Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and to evaluate prognosis of critically ill patients who developed acute renal failure(ARF).Methods A retrospective study was carried out in critically ill patients who developed ARF.APACHE Ⅱ,SAPSⅡ,SOFA and ATN-ISI were used to evaluate outcome of ARF.Results The incidence of ARF in critically ill patients was 19.1% with a high mortality(51.2%).The clinical characteristics of 41 patients with ARF were:mechanical ventilation 65.9%,vasopressor support 46.3%,oliguria 41.5%,number of insufficient organs 2.16,APACHEⅡscore 17.3,SAPSⅡ score 52.0,SOFA score 9.26 and ATN-ISI 0.54.By COX regression,number of insufficient organs(RR 2.54;95%CI 1.316 ~ 4.913)(P=0.006)and requirement of mechanical ventilation(RR 6.0;95%CI 1.102~32.6)(P=0.038)were independent risk factors for ICU mortality of ARF.APACHEⅡscore,SAPSⅡscore,SOFA score and ATN-ISI were demonstrated to predict mortality of ARF patients accurately as indicated by areas under the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curves of 0.848(95% CI: 0.722~0.974;P

Objective To investigate the value of emergency hysterectomy on arresting severe postpartum hemorrhage Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 10 cases of hysterectomy by reason of postpartum hemorrhage between Jan 1990 and Dec 2000 Results All the patients were severe postpartum hemorrhage that couldn't be controlled by conservative treatment. Among them,there were 5 cases of DIC,2 cases of placental adherence,1 case each of uterine atony,uterine rupture and infection of uterine incision. Blood loss averaged 2 427 ml. All the 10 patients were recovered. Emergency hysterectomy was related to times of gestation and delivery and also to delivery pattern Conclusion Emergency hysterectomy is one of the effective methods on arresting severe postpartum hemorrhage.

Objective To explore the incidence and possible risk factors of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in the maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods A total of 375 maintenance hemodialysis patients were enrolled in this study from September 1 to 30 in 2012.The diagnosis and assessment of severity were based on the International Restless Leg Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) standard.The relevant laboratory parameters and dialysis indicators were collected,such as hemoglobin,serum ferritin,parathyroid hormone,blood flow and dialysis mode.The clinical data were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression method.Results The incidence of RLS was 13.3％ with the severity score of 18.69 ± 0.95.The logistic regression analysis showed that anuria (OR 0.292,95％ CI 0.114-0.750) and β2 microglobulin(OR 1.023,95％C1 1.003-1.044) were the risk factors for RLS in the maintenance hemodialysis patients,while hemoglobin,serum iron and parathyroid hormone were not correlated with RLS.Conclusions The incidence of RLS is high in the maintenance hemodialysis patients.The risk factors of RLS are anuria and β2 microglobulin.Therefore,the preservation of residual renal function and the improvement of dialysis adequacy,especially the removal of the middle molecular weight toxins,may reduce the occurrence of RLS and improve the quality of life in the hemodialysis patients.

The mechanisms of rHu-EPO attenuating the apoptosis after myocardial infarction in rats were studied. Thirty-two rats were divided into three groups: sham operation group (Sham), acute myocardial infarction group (MI) and rHu-EPO-treated group (MI+ EPO). Acute myocardial infarction model was made by ligating the anterior descending coronary artery. rHu-EPO was administered i. p. in MI+EPO group at the dose of 5 000 IU/kg body weight immediately after the ligation. Each rat in MI+EPO group received the same dose of rHu-EPO daily the next 6 days. On the 14th day all rats underwent hemodynamic measurements and then killed. The samples were examined with HE stain, immunohistochemistry technique (bcl-2, bax) and TUNEL dyeing. The results showed that hemodynamic function in MI+ EPO group was much better than in MI group. The number of the cells positive for bax and TUNEL in MI+ EPO group was less than that in MI group. The number of the cells positive for bcl-2 in MI+ EPO group was more than that in MI group. These findings suggested that rHu-EPO could treat myocardial infarction by preventing apoptosis and attenuating post-infarction deterioration in hemodynamic function.

Objective: To evaluate the value malnutrition-inflammation score(MIS) for the nutritional status in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.Methods: Eighty patients with maintenance hemodiaqlysis were selected in this study.MIS was used to access the nutritional status in these patients.At the same time,the laboratory indexes including serum albumin(ALB),transferrin(TRF),hemoglobin(Hb),serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),C-reactive protein(CRP),serum calcium(Ca) and phosphorus(P) were measured,and Kt/v,urea reduction ratio(URR) and protein catabolic rate(PCR) were calculated.The body composition was also measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis after postdialysis,including body weight(WT),body mass index(BMI),fat mass(FAT MASS),fat-free mass(FFM) and total body water(TBW).Results: The abnormal rates of these nutritional marker were: protein malnutrition(ALB1.8 mmol/L) 70.0%,respectively.All patients were mild or moderate malnutrition by MIS.MIS showed a significant correlation with WT,BMI,ALB,TRF,Hb and CRP(P﹤0.001,P

