There is evidence that onset time and potency of the non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents are related. The relationship between onset time and the rate of recovery has been less well studied. In this experiment, the myodynamie response of adductor pollicis to single electric stimulation of wrist ulnar nerve, served as the parameter of neuromuscular blockade, and with the isolated forearm technique being used, the onset and offset times of vecuronium, pancuronium, mivacuronium or doxacurium were recorded in four adult healthy volunteers respectively. The results indicated that there was a positive correlation between onset and offset times (r=0.958, P

Objective To study the sedation efficacy of propofol combined with midazolam and /or fentanyl in fibreoptic choledochoscope. Methods Ninty outpatients were randomly divided into three groups. Group PF (n=31)was given fentanyl 0. 05 m.g plus propofol 1 mg/kg intravenously, group PM (n=29) midazolam 2 mg plus propofol 1 mg/kg, and group PMF(n=30) fentanyl 0. 05 mg, midazolam 2 mg and propofol 1 mg/kg. Propofol 20 mg was used when needed. HR,MAP,SpO_2,sedation scores and amnesia were recorded. Results All patients were awakened in 20 minutes after procedures. The recovery time was shorter in group PF than that in the other two groups. There were 21(67. 70%) patients in group PF, who were aware of surgery. Fifteen(48. 4%) patients were satisfied in group PF. Conclusion Propofol combined with midazolam and /or fentanyl in fibreoptic choledochoscope has better sedation without any obvious side effects.

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on the outcome in rats with sepsis. Methods Male SD rats, aged 10-14 weeks, weighing 260-390 g, were used in this study. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Ninety rats of successful sepsis model were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 30 each) : control group (group C), midasolam group (group M) and dexmedetomidine group (group D). In group C, M and D, normal saline at a rate of 1 ml/h, midazolam at a rate of 0.6 mg·kg-1·h-1 and dexmedetomidine at a rate of 5 μg·kg-1·h-1 were infused iv for 8 h after operation respectively. Ten rats of each group were selected for observation of the survival condition during 24 h after operation. Another 10 rats of each group were selected and blood samples were taken from carotid artery before operation and at 2, 4 and 5 h after operation for measurement of plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 by ELISA. The remaining 10 rats of each group were selected at 8 h after operation for determination of the renal function. The rats still alive after the determination of cytokines and renal function were killed and spleen tissues were taken for determination of the expression of caspase-3 and ubiquitin by Western blot. Results Compared with group C, the plasma concentration of TNF-α and fractional excretion of sodium (FENa+) were significantly decreased, caspase-3 expression in spleen tissues was down-regulated and abiquitin expression in spleen tissues was up-regulated in group M and D ( P < 0.05), while there were no significant differences in plasma concentration of IL-6 and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) at 8 h after operation between group M and C and between group D and C ( P > 0.05). The plasma concentration of TNF-α was significantly lower in group D than in group M ( P < 0.05), while there were no significant differences in plasma concentration of IL-6, FE Na+ , Ccr and expression of caspase-3 and ubiquitin in splen tissues between group D and M ( P>0.05). The survival rates during 24 h after operation were 10%, 80% and 90% in group C, M and D respectively. The survival rates during 24 h after operation were signifrcantly higher in group M and D than in group C ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can raise the survival rate during sepsis.

Objective To investigate the changes in cerebral cAMP and PKA levels during development of acute opioid tolerance induced by remifentanil and to determine whether post-receptor cAMP/PKA signaling pathway is involved in the process. Methods Fifty-six male Kunming mice weighing 25-35 g were randomly divided into 5 groups: group Ⅰ control (C) (n=8); group Ⅱ received morphine infused intraperitoneally (IP) at 0.6 μg'kg-1·min-1 for 120min(M) (n=8); group Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ received remifentnil infused IP at 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 μg·kg-1·min-1 for 120 min(R1=8, R2n=8; R3 n=24).Control group received IP infusion of normal saline. Tail-flick test was performed td measure the response of animals to a thermal nociceptive stimulus before IP infusion, at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after beginning of IP infusion and at 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after termination of IP infusion. Eight animals were decapitated at 60 min after termination of IP infusion in all 5 groups and the other 16 animals in group R3 were decapitated at 30 and 45 min after termination of IP infusion (n=8 each) for determination of intracellular contents of cAMP and activities of PKA in cerebral cortex and inferior colliculus-striatum by ELISA or radioactive isotope [32p,] ATP-catalyzing assay. Results The tail-flick latency was significantly prolonged during IP infusion as compared with the baseline before infusion in group M, R1 , R2 and R3 but became significantly shorter at 30 and 45 min after infusion than the baseline values in group R1, R2 and R3indicating hyperalgesia after remifentauil infusion. The cerebral contents of cAMP and PKA activities at 60 min after termination of infusion were comparable or decreased in group M, R1, R2 and R3 as compared with group C. There was no significant difference in cerebral cAMP contents and PKA activities at 30, 60 and 45 min after IP remifentanil infusion in group R3. Conclusion Remifentanil can induce acute hyperalgesic effect on mice, and there is no up-regulation of post-receptor cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in the acute opioid tolerance, which is not similar to that chronic opioid tolerance.

Objective To investigate the influence of balanced anesthesia(BA)versus total intravenous anesthesia(TIVA)on the hemodynamics and respiratory function of patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy.Methods Two groups of patients undergoing elected laparoscopic hysterectomy received balanced anesthesia(BA group,20 cases)or total intravenous anesthesia(TIVA group,20 cases)respectively.Data of hemodynamics and respiratory system were recorded and the compliance of respiratory system was calculated.Results The MAP at 10 minutes after pneumoperitoneum(PP)was elevated significantly than that before-induction in BA group(P

Objective To investigate the influence of balanced anesthesia(BA) and total intravenous anesthesia(TIVA) on the hemodynamics and respiratory function in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy.Methods Fifty elderly patients undergoing elective hysterectomy.Their mean age was 62.7?1.8 years.ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ class.They were randomly divided into two groups: balanced anesthesia group and total intra-venous anesthesia group.The perioperative data of hemodynamics,respiratory system and arterial blood gas were recorded,and the compliance of respiratory system was calculated.Results The MAP at 10 minutes after pneumoperitoneum(PP) was greatly higher than that of the pre-induction period in BA group(P

Objective To know the accumulation and movement of heavy metals in the environment through sewage sluge using in agriculture. Methods The sewage sludge samples were collected from sewage treatment farms of Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou in the different seasons of 1998. The content and states of heavy metals were determined by AAS. The accumulation and movement of heavy metals were analyzed as sewage sludge was used in agriculture. Results The content of heavy metals in the sewage sludge was greatly higher than that in the soil background. Especially, the contents of zinc in the sewage sludge in three cities exceeded the related standard, the means were 1 199.00, 784.00 and 1 216.00 mg/kg respectively. A long term using of sewage sludge might induce heavy metal accumulation in the soil. Conclusion Sewage sludge used in agriculture may induce heavy metal accumulation in the soil and the organisms, so the risk of environmental heavy metals accumulation may increase.

Objective The aim of this prospective randomized study was to compare the effects of remifentanil (R) and fentanyl (F) given by target-controlled infusion (TCI) on the Cp50 of TCI propofol for loss of consciousness ( LOC ) . Methods Sixty-four ASA 1 or II patients aged 20-55 yr undergoing elective cholecystectomy or mastectomy under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. Their BMI ranged from 18-30 kg?m-2. The patients were randomly allocated to one of four groups with 16 patients in each group: (1) propofol alone (P), (2) P + remifentanil (Cp = 4 ?g?L-1 ) (R4), (3) P + remifentanil (Cp = 7 ?g?L 1 ) (R7) and (4) P + fentanyl (Cp = 4?g?L-1 ) (F). The patients were unpremeditated. Anesthesia was induced with remifentanil or fentanyl and propofol both given by TCI. The plasma concentration (Cp) of remifentanil and fentanyl were fixed in each group. The Cp50 of propofol for LOC was determined by up-and-down sequential trial. Cp of propofol was set at 1.25, 1.50, 1.80, 2.16, 2.59, 3.11, 3.73 and 4.48 mg?L-1 . If a patient did not go to sleep at a certain Cp of propofol, the next patient was tested at a higher concentration conversely if the patient went to sleep a lower concentration was tested in the next patient. The BIS values and hemodynamic changes were recorded before induction and at LOC (no response to verbal command and loss of eyelash reflex). The TCI pump was controlled by pharmacokinetic models developed by Marsh (propofol) Minto ( remifentanil) and Shafer ( fentanyl) . Results The Cp of propofol for LOC in group P was 3.48 mg ? L-1 , significandy higher than that in group F (2.31 mg ? L -1 ), group R4 (2.11 mg?L-1) and group R7 (1.76mg?L-1 ) (P

Objective To determine the effective target plasma concentration required to prevent tracheal intubation in 50% of patients (Cp50) anesthetized with propofol by TCI.Methods Twenty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 18-45 yrs with body mass index

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of mulitifunctional catheter to aspirate pus and lavage on pulmonary abscess.Methods 28 cases of acute pulmonary abscess were treated by inserting multifunctional catheter into vomica to aspirate pus and lavage under X ray monitoring.Results Among 28 cases,26 were cured and 2 were improved.None complication was found.Conclsion This therapy can improve the curing effect and shorten the period of treatment.It is simple and safe.