OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the improvement of National Essential Medicine List.METHODS:The pertinent literature both at home and abroad was reviewed;the status quo and the problems of the National Essential Medicine List of China were expounded.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:It is suggested that its coverage be extended to cover the list of orphan drugs,meanwhile,an urban-rural essential medicine list and an essential medicine list for children should be established to enhance the hierarchy and practicability of National Essential Medicine List.

Objective To research the radiodiagnosis of fat embolism sydrome in the chest.Methods The clinic and X-ray manifestation of 12 cases fat embolism after long bone fracture were analysed.Results After wounded 19 to 70 hours later,all of the patients showed dyspneic respiration,symptoms of central nervous system,dermorrhagia,partly thrombocy topenia,fat drop in the urine or blood.There were diffuse maculate and tablet shadow of the pulmones on the chest X-ray film.Conclusion The X-ray character of fat embolism is difuse maculate and tablet consolidation shadow in the pulmones.

[Objective] To evaluate the cellular biocompatibility of the nano poly(L-lactic acid)-block-poly(?-caprolactone)(Nano-PLLA-b-PCL)with canine articular cells and its feasibility as a scaffold for the cartilage tissue engineering.[Methods]Nano-PLLA-b-PCL was made by liquid-liquid phase separation.Canine articular cells were isolated and multiplied in vitro.The passage 3 cells were seeded onto the PLLA-b-PCL films and cultured in the 2-dimensional environment.The cytotoxicity was measured with MTT assay.Cellular Morphological changes were observed by phase-contrast microscopy and Hoechst33342 fluorometric method.Another passage 3 cells were seeded onto the Nano-PLLA-b-PCL scaffolds(experiment group),PLLA-b-PCL scaffolds(control group)and cultured in the 3-dimensional environment for 3 weeks.The ratio of cell adhesion was detected by cell counting method.The morphological changes of cells were observed by scanning electron microscopy.The protein content in seeded cells were determined by bioinchoninic acid assay(BCA).The content of DNA was quantified using Hoechst33258 assay.[Results]MTT assay showed the PLLA-b-PCL had no cytotoxicity.The seeded cells adhered and proliferated well into the Nano-PLLA-b-PCL scaffolds,and they maintained good cell phenotype.After 21-day cell culture within the Nano-PLLA-b-PCL scaffolds,the chondrocyte DNA and protein contents increased with time.Moreover,the content of DNA and protein was higher in the experiment group than that in the control group,respectively(P

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) in patients with rheumatic severe mitral stenosis and thrombus in the left atrial appendage.Methods We selected 11 patients (9 women and 2 men), the average age being 40.6?5.7 years. All cases received warfarin orally every day for more than 12 weeks before underwent PBMV used Inoue single balloon technique, to see whether systemic thromboembolism complication occurred during the operation and one year follow-up term. Results The successful rate of PBMV was 100%. No systemic thromboembolism occurred during and after PBMV. The parameters of hemodynamics, mitral valve area and cardiac function improved markedly.Conclusion PBMV on patients with severe mitral stenosis and thrombus in the left atrial appendage is safe and effective after certain anticoagulation treatment.

Objective To identify the middle-long term outcomes,the incidence of restenosis,and the determining factors of restenosis.Methods Four hundred and sixty five patients with mitral stenosis (MS) underwent percutaneous balloon mitrail valvuloplasty (PBMV) from May 1990 to May 2002. Among the 465 patients,a retrospective study of 344 cases (258 females and 86 males) with complete data was presented in this article. The mean age was (40.2?9.6) years (ranging from 15 to 72 years). They were followed-up after PBMV. The data were analyzed with SAS software. Results Follow-up results of 1-12 years [median (3.6?2.5) years] showed that the one-year event-free survival rate was 100% with 9 cases of restenosis in 344 cases (2.5%),the three-years event-free survival rate was 97% with 39 cases of restenosis in 286 cases (13.6%),the five-years event-free survival rate was 91% with 60 cases of restenosis in 221 cases (27.1%),the eight-year event-free survival rate was 80% with 32 cases of restenosis in 81 cases (39.5%),and the ten-year event-free survival rate was 69% with 20 cases of restenosis in 42 cases (47.6%),and the twelve-year event-free survival rate was 63% with 9 cases of restenosis in 16 cases (56.3%). The event-free survival rate was greater in patients with modified echocardiographic score ≤10. Conclusion PBMV can produce good clinical middle and long-term outcomes in most patients,and those with modified echocardiographic score ≤10,bi-commissural splitting,sinus rhythm,large mitral valve area after PBMV,without poor cardiac function may especially have the best middle and long-term results.

