ObjectTo study the application of ultrasonic circulation technique for the extraction of triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.ex Fr.) Karst. Methods On the basis of conventional method, the processing steps of ultrasonic circulation treatment were added. Results The comparative experiments showed that less amounts of various solvents and shorter extraction time were needed for ultrasonic circulation extraction, with the product ratio of about 40 percent higher than that of conventional method. Furthermore, a good consistency of the target product analyzed by HPLC was found between two different extraction methods. Conclusion The ultrasonic circulation technique has a potential application to the extraction of triterpenoids from G. lucidum.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of surround electroacupuncture in relieving pain after operation for mixed hemorrhoids. Method Seventy-two patients with mixed hemorrhoids were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 36 cases in each group. The two groups both received the corresponding interventions once in 15 min after the operation: the treatment group received electroacupuncture treatment, and the control group was only placed in a simulated environment of electroacupuncture but without receivimg any needling treatment. The pain intensity was evaluated by using Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 11 different time points after the treatment: once every 1 h in 8 h after the treatment, once at the first defecation, once respectively 24 h and 48 h after the treatment. The data were statistically analyzed afterwards. Result At 3 h and 4 h after the treatment and at the first defecation after the treatment, the VRS scores of the treatment group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05); respectively at 4 h, 5 h, 6 h, 7 h, and 8 h after the treatment and at the first defecation, the Wong-Baker scores of the treatment group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05); respectively at 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 h, 6 h, 7 h, and 8 h after the treatment, at the first defecation, as well as at 24 h after the treatment, the VAS scores of the treatment group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05); it indicates that the pain intensity of the treatment group should be lower than that of the control group at the above time points, and the analgesic effect in the treatment group lasts a longer time, running a lower risk of losing effectiveness compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Real-time acupuncture treatment after the operation is significantly effective in relieving pain after operation for hemorrhoids.

Objective To assess the clinical value of vascular enhancement technology (VET) in diagnosis of fetal pulmonary sequestration (PS).Methods Color Doppler velocity (CDV),color Doppler energy (CDE) and VET were performed in 11 fetus with PS to display the vessels in region of interest.Results The abnormal vessels in region of interest were displayed in distinct degree with CDV,CDE and VET.The courser and disposition of the great vessels were displayed with CDV and CDE,while lumen of blood vessel was clearly discriminated with VET,while CDV depicted the direction of blood flow.Satisfaction assessment of the VET image was superior than those of CDV and CDE image (P<0.05).No difference was found between the satisfaction assessment of the CDV and CDE images (P>0.05).Conclusion VET can improve the contrast resolution,having superiority in displaying vessels and fine branches,therefore has clinical value in the diagnosis of fetal PS.

Objective To study the effect of sub-glottal convergence angle on the degree of glottal closure, and to analyze the potential mechanism of dysphonia by the incomplete glottal closure.Methods Three vocal fold positions (adduction, intermediate and abduction) were evaluated by the degree of glottal closure, and divided into three groups.The neck CT images of the subjects were gathered.The vocal folds were adduction group when the normal subjects made a sustaining phonation /i:/ during CT scanning;the vocal folds were abduction group when the normal subjects made a deep breathing during CT scanning, and the unilateral vocal folds were incomplete closing group when the unilateral vocal fold paralysis subjects made a deep breathing during CT scanning.3D models of the vocal folds and the airway were reconstructed using Mimics software, through which the sub-glottal convergence angle was measured.Using one-way factor analysis of variance, we compared the angle among three groups.Results The angle changed with degree of glottal closure, with statistically significant differences among the three groups(P<0.01).The means of the angle in three groups were 33.49°±3.75°, 55.03°±2.61° and 75.02°±7.32°.Conclusion The 3D model generation from CT data is an effective method of measuring the sub-glottal convergence angle, while the angle changes with the degree of glottis closure.The angle may affect sub-glottal pressure distribution in the sub-glottal shear or normal direction and influence vocal fold vibration, which would make vibration and vocal fold mucosal wave generation more difficult, and might cause dysphonia.

OBJECTIVE: To analysis the acoustic characteristics in patients with unilateral arytenoid dislocation and unilateral vocal fold paralysis, and evaluate the application value of acoustic analysis technique in these two diseases. METHOD: The voice signals of sustained vowel /a/ were measured using the software MDVP in 50 healthy adults and 67 patients with unilateral vocal cord movement disorders. The acoustic parameters (jitter, shimmer, NHR and F₀) were analyzed. All patients were divided into arytenoid dislocation group (36 cases) and vocal fold paralysis group (31 cases) through the laryngeal electromyography. All groups were divided into male and female group again. The acoustic characteristics between the two experimental groups and normal control groups were observed and compared. Results were analyzed using Rank sum test. RESULT: (1) In both male or female groups, there were significant differences in jitter and shimmer between two experimental group and control group. In both male or female groups, there were significant differences in NHR between arytenoid dislocation group and control group. There were no significant differences in NHR between vocal fold paralysis group and control group. Except for the male vocal fold paralysis group, there were significant differences in F between the other experimental groups and control groups. (2) In both male or female groups, there were no significant differences in jitter and shimmer between vocal fold paralysis group and arytenoid dislocation group. There were significant differences in NHR. CONCLUSION The acoustic parameters are effective parameters to measure the voice quality of patients with unilateral arytenoid dislocation and unilateral vocal fold paralysis. NHR is the most sensitive parameter in the distinction of vocal cord paralysis and arytenoid dislocation.
Acoustics ; Adult ; Arytenoid Cartilage ; physiopathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Software ; Vocal Cord Paralysis ; diagnosis ; Vocal Cords ; physiopathology ; Voice Quality

