Objective To explore the relationship between learning and memory ability and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px)activities in specific brain areas of D-galactose model rats. Methods The aging models were induced by D-galactose in 3-month old rats, and the learning and memory ability of aging model was detected in model MG-2 maze. The activity of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in brain cortex, cerebellum,hippocampus, striatum and hypothalamus were detected immediately after rats were executed. Results The learning and memory ability of D-ga-lactose aging model was lower than that of control group. The difference of antioxidant enzyme activity among different rat brain areas was significant. The correct response rate of D-galactose aging model was( 58.9 ± 5.4 ) %, which is significantly lower than that of the control group (66.8 ±8.9) %, P ＜ 0.05. The times of response required reaching the standard after 24h of aging model rats was significantly higher than that of the control( Aging group :29.5 ± 12.8, Control group 16.6 ± 6.2; P＜ 0.01 ). Correct response rate after 24h was significantly lower than that of the control ( Aging group :67.3 ± 10.3 , Control group: 79.1 ± 6.9; P＜ 0.01 ). The SOD activity in cortex, hippocampus and striatum( Aging group :66.12 ±5.89,80.46 ± 6.57,87.82 ± 6.87; Control group :57.63 ± 4.21,67.46 ± 6.80,68.37 ± 6.52) significantly reduced ( P ＜ 0.05 and P ＜ 0.01 ).The CAT activity in cortex, hippocampus, striatum and hypothalamus( Aging group :6.45 ± 0.55,5.86 ±0.35,6.93 ± 0.63,8.89 ± 0.38; Control group :5.32 ± 0.56,4.76 ± 0.38,4.37 ± 043,6.11 ± 0.37) significantly reduced ( P ＜ 0.05 and P ＜ 0.01 ). GSH-Px activity was similar in each brain area without significance ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusions The learning and memory ability of aging mode rats decreased. The change of antioxidant enzyme activities in hippocampus, cortex, striatum and hypothalamus is closely related to learning and memory ability.

AIM: To investigate the vasorelaxant effect and mechanism of EtOAc extract from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat (CME). METHODS: The effects of CME on the contraction of rat thoracic a orta were examined. RESULTS: CME caused concentration-dependent relaxation of aorta rings precontricted with phenylephrine and K+. The effect in endothelium-intac t aorta was more effective than that in endothelium-deduced aorta. NG-nitro-L- arginine methylester, methylene blue and glibenclamide attenuated the effect of C ME significantly. However, indomethacin, propranolol, tetraethylammonium, BaCl 2, 4-aminopyridine and 5-hydroxydecanoate did not affect CME effect. The effect of SKF-525A combined with L-NAME had no obvious difference with that of L-NAME o n CME-induced relaxation. NOS activity in aorta was increased markedly by CME in vitro. CME did not reduced the contraction elicited by PE in Ca 2+-f ree medium, but reduced the contraction induced by PE in K+-free solution or C a 2+ free following input Ca 2+. CONCLUSION: CME induces both endothelium-dependent and independe nt relaxation. NO and cGMP are likely involved in the endothelium-dependent rela xation, inhibition of voltage-dependent or receptor-operate Ca 2+ channel a nd activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channel contribute in part to the endotheliu m-independent relaxation by CME.

Objective To explore the relationship between care burden and social support among family caregivers of disabled elders in Beijing urban area.Methods A cross-sectional survey based on convenience sampling was conducted among 744 family caregivers in Dongcheng District in Beijing urban area.All subjects were interviewed by the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI),Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and general social and demographical material lists.And then we analyzed the correlation between social support and care burden.Results The mean scores of ZBT and SSRS were (40.3 ± 15.2) and (31.1 ± 6.9)respectively.And a negative correlation existed between the level of caregiver burden and total social support.The care burden of disability elders was negatively associated with objective support,subjective support and social support availability (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There is a close relationship between care burden and social support among family caregivers of disabled elders.The more objective support,subjective support and social support availability the caregivers acquire,the less burden they bear.

Objective To explore the relationship between acceptance of disability and hope level in patients with total laryngectomy.Methods Totally 84 patients with total laryngectomy were recruited and investigated with the general information questionnaire,Acceptance of Disability Scale (ADS)and Herth Hope Index (HHI).Results The total score of ADS was (85.82±12.64),which showed medium level acceptance of disability.The total score of Herth Hope Index (HHI) was (35.50±8.12),which showed high level HHI.Significantly positive correlation was found between acceptance of disability and HHI.Conclusions Nurses should pay more attention to the acceptance of disability in patients with total laryngectomy,and provide effective psychological intervention to improve the patients' menial health and quality of life.