砄bjective:To study the characteristics of proliferation and differentiation of malignant ameloblastoma.Methods:The expression of PCNA,Ki 67, CK19 and CK10 and CK13 proteins in 17 cases of malignant ameloblastoma was detected immunohistochemically by SP method. Results: The proliferating indices of PCNA and Ki 67 were significantly higher in malignant ameloblastoma than those in benign ameloblastoma ( P

Objective: To study the effects of static tensile strai n on the secretion of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLFs). Methods: Human PLFs were treated by tensile strain values of 0%,8%,12%,16% and 20% for 24, 48 and 72 h respecti vely with a self-devised loading apparatus in vitro. All samples were rando mly allocated into 15 groups and there were 3 in each group. After treatment cu lture media of the samples were collected and the content of PGE 2 in each medi um sample was determined using RIA ELISA. The data analysis was carried out with SPSS using Dunnett test. Results: In group of 0% the sec retion of PGE 2 by PLFs per day had no relation with loading time; E 2 secre tion increased with the increace of loading time and with the tensile strain va lue in the group of 8%,12% and 16%(P

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the relationship between the thrombosis and secretory duct dilation, lesion size, clinical types, nature (primary or recurrent) and duration of illness in the development of ranula. A total of 229 cases of sublingual gland cysts were treated with surgical resection from Jan. 1990 to Feb. 2010. The patients' data were investigated on histopathological findings, size of ranula, the clinical types, nature of ranula (primary or recurrent) and duration of illness. Sections from the paraffin-embeded blocks were HE-stained. CK expression was immunohistochemically detected. Among 229 cases the incidence of venous thrombosis was 58.52%. The incidence of venous thrombosis with or without duct dilation was 73.25% and 26.39% respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.005). The incidence of venous thrombosis of ranulas with diameter larger or less than 3 cm was 72.22% and 46.28% (P<0.005). The incidence of venous thrombosis of oral ranula, plunging ranula and mixed ranula was 49.37%, 77.19% and 85.71% respectively, with a significant difference found between oral and plunging or mixed ranula (P<0.01). The incidence of venous thrombosis in ranula patients with duration of illness longer or less than 3 months was 69.77% and 51.75% (P<0.01). The incidence of venous thrombosis with recurrent and primary ranulas was 51.85% and 64.85%, without a significant difference noted between them (P>0.05). It is concluded that the formation of venous thrombosis was related to the dilation of secretory duct, lesion size, clinical types, duration of lesion but formation of venous thrombosis was not related to the nature (primary or recurrent) of ranulas.

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of nuclear morphometric parameters, DNA content and Ag-NOR count in the differentiating malignant and benign ameloblastomas.

METHODSTotally 17 cases of malignant ameloblastomas were examined by using HE, AgNOR and DNA stain methods. Morphometric parameters of cell nuclei, DNA content and AgNOR count were quantitatively studied by using an image analysis system.

RESULTSSeven parameters (area, perimeter, equal diameter, minor diameter, mean diameter, round index, axis ratio) out of ten shape factors were significantly different between malignant and benign ameloblastoma (P < 0.01). AgNOR count and DNA index in malignant ameloblastoma were significantly higher than those in benign ameloblastoma (P < 0.01). Logistic regression equation was established, according to nuclear morphormetric parameters and DNA index.

CONCLUSIONQuantitative analysis of DAN content, nuclear morphmetric parameters and AgNOR count may be helpful in differentiating malignant and benign ameloblastomas.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ameloblastoma ; pathology ; Child ; DNA, Neoplasm ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nucleolus Organizer Region ; ultrastructure ; Odontogenic Tumors ; pathology ; Silver Staining

Objective To observe the effects of PM2.5 exposure on A549 cells,and explore the mechanism of toxicity. Method The concentra?tions of PM2.5 exposure were determined utilizing cell viability assay. The morphological characteristics of exposed cell were observed with trans?mission electron microscope. Using big date from RNA?Seq and qRT?PCR,the mechanism was explored. Results The final concentration of PM2.5 exposure was 50μg/cm2;morphological detection showed that chromatin condensation after exposure which was also found on the boundary of nuclear membrane. KEGG pathway analysis and interaction network were finished ,and 8 kinds of apoptosis?related genes were found to be in?volved in the process of damage. Conclusion PM2.5 induces apoptosis in A549 cells by stimulating the changes of apoptosis?related genes ex?pressions.