Objective To study the relationship of epithelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression with the germ cell development and apoptosis in the rat cryptorchid. Methods Germ cell apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated d UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) in the unilateral cryptorchid.Expression of eNOS was detected by immunohistochemical S P method. The dispersion characteristics of expression of eNOS mRNA was investigated by in situ hybridization. Results On the 7th day after the operation,as compared to the control,the number of apoptotic germ cell in the cryptorchid was increased significantly,but its testis weight was decreased predominantly,and expression of eNOS gene was localized to the cytoplasm of Legdig cell,Sertoli cell and germ cell in both testes.On the 40th day,expression of eNOS gene was localized to the cytoplasm of lengthened spermid.On the 3rd day and 7th day,expression of eNOS mRNA had no apparent change in the cryptorchid as compared to the control. Conclusions In adolescence,expression of eNOS regulates secretion of hormone and germ cell development;whereas after adulthood,expression of eNOS is only related to the mature and activity of sperm.Expression of eNOS has no apparent relationship with germ cell apoptosis.

0.05), while the expression of CuZn-SOD mRNAwas significantly higher in the experimental group(0.366?0.085) than in the control group(0.221?0.043) (P0.05). Conclusions An experimental varicocele can lead to increased reactive oxygen species and decreased antioxidant enzymes levels in prostate, which may be one of the important factors of male infertility induced by varicocele.

0.05). Conclusions TNF-? and TGF-?1 had a very important role in etiology of chronic abacterial prostatitis and they can be the objective parameters in the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis.

Objective To explore the role of chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 in the directional migration of human prostate cancer(PCa).Methods The expression of CXCL12/CXCR4 in 18 human PCa samples and human PCa cell lines(PC3,DU145 and LNCap)was determined by immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry,respectively.Then the effect of CXCL12 on the migration and invasion of human PCa cell lines Was investigated by Matrigel invasion assay.Results Except 1 PCa sample,positive CXCR4 protein expression was detected in 17 clinical PCa samples.On the contrary,in 18 samples determined,only one sample expressed weak CXCL12 protein.CXCR4 rather than CXCL12 protein was exressed in PCa cell lines PC3,DU145 and LNCap.In addition,CXCL12 promoted the migration and invasion of PCa cell lines in a dose dependent manner in viiro,in which experiments PC3,LNCap cells were pretreated by antibody of CXCL12 or CXCR4 and then it was found the migrations of cells stimulated by CXCL12 were inhibited.Conclusion CXCR4 protein is expressed in human PCa and CXCL12/CXCR4 axis may play a significant role in the metastasis of prostate cancer.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of repairing surgically ablated cavernous nerves by using an interposition genitofemoral nerve graft and with nerve growth enhancing media (insulin-like growth factor-I,IGF-I) injection.MethodsA total of 54 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (each of 18 rats),including sham operation controls, bilateral cavernous nerve ablation and nerve graft with IGF-I injection groups.At 1,3 and 6 months after surgery, the rat models were evaluated with Apomorphine Test.Then nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) staining was used to identify nNOS in penile nerve fibers of the proximal portion of penile shaft.ResultsAt 1,3 and 6 months after surgery, the rats of sham operation group had normal erectile function (erection rate,100%),while the rats of nerve ablation group lost erectile function at all (erection rate,0%).There was no statistically significant difference of ED between the nerve ablation and nerve graft groups at 1 month;however,at 3 and 6 months,Apomorphine Test resulted in tumescence of 50% and 66.7% of the nerve graft groups vs 0% and 0% of the nerve ablation groups, respectively ( P

Objective To investigate the mechanism of contralateral testicle spermatogenesis impairment following unilateral testicular torsion in rats.Methods Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats(n=24) were randomly divided into 3 groups:group 1(sham-operation),2 and 3,each comprising 8 rats.Under surgical conditions,the left testes of the rats in groups 2 and 3 were rotated through clockwise 720? torsion,then detorsion after 12 h or 24 h,respectively.The contralateral testes were harvested after 1 month and the relative proportions of germ cells were measured by the flow cytometry(FCM).Anti-rat immunoglobulin G(IgG)antibodies against spermatozoa antigens were detected in contralateral testicular tissue by immunohistochemical method.Results In groups 1,2 and 3,the weight of contralateral testis was(1555.73?(72.34)),(1184.20?101.02) and(783.60?117.93)mg,respectively;the number of apoptotic cells was 53.25?8.61,1622.00?129.31 and 3401.25?179.75,respectively;the positive rates of antisperm antibodies were 0,0.55?0.02 and 0.69?0.03,respectively.There were significant differences in above parameters between groups(P

Objective To evaluate the reconstruction of bladder using a segmental sinus-body of stomach on the basis of a clinical study.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records,laboratory evaluations,imaging examinations,cystoscopy,urodynamic studies of 30 patients(17 men and 13 women;mean age,55 years;age range,21-69 years) who underwent the reconstruction of bladder using a segmental sinus-body of stomach.Of the 30 patients,24 had primary bladder cancer and 6 had tuberculous contracture of the bladder.Results After operation,the new gastric bladder worked well in keeping and emptying urine.All patients micturated through the urethra.The bladder capacity was 280-580 ml(mean,385 ml).The maximum urethral pressure was 20-60 cm H_2O(mean,49 cm H_2O).The filling bladder pressure was 5-15 cm H_2O(mean,12 cm H_2O).The maximum bladder pressure was 35-65 cm H_2O(mean,55 cm H_2O),and it was 28-60 cm H_2O(mean,46 cm H_2O) during urination.Qmax and post-void residual urine were 10-28 ml/s(mean,18 ml/s) and 5-85 ml(mean,20 ml),respectively.Follow-up ranged from 9 months to 24 years(mean,8.2 years).There were no disturbance of water and electrolyte metabolism,no vesicoureteral reflux,no uracratia,and no damage to renal function.Complications included perineal and vesical pain in 4 cases,enuresis in 5 cases,which gradually remitted 3-6 months after surgery,and bladder stone formation in 1 case,who underwent surgery again.At 3.5 years after surgery bladder tumor relapsed in 1 case,who then underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor. Conclusions Our data show that the substitution of a segmental sinus-body of stomach for urinary bladder worth popularizing because of low complication rate and approximately normal urologic indexes.

Objective To investigate effects of drugs on spermatogenesis following testicular ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Methods Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 32) were randomly divided into four groups, 8 rats in each group. Animals underwent unilateral testicular torsion followed by detorsion after 2 hours. Isotonic saline, pentoxifylline and verapamil were infused into tail vein 15 minutes before detorsion in torsion group, pentoxifylline group and verapamil group. At 24 hours after operation, testicular function was determined measuring germ cell apoptosis using the flow cytometry ( FCM) , and the levels of myeloperoxidase ( MPO) , superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) by spectrophotometry. Results Compared with torsion group, the number of apoptotic germ cell and the contents of MDA and MPO were markedly decreased in pentoxifylline group and verapamil group, but the number of haploid and the level of SOD were significantly increased (P

Objective To observe the protein degredation of empty puparium cases ofC. megacephala after weathering and to explore its practical significance on postmortem interval estimation in forensic science. MethodsThe standardized feeding was used inC. megacephala, and the empty puparium cases were collected and put into the forest. They were taken back 5 days, and 10 days later, respectively. The spectra were collected and preprocessed, and then the absorption peaks of amides were read, and curve fitting was performed in the average spectra of each group. The statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 19.0.Results Compared to control group, ifve days post weathering, the position of amideⅠabsorption peak showed blue shift, but the amideⅡabsorption peak showed no shift, moreover, none of the amide absorption peaks showed changes inpeak intensity. For the secondary structures, α-helix decreased and β-sheet increased slightly, however, β-turn did not change; Ten days post weathering, the positions of both amideⅠandⅡabsorption peaks showed blue shift, and an obviousshoulder peak appeared in amide I absorption peak. Meanwhile, both of amideⅠandⅡabsorption peaks showed decreased in peak intensity. Moreover, for the secondary structures, α-helix and β-sheet showed the same tendency as in the 5th day group, except for the β-turn increased dramaticlly.Conclusion The spectra of the empty puparium cases of C. megacephala showed that the absorption peaks of amideⅠandⅡpresented certain characteristic features within ten days post weathering, and estimate relative long-time postmortem interval.

Objective To explore the value of lipidic degradation in puparium cases of C.megacephala during weathering in postmortem interval estimation. Methods The puparium cases of reared C.megacephala were collected, and laid outdoor. They were taken back 5 days and 10 days later, and then be stored at -20℃. The samples of control group were cleaned and cryopreserved immediately. The spectra were collected and preprocessed. The peak position and peak height were read and performed statistical analysis by SPSS 19.0 software. Results Compared to control group, the positions of Vas CH3 band showed no shift, and the Vas CH2 band showed blue shift, meanwhile, the Vs CH2 band disappeared in both experimental groups, moreover, the Vs CH3 band showed red shift only in 10d group;except of the Vs CH3 band in 5d group, the intensities of both the other two lipidic bands reduced in both experimental groups. Compared with 5day group, the Vs CH3 band showed red shift in 10d group, meanwhile, the differences of all the lipidic bands had statistical signiifcance. Conclusion Detection of lipidic degradation in puparium cases of C. megacephala during weathering by micro-FTIR provides a novel way to estimate postmortem interval and performs its potential for forensic applications.