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of 1,25(OH)zD3 on podocyte apoptosis in kidney of puremyein aminonueleoside nephropathy (PAN) rats. Methods Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: PAN model group(PAN), 1,25 (OH)2D3 treated group (T, 0.2 μg·kg-1d-1 by garages) and normal control group (NC). PAN rat model was constructed by a single intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg body weight. Renal function and 24hour urinary protein were measured at day 3, 7, 14, 21 after PAN injection. The renal tissue morphology was observed by light and electron microscope. Podocyte apeptosis was evaluated by TUNEL. Protein expressions of nephrin, TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 were examined by immunofluoreacence, immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively. Results(1)The levels of serum creafinine, BUN and 24-h urinary protein [(20.26±4.87) mg vs (1.01±0.41) mg at day 7, P ＜0.01] were significantly higher and the number of glomerular pedocyte was significantly lower [(10.9±4.2)/glomerular volume vs (31.9±6.2)/glomerular volume at day 14, P＜0.01] in PAN group compared with NC group. T group rats had less urinary protein excretion [(9.95±3.82) mg/24 h, P＜0.01] and more glomerular podocytes compared with PAN group. (2) Distribution of nephrin expression was changed from linear to granular pattern in PAN rats on day 7, nephrin mRNA and protein expressions were markedly decreased(P＜0.01), while the number of apoptotic podocyte was increased in PAN group(P＜0.01). However, higher nephrin expression and less apoptotic podocytes were found in T group (P＜0.01). (3) Compared with NC group, the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 were higher in PAN group (P＜0.01), while 1,25 (OH)2D3 treatment abrogated PAN-induced changes in the expression of TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 (P＜0.01). Conclusions 1,25 (OH)2D3 can significantly suppress PAN-induced podocyte apoptosis and ameliorate proteinnuria. The beneficial effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on podocyte may contribute to direct suppression of TGF-β signaling.

AIM: To explore the role of TGF-?_1 and signaling transduction molecule, Smad4, in the development of glomerulosclerosis. METHODS: Expression levels of TGF-?_1, Smad4, collagen Ⅰ proteins were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in renal biopsies from 38 cases with a spectrum of glomerulonephritis, and compared with 20 normal kidney tissue with image analysis system. After stimulation with TGF-?_1, expressions of endogenous Smad4 and collagen Ⅰ mRNA and proteins and its modulation by TGF?_1 were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses in cultured human mesangial cells. RESULTS: All types of proliferative and sclerotized glomerulonephritis showed an increased expression of TGF-?_1, Smad4 and collagen Ⅰ ompared with the 20 normal kidney tissue in glomerular (P

Objective To research the pathogeny and the electromyographic characteristics of myokymia.Methods The clinical features and electromyography of 42 elderly patients with myokymia were examined. Results Symptomatic myokymia (SM) in 27 cases was caused by low salt syndrome, thyrotoxemia, urinaemia, chronic wasting diseases (such as carcinoma of the stomach or liver), brachial plexus neuropathy, lead poisoning, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuritis, succinylcholine narcosis, restless leg syndrome or Isaac's syndrome.Symptomatic facial myokymia was caused by neoplasm of the brain stem or in posterior cranial fossa, multiple sclerosis or other causes. Primary myokymia ( PM ) in 15 cases involved idiopathic generalized and benign myokymia.Compared with PM, SM was more constant and powerful. Myokymia potential appeared in the electromyograms of 42 of the patients. The majority of patients with SM had accompanying myotonic discharge. Conclusion The pathogeny and electromyographic characteristics of symptomatic myokymia are different from the primary stage.

Objective Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after cardiac surgery,especially in elderly patients,and related with poor prognosis.Although much advances in therapies of AKI have been obtained,the prognosis of patients did not improved.In the absence of proven interventions,a reasonable strategy would be to identify modifiable risk factors for AKI.The objective of the present study was to explore modifiable risk factors of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in elderly patients.Methods Data from 457 consecutive elderly patients (age ≥60 years old)who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in the Guangdong General Hospital between January 2007 and December 31,2009 were analyzed in this retrospective research.The primary outcome was AKI according to the serum creatinine criteria of the RIFLE (renal Risk,Injury,Failure,Loss of renal function and End-stage renal disease) classification as an increase in serum creatinine ＞ 50％ from baseline to peak value within the first seven postoperative days.The baseline serum creatinine was defined as the latest serum creatinine before cardiac surgery.Univariate anadysis was carried out for patients'demographics data and multivariate analysis by logistic regression was used to obtain the independent risk factors for AKI.Results Among 457 elderly patients,patients mean age was (65.22 ± 4.17) years and they comprised 253 (55.4％) men and 204 (44.6％) women.AKI occurred in 313 (68.5 ％) participants.Compared with patients without postoperative AKI,the media length of intensive care unit was longer in patients with postoperative AKI,4.0 (2.0-7.5) days versus 2.0 (1.0-3.0) days,respectively.In logistic regression model,malc (odds ratio[OR] 1.894,95％ confidence interval[CI] 1.136-3.157),age above 65 years (OR 2.391,95％ CI 1.381-4.142),hypertension (OR 2.286,95％ CI 1.249-4.184),estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 ml/min (OR 1.933,95％ CI 1.111-3.362),preoperative uric acid ＞ 450 μ mol/L (OR 2.938,95％ CI 1.633-5.285),use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor inhibitors (ACE1/ARB) before cardiac surgery (OR 2.196,95％ CI 1.283-3.759),use of ACEL/ARB after surgery (OR 0.329,95％ CI 0.156-0.691),use of diuretics (OR 0.149,95％ CI 0.068-0.326),time of cardiopulmonary bypass above 120 min (OR 5.228,95％ CI 3.023-9.041) and prolonged mechanical ventilation (OR 2.921,95％ CI 1.527-5.586) were independent factors of AKI after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.Conclusion Preoperative uric acid above 450μmol/L was a modifiable risk factor of AKI after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in elderly patients.Therapies aimed at mitigating high preoperative uric acid may offer protection against this complication.

0.05). CONCLUSION: Serum Cys C is significantly increased in ARF and correlated well with the severity of ARF. Serum Cys C can be one of the detectable markers of ARF, but it is independent of the mortality and does not predict the prognosis of these patients.