WGA-HRP was iontophoretically delivered into the habenular nuclei in 40 rats to observe the distribution of the retrograde labeled cells; and into the entopeduncular nucleus(EPN), lateral preoptic area(LPO), medial preoptic area(MPO), nucleus septalis fimbriatis(SF), nucleus triangularis septi(TS), nucleus tractus diagonalis (Broca)(DBN)and lateral hypothalamic area(LHA) in 12 rats to observe the distribution of the orthograde labeled fibers in the habenular nuclei. It was found that the afferents of various parts of the habenular nuclei were different.The lateral habenular nucleus mainly recieves the afferents from the EPN, LPO and LHA, and the medial habenular nucleus from the SF, TS and LHA. Furthermore, the lateral habenular nucleus can be divided into medial and lateral parts, the medial habenular nucleus can be divided into medial and lateral parts as well, their afferent connections are also different.

WGA-HRP was iontophoretically delivered into various parts of the habenular nuclei (the lateral segment of the lateral habenular nucleus LHb-L, the medial segment of the lateral habenular nucleus LHb-M, and the medial habenular nucleus MHb) in 40 rats to study the route and distribution of the anterograde labeled fibers and terminals in the brain. The efferent projections of the habenular nuclei follow three routes, the rostral, contralateral and caudal pathways. Along the rostral pathway fibers leave the lateral habenular nucleus, follow the stria medullaris thalami rostrally, and distribute to the thalamic dorsomedial nucleus, paratenial nucleus and lateral preoptic area. Fibers from the contralateral pathway distribute to the opposite lateral habenular nucleus by way of the commissura habenularum Fibers in the caudal pathway originate mainly from the MHb and LHb-M, and distribute to the interpeduncular nucleus with a dorsoventral topographic localization. In addition some of the caudal efferent fibers run caudally and terminate in the raphe nuclei and reticular formation etc.

The short chain fatty acids inplatelet concentrate (PC) and serumwere determined by means of gaschromatography.The short chainfatty acids determined includeacetic,propionic,butyric,isobuty-ric,valeric,isovaleric,lactic,pyruvic and succinic acids.Therewere acetic,lactic,pyruvic andsuceinic acids in PC;their relativecontents were 1.14,13.50,1.41 and9.54,respectively.The serum cont-ained acetic,lactic and pyruvic aci-ds;their relative contents were0.98,4.33 and 1.88,respectively.Succinic acid wasn't found in theserum,suggesting that the succinicacid in PC is the content of platelets.There was a positive correlationbetween the platelet count and lacticacid content of PC.Fresh PC wascompared with the PC of same volumepreserved for 0,24,48,72 hours atroom temperature.The lactic acidcontent of PC increased with thetime of preservation.

With its excellent character , Holmium:Yag laser had been used in more and more areas of medicine. It's growing success is a result of its excellent performance as both a lithotriptor and a surgical laser on soft tissues. The low level laser power is a good stimulator to the growth of biological tissue and the metabolism of cells.

0.02～0.3?l of 33％ HRP (Sigma Ⅵ) solution in sterile water were injected with a stereotaxic instrument into various sites of the caudate-putamen in 40 rats. The animals were perfused transaortically with 3％ paraformatdehyde and 1％ glutaradehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH7.4). Frozen sections were dried in a container with P_2O_5 for 2～4 hours and examined for fluorescence in the nucleus nigra. After which, the sections were processed for HRP reaction according to Mesulam's method. A number of cells of substantia nigra were found to show both fluorescence and HRP-positive product, thus confirming the dopaminergic nature of the nigroneostiatum projection.Furthermore, the nigroneostriatum projection was found to be topographically organized, the ventro-medial part of compact zone of the substantia nigra projecting to the dorso-medial caudate-putamen, the dorso-medial part of compact zone to the ventral caudate-putamen, the ventro-middle of compact zone to 1be dorso-lateral and central caudate-putamen, the caudo-lateral part to the central caudate-putamen, the middle part of reticular zone to the lateral and central caudate-putamen, the lateral zone of substantia nigra to the caudal caudate-putamen. Some overlap existed.Strionigral fibers were also topographically organized, which terminated predominantly about the cells of reticular zone. These may form a feedback loop concerning with the modulation of the activity of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.

Different fluorescent tracers, Fast Blue (FB), Nuclear Yellow(NY), Propidium iodide (PI), Bisbenzimide (Bb), Evans Blue(EB), DAPI-Primuline (Pr), were injected into the frontal cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, cerebellum and cervical cord respectively in 31 rats to observe the fluorescent retrograde double labeling cells in the nucleus raphe magnus. The results showed that the axon collaterals of the nucleus raphe magnus projected to the :thalamus-cerebellum, thalamus-hippocampus, frontal cortex-thalamus, frontal cortex-cerebellum, hippocampus-cerebellum, hippocampus-cervical cord, cerebellum-cervical cord, thalamus-cervical cord and bilateral hippocampus and thalamus. The topographical organizations of divergent projection neurons of the nucleus raphe magnus were also found.