Objective To investigate the correlation between quantitative parameters with contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and microvessel density (MVD).Methods Thirty-four placenta of rat model of preeclampsia underwent CEUS examination.The peak intensity time curves on the enhanced images were analyzed quantitatively with computer to get quantitative parameters[the time to peak(TTP), maximal peak intensity(Imax), the area under curve(AUC) and the mean perfusion volume(V)].These parameters were compared with MVD counted with immunohistochemistry and the correlation was statistically studied.Results The TTP in the enhanced images was (14.55 ± 3.45)s, Imax was (20.83 ± 6.15) dB, AUC was (1868.61 ± 25.76)dB, V was (58.01 ± 23.56)dB, and the MVD of placenta of rat model of preeclampsia was (88.98 ± 24.78) in 34 rats.The Imax was correlated positively to MVD (r = 0.885, P = 0.000) ,AUC was correlated positively to MVD (r = 0.677, P = 0.001), V was correlated positively to MVD (r =0.877, P = 0.000).There was no correlation between TTP and MVD in lesions.Conclusions The Imax,AUC and V calculated with CEUS were correlated to MVD, these parameters were valuable index for quantitative evaluation of placental blood perfusion.

AIM: To investigate the action of diltiazem (a calcium antagonist) on the expression of heme oxygenase (HO) -1 and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the small pulmonary arteries (SPA) of rat in chronic hypoxia. METHODS: Chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension models were established by treating the rats in hypoxic environment[(10%?1%)O 2] for 6 weeks. After 2 weeks of hypoxia, rats were treated with diltiazem (15 mg/kg/day). Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) were measured. Pathological changes in the lungs were observed under the light microscope and transmission electron microscope. The expression and distribution of heme oxygenase (HO) -1, endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) were tested by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Guanosine-3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) of lung tissues were detected with radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Diltiazem significantly decreased abnormal RVSP, and RVHI in model rats, attenuated the SPA media thickeness, and recovered abnormal eNOS and iNOS expression in SPA. Whereas diltiazem had little effect on the increased HO-1 expression in SPA caused by hypoxia and ultrastructure injury in endothelium. cGMP levels were corresponded with HO-1. CONCLUSION: Diltiazem has a significant effect on inhibiting hypoxic pulmonary hypertension structural remodeling. These effects might be partly attributed to the suppression of iNOS, promotion of eNOS, and not attenuation HO-1 expression in the lung of hypoxic rats.

Bao-Xie-Ning (BXN), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) formula composed of Fructus Evodiae, Flos Caryophylli and Cortex Cinnamomi, and used for the treatment of infant diarrheal illness, was subject to systematic assessment for its putative multiple pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacological antidiarrheal mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of hyalinized chorda tympani nerve canal in mastoid segment to landmark facial nerve in middle ear surgery by means of observing the location relationship between hyalinized chorda tympani nerve canal and facial nerve. METHOD: 118 cases of cholesteatoma otitis media in our hospital undergoing tympanoplasty from 2008 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. In all the cases, the position of horizontal semicircular and fossa incus as well as the hyalinized chorda tympani nerve canal were used for landmark the height of facial ridge and vertical segment of facial nerve. RESULT: The chorda tympani nerve of 99 patients were higher than the vertical segment of the facial nerve which were not exposed, and the vertical segment of the facial nerve in 9 patients, which were exposed, were 1-2 mm lower and 2-3 mm ahead or backward than the chorda tympani nerve. The horizontal semicircular and fossa incus were broken in 9 patients, of whom the vertical segments of the facial nerve were 1-2 mm lower and 2-3 mm ahead or backward than the chorda tympani nerve. The chorda tympani nerve of 1 patient were lower than the exposed vertical segment of facial nerve. CONCLUSION The hyalinized chorda tympani nerve canal in mastoid segment can landmark the positon of facial ridge, and it would be the complement to the traditional method of landmarking vertical segment of facial nerve, especially for those whose horizontal semicircular canal and fossa incus had been broken.
Adult ; Aged ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear ; surgery ; Chorda Tympani Nerve ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mastoid ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Otologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can promote neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of rat hippocampus.

METHODSWestern blot analysis, immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescent double labeling combined with confocal microscope were used to detect neurogenesis in the DG of the hippocampus in rats after ICH.

RESULTSThe expression of DCX protein in the ipsilateral DG of the hippocampus was enhanced in the rats 1 day after ICH (0.202∓0.062) as compared with that in normal rats (0.127∓0.088), reaching the peak level at 14 days (0.771∓0.108, P<0.01) and beginning to decrease at 28 days (0.582∓0.121, P<0.01). Meanwhile, DCX-positive cells and BrdU-positive cells, and DCX/BrdU double-labeled cells were detected in the DG of the hippocampus. Compared with those in the control group, BrdU/NeuN double-labeled cells were markedly increased in the granular cell layer of the DG at 28 days after ICH (1.808∓1.020 vs 5.654∓1.671, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONICH can promote neurogenesis in the DG of rat hippocampus.

Animals ; Antigens, Nuclear ; metabolism ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; metabolism ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Dentate Gyrus ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Neurogenesis ; physiology ; Neurons ; metabolism ; physiology ; Neuropeptides ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley