To establish the quality standards, the authors identified Semen Arecae and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae in Xiaoerxiaoshi Tablets with TLC and determined the content of ursolic acid and organic acids with TLC-colorimetry and neutralization method.

Objective of this study is to re-compute the national hospitalization rate in China using the second-hand data and explore the practical use of systematic review in health policy research field.Methods Domestic literatures on hospitalization rate in the last six years were collected and quality assessment was done.Merging analysis was used based upon systematic review approach.Results 25 reported literatures on hospitalization rate of urban and rural residents were included into the study.After merging analysis,the hospitalization rates were 4.70% for the country,5.31% for the urban and 4.26% for the rural.They are higher than the reported hospitalization rate in National Health Services Survey (NHSS)in 2003.After merging with the NHSS data,the hospitalization rate were 4.12%,4.85% and 3.82% respectively.Conclusions Systematic review can be applied in health service and policy research field.Data merging and information processing methods are diversified and could be selected upon research purpose and data attribute.Computation methods in systematic review in health policy research still need to be developed.

Objective The effect of lidocaine and