

In order to help students understand and master the ultrastructure of the tissue and cells and provide teachers with rich picture resources and teaching materials, Department of Pathology of Jilin University collected and organized pictures of cell and tissue ultrastructure, and then selected typical ultra-structure pictures to carry on the classified annotation in accordance with organ systems to build the ultra structure electronic picture library. The electronic picture library can be used in biological electron micro-scope technique course, online courses establishment and students' autonomous learning.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the imaging characteristics of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) and their correlation with histopathological findings.

METHODSCT and MRI imaging and histopathological characteristics of five patients with hepatic EHE were retrospectively reviewed and the correlation of their imaging characteristics with pathological findings was analyzed.

RESULTSA total of 92 lesions were found in the 5 patients, all presenting with multiple nodules. All the 92 lesions were located within a 2-cm zone heneath the hepatic capsule, i.e., the shortest distance from the horder of lesions to the hepatic capsule. 28 of the 92 lesions showed the "capsular retraction" sign. 36 lesions were found in three patients receiving MRI. 77.8% of the 36 lesions demonstrated the "halo" sign on a fat-suppression T2- weighted image, while 91.7% after contrast enhancement. A peripheral dark rim was found in 91.7% of the lesions on a fat-suppression T2-weighted image. In addition, 36.1% of the lesions showed slight internal or edge enhancement at the hepatohiliary phase. In the two patients receiving CT examination, 7 of 56 lesions demonstrated the "halo" sign.

CONCLUSIONSHepatic EHE may manifest as nodular lesions with predilection of peripheral subcapsular growth and nodular confluence, together with "halo" sign and " capsular retraction". The peripheral dark rim on a fat-suppression T2-weighted image and slight enhancement at the hepatobiliary phase can help to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of this hepatic tumor. MRI is superior to CT imaging to denict their intra-lesional characteristics.

Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Physical Examination ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective:To investigate the value of baseline 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT radiomics features in predicting the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before treatment. Methods:From January 2016 to August 2018, a total of 300 patients with solitary NSCLC (189 males, 111 females, age (62.3±9.0) years) who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging before treatment in Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. According to the ratio of 7∶3 (R language), 300 patients were randomly divided into training group ( n=210) and validation group ( n=90). LIFEx software package was used to extract the PET and CT radiomics features of primary focus in 300 NSCLC patients. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm combined with Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to select radiomics features and clinical features for predicting overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in training group. Then radiomics model, clinical model and complex model which integrated the two were established and the radiomics score (Rad-score), clinical score and complex score of each patient were calculated. Data of validation group was used to validate each training model. Efficiencies of each model in predicting the prognosis of patients with NSCLC were further evaluated by the concordance index (C-index), and a nomogram was developed based on the best prediction model. Results:In training group, the C-indices of predicting OS and PFS in NSCLC patients of radiomics model were 0.762 and 0.724 respectively, which were 0.834 and 0.780 respectively in clinical model, and were 0.842 and 0.787 respectively in complex model. Cox multivariate analysis showed that both Rad-score and complex score were independent prognostic factors for OS (hazard ratio ( HR): 1.804, 9.996, 95% CI: 1.023-3.184, 4.582-21.808, both P<0.05) and PFS ( HR: 1.771, 5.627, 95% CI: 1.138-2.756, 3.429-9.234, both P<0.05). Conclusions:Pre-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics can predict OS and PFS of NSCLC patients. The complex model based on the combination of radiomics and clinical model is effective in predicting the prognosis of NSCLC patients, and the nomogram of complex model is simple and convenient to assist clinical decision-making.