Objective To investigate the effect of community comprehensive intervention on health behavior and self-rated health status among family caregivers of disabled elderly.Methods One hundredand twenty family caregivers of disabled elderly were selected from community health service centers of Beijing Dongcheng District,and were given 6 month-comprehensive community intervention (intervention group);121 family caregivers of disabled elderly from another community were selected as the control group.The knowledge and skills of caregiving,health behaviors (daily exercise time,daily relaxation time) and self-rated health status were evaluated before and 6 months after intervention.Results The knowledge and skill scores in intervention group were improved by 50.781 points,the daily exercise time and daily relaxation time were prolonged by 0.491 h and 0.837 h,respectively after the intervention (all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in self-rated health status of two groups before and after intervention (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Community comprehensive intervention improves the knowledge and skills of caregiving,and the health behaviors among family caregivers of disabled elderly,but the intervention measures does not impact the self-rated health status of family caregivers.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 and T1 genotypes and endometriosis risk (EM).

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect the presence or absence of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes in genomic DNA isolated from the blood samples of 68 Han Chinese women with endometriosis and 28 without endometriosis.

RESULTSThe frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes in women with endometriosis were 0.721 (49/68) and 0.779 (53/68), respectively, and in women without endometriosis were 0.429 (12/28) and 0.321 (9/28), respectively. There was a significant difference with regard to the frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes between the women with and without endometriosis (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were significantly higher in the patients with stage III and IV endometriosis [0.731 (38/52) and 0.788 (41/52), respectively] than in women without endometriosis (P < 0.01), and the frequency of GSTT1 null genotype was statistically higher in patients with stage I and II endometriosis [0.75 (12/16)] than in the women without endometriosis (P < 0.01). No correlation between GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes and age, induced abortion or dysmenorrhea was detected in this study (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes may be risk factors for the development of endometriosis.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Endometriosis ; enzymology ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Genotype ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; Humans ; Risk Factors

Objective To evaluate the status of self-efficacy and explore its influencing factors in patients with Laryngeal cancers and neck stoma , so as to improve their self-efficacy and their quality of life . Methods Eighty-four patients with neck stoma , who visited or followed up laryngocarcinoma in outpatient in one first-class hospital , were sampled by convenient sampling method during July 2013 to February 2014 . General social-demographic questionnaire , colostomy self-efficacy scale, Social support scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale were used to investigate these patients′general information and self-efficacy.Results The total score of self-efficacy in eighty-four Laryngeal cancers with neck stoma was (76.56 ±24.47) points, the main influencing factors of self-efficacy in Laryngeal cancers with neck stoma were social support , depression , the time after operation .Relevant factors of self-efficacy had been utilized by single factor correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regressions to analyze .Conclusions The self-efficacy in patients with laryngeal cancer and neck stoma is affected by many factors at different levels , and nurses should focus on main influencing factors to adopt corresponding nursing measures in order to improve self-efficacy and quality of life of these patients.