WGA-HRP was injected into different segment of the dorsomedial nucleus (DM) of thalamus by means of microiontophoretical delivery in 19 rats to observe the afferent projections of DM. It is found that the DM received afferent projections widely from the frontal cortex, basal telecephalon, limbic system, monoaminergic neuron, reticular formation, central gray matter and superior colliculus. Furthermore, some topographical organization has also been observed. The medial segment of DM received afferent projections mainly from dorsal agranular insular cortex, infralimbic cortex, amygdaloid complex, septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and raphe nuclei, related with the function of the limbic system. The central segment of DM received afferent projections from the dorsal agranular insular cortex and the prepiriform cortex, also related with the function of the limbic system. The lateral segment of DM received afferent projections mainly from the medial precentral cortex, dorsal division of anterior cingulate cortex, E-W nucleus and superior colliculus, related with the function of eye movement. In addition, all the three segments of DM received numerous afferents from the substantia innominata, nucleus tractus diagonalis (Broca), lateral preoptic area and reticular nucleus of the thalamus.

Horseradish peroxidase(HRP)was injected in 41 rats to investigate thevestibulothalamic projections.Labelled neurons were observed in various subdivisionsof the vestibular nuclear complex following injections of the ventral anterior nucleus(VA),the ventral medial nucleus(VM),the central lateral nucleus(CL),the ventralposterior nucleus(VP),the nucleus posterior thalami(PO),the magnocellular partof the medial geniculate body(MGBmc),and the ventral nucleus of the lateralgeniculate body(LGV).From the present investigation it appears that generallyspeaking,there exist two distinct categories of vestibulothalamic projections withregard to origin as well as site of termination of the fibers.The first Category ofprojections appears to originate from all four vestibular nuclei(superior,lateral,medial,and descending)and terminate in the nonspecific thalamic nuclei includingVA,VM,and CL.It may be concerned with regulation of the general excitabilityof neurons in cortex and participation in motor performance.The second categoryof projections appears to originate only from the medial and descending vestibularnuclei and terminate in the ventral posterior nucleus and posterior group of thethalamus(including PO,MGBmc,and LGV).It may be associated with consciousvestibular perception and convergence of vestibular and somatic impulses.

The nigrothalamic projections were studied with HRP technique in 40 rats.Theanimals were divided into two groups.In one group HRP was injected into varioussubdivisions of the thalamus to observe the retrograde labelled cells in the reticularzone of substantia nigra(SNR)and in the other group HRP was injected into SNRto observe the anterograde labelled fibers and terminals in the thalamus.The nigrothalamic projections were found to originate mainly from SNR,but afew from the compact zone of substantia nigra(SNC)were also observed.Thefibers originated from all parts of the SNR,but the fibers originating from thecaudal part out number those from the rostral part and the ventral part was foundto predominate over the dorsal part.The nigrothalamic projections mainly terminated in ventral medial nucleus ofthe thalamus,but a few fibers terminating in dorsal medial nucleus,parafascicularisnucleus,ventral anterior nucleus and central lateral nucleus of the thalamus were alsofound.It is essentially similar with the site of termination and distribution ofnigrothalamic fibers in the cat and monkey,but there are some quantitative differ-ences.

WGA-HRP was injected into the dorsal part of anterior cingulate area,prelim- bic area,and dorsal agranular insular area of the prefrontal cortex in 25 rats to observe the afferent connections from the diencephalon and subcortical telencephalon. The afferent projections from the diencephalon mainly originate from the dorsome- dial nucleus of the thalamus,and some topographic localization may exist.Further- more,the afferent projections to the prefrontal cortex arise from the thalamic intralaminar nuclei(centrolateral nucleus,paracentral nucleus,centromedial nucleus and parafascicular nucleus),the ventral thalamic nuclei(ventrolateral nucleus,ven- tromedial nucleus,ventroanterior nucleus and ventroposterior nucleus),the midline nuclei(rhomboid nucleus,reuniens nucleus,paratenial nucleus,and paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus),the anteromedial nucleus,the lateral habenular nucleus, the posterior nucleus of the thalamus,and the lateral nucleus of the thalamus.The numbers projecting to the prefrontal cortex were different in different thalamic nuclei.The afferent projections from the hypothalamus mainly originate from the lateral hypothalamic area,lateral preoptic area,caudal magnocellular nucleus,and supramamillary nucleus.A few of afferent projections from the posterior hypothala- mic area,dorsomedial and ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and zona inserta were also observed.The afferent projections from the subcortical telence- phalon mainly originate from the globus pallidus,the diagonal band nucleus,the septal nuclei(medial septal nucleus,lateral septal nucleus,septofimbrial nucleus and nucleus triangularis septi),the amygdaloid nuclei(lateral amygdaloid nucleus,lateral and medial part of basal amygdaloid nucleus,medial amygdaloid nucleus and cortical amygdaloid nucleus)and the claustrum.