Obej ctiev To analyze the imaging characteristics of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma ( EHE) and their correlation with histopathological findings.Methods CT and MRI imaging and histopathological characteristics of five patients with hepatic EHE were retrospectively reviewed and the correlation of their imaging characteristics with pathological findings was analyzed.Results A total of 92 lesions were found in the 5 patients, all presenting with multiple nodules.All the 92 lesions were located within a 2-cm zone beneath the hepatic capsule, i.e., the shortest distance from the border of lesions to the hepatic capsule.28 of the 92 lesions showed the“capsular retraction” sign. 36 lesions were found in three patients receiving MRI .77.8%of the 36 lesions demonstrated the“halo” sign on a fat-suppression T2-weighted image, while 91.7%after contrast enhancement.A peripheral dark rim was found in 91.7%of the lesions on a fat-suppression T2-weighted image.In addition, 36.1%of the lesions showed slight internal or edge enhancement at the hepatobiliary phase.In the two patients receiving CT examination, 7 of 56 lesions demonstrated the“halo” sign.Conclusions Hepatic EHE may manifest as nodular lesions with predilection of peripheral subcapsular growth and nodular confluence, together with “halo” sign and “capsular retraction”.The peripheral dark rim on a fat-suppression T2-weighted image and slight enhancement at the hepatobiliary phase can help to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of this hepatic tumor.MRI is superior to CT imaging to depict their intra-lesional characteristics.

Obej ctiev To analyze the imaging characteristics of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma ( EHE) and their correlation with histopathological findings.Methods CT and MRI imaging and histopathological characteristics of five patients with hepatic EHE were retrospectively reviewed and the correlation of their imaging characteristics with pathological findings was analyzed.Results A total of 92 lesions were found in the 5 patients, all presenting with multiple nodules.All the 92 lesions were located within a 2-cm zone beneath the hepatic capsule, i.e., the shortest distance from the border of lesions to the hepatic capsule.28 of the 92 lesions showed the“capsular retraction” sign. 36 lesions were found in three patients receiving MRI .77.8%of the 36 lesions demonstrated the“halo” sign on a fat-suppression T2-weighted image, while 91.7%after contrast enhancement.A peripheral dark rim was found in 91.7%of the lesions on a fat-suppression T2-weighted image.In addition, 36.1%of the lesions showed slight internal or edge enhancement at the hepatobiliary phase.In the two patients receiving CT examination, 7 of 56 lesions demonstrated the“halo” sign.Conclusions Hepatic EHE may manifest as nodular lesions with predilection of peripheral subcapsular growth and nodular confluence, together with “halo” sign and “capsular retraction”.The peripheral dark rim on a fat-suppression T2-weighted image and slight enhancement at the hepatobiliary phase can help to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of this hepatic tumor.MRI is superior to CT imaging to depict their intra-lesional characteristics.

Background and objectiveIt is so far not clear that how myasthenia gravis (MG) affected the prognosis of thymoma patients. The aim of this assay is to compare the postoperative survival between patients with thymoma only and those with both thymoma and MG.MethodsThe Chinese Alliance for Research in Thymomas (ChART) registry recruited patients with thymoma from 18 centers over the country on an intention to treat basis from 1992 to 2012. Two groups were formed according to whether the patient complicated MG. Demographic and clinical data were reviewed, Patients were fol-lowed and their survival status were analyzed.Results There were 1,850 patients included in this study, including 421 with and 1,429 without MG. Complete thymectomy were done in 91.2% patients in MG group and 71.0% in non-MG group (P<0.05). There were more percentage of patients with the histology of thymoma AB, B1, or B2 (P<0.05) in MG group, and more percentage of patients with MG were in Masaoka stage I and II. The 5 year and 10 year OS rates were both higher in MG group (93%vs 88%; 83%vs 81%,P=0.034) respectively. The survival rate was signiifcantly higher in patients with MG when the Masaoka staging was III/IV (P=0.003). Among patients with advanced stage thymoma (stage III, IVa, IVb), the constitu-ent ratios of III, IVa, IVb were similar between MG and Non-MG group. Histologically, however, there were signiifcantly more proportion of AB/B1/B2/B3 in the MG group while there were more C in the non-MG group (P=0.000). Univariate analyses for all patients showed that MG, WHO classiifcation, Masaoka stage, surgical approach, chemotherapy and radiotherapy and resectability were signiifcant factors, and multivariate analysis showed WHO Classiifcation, Masaoka stage, and resectability were strong independent prognostic indicators.ConclusionAlthough MG is not an independent prognostic factor, the sur-vival of patients with thymoma was superior when MG was present, especially in late Masaoka stage patients. Possible reasons included early diagnosis of the tumor, better histologic types, an overall higher R0 resection and less recurrence.