Objective:To explore the taste alterations and nutritional status of lung cancer patients during chemotherapy, and analyze the correlation between the two.Methods:From June to December 2021, continuous fixed-point sampling was used to select lung cancer inpatients receiving chemotherapy in the Department of Thoracic Medicine of Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University. The patients' taste alterations were evaluated using the Chemotherapy-induced Taste Alteration Scale (CiTAS), and their nutritional status was evaluated using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM). The patients' weight and calf circumference were also measured. Taste alterations were evaluated on the first day before chemotherapy and the eighth days (T1 to T8) of the first to fourth cycles, respectively, at a total of 8 time points. The nutritional status was evaluated at four time points, including T1, T3, T5, and T7. The correlation between taste alterations and nutritional status was analyzed using generalized estimation equations.Results:A total of 77 patients completed all evaluations. The total CiTAS scores of lung cancer patients from T1 to T8 were (4.21±0.05), (5.52±0.14), (4.67±0.08), (6.05±0.17), (4.84±0.10), (6.45±0.18), (4.97±0.10) and (6.57±0.16), respectively. At T1, T3, T5, and T7, the proportion of patients with positive nutritional risk was 10.4% (8/77), 22.1% (17/77), 26.0% (20/77) and 29.9% (23/77), respectively, and the body weight was (67.08±1.07), (66.46±1.09), (66.12±1.09), (65.88±1.09) kg, and the calf circumference was (35.00±2.31), (34.71±2.41), (34.49±2.45), (34.38±2.47) cm and the number of patients with malnutrition was 1 (1.3%), 6 (7.8%), 10 (11.3%) and 11 (11.3%), respectively. The total score of CiTAS was positively correlated with NRS 2002 score, malnutrition ratio, and weight loss, while negatively correlated with calf circumference, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy have significant taste alterations, which worsen after each cycle of chemotherapy and recover before the next cycle of chemotherapy, but cannot return to baseline levels. The nutritional status of lung cancer patients is deteriorating, with an increasing proportion of patients at nutritional risk and malnutrition, as well as a continuous decline in weight and calf circumference. Taste alterations affect the nutritional status of patients. It is suggested that attention should be paid to the management of taste alterations and nutritional intervention during chemotherapy to improve the nutritional status of patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of autologous tissue breast reconstruction with microsurgical lymph node transfers and lymphatic-venous anastomoses for the treatment of mastectomy related axillary cavitydeformation and upper extremity lymphedema .Methods The donor sites of lymph node transfers were mainly chosen according to the donor site of breast reconstruction .Themicrosurgical lymph nodes were transferred to the axillary cavity .When the superficial lymph vessels could be detected in lymphangiography with indocyanine green , thelymphatic-venous anastomoses were done to improve the lymphatic drainage .The treatment effect was assessed by the perimeter changes of different parts of upper extremity, the isotope lymphangiography and associated symptoms . Results 20 cases involved in autologous tissue breast reconstruction with microsurgical lymph node transfers , 18 cases from ingruinallymph nodes and 2 cases from lateral thoracic lymph nodes .2 cases receivedlymphatic-venous anastomoses on their upper extremity .The perimeters of palm and wrist were found significantly decreased in 6 months postoperation , while the perimeters of midpoint forearm and upper arm also decreased .The cellulitis, pain and swell happened less during the follow-up from 6 months up to 4 years. The postoperation isotope lymphangiography showed functional transferred lymph nodes inaxillary cavity , better lymphatic drainage and less volume of upper extremity .The subcutaneous superficial lymphatic drainage signs could be observed by the isotope lymphangiography in cases who had lymphatic -venous anastomoseson upper extremity .Conclusions Autologous tissue breast reconstruction with microsurgical lymph node transfers and lymphatic-venous anastomoses is a promising option for the treatment of mastectomy related axillary cavitydeformation and upper extremity lymphedema .The long term results need longer follow-up and more research .

Objective To investigate the effect of autologous tissue breast reconstruction with microsurgical lymph node transfers and lymphatic-venous anastomoses for the treatment of mastectomy related axillary cavitydeformation and upper extremity lymphedema .Methods The donor sites of lymph node transfers were mainly chosen according to the donor site of breast reconstruction .Themicrosurgical lymph nodes were transferred to the axillary cavity .When the superficial lymph vessels could be detected in lymphangiography with indocyanine green , thelymphatic-venous anastomoses were done to improve the lymphatic drainage .The treatment effect was assessed by the perimeter changes of different parts of upper extremity, the isotope lymphangiography and associated symptoms . Results 20 cases involved in autologous tissue breast reconstruction with microsurgical lymph node transfers , 18 cases from ingruinallymph nodes and 2 cases from lateral thoracic lymph nodes .2 cases receivedlymphatic-venous anastomoses on their upper extremity .The perimeters of palm and wrist were found significantly decreased in 6 months postoperation , while the perimeters of midpoint forearm and upper arm also decreased .The cellulitis, pain and swell happened less during the follow-up from 6 months up to 4 years. The postoperation isotope lymphangiography showed functional transferred lymph nodes inaxillary cavity , better lymphatic drainage and less volume of upper extremity .The subcutaneous superficial lymphatic drainage signs could be observed by the isotope lymphangiography in cases who had lymphatic -venous anastomoseson upper extremity .Conclusions Autologous tissue breast reconstruction with microsurgical lymph node transfers and lymphatic-venous anastomoses is a promising option for the treatment of mastectomy related axillary cavitydeformation and upper extremity lymphedema .The long term results need longer follow-up and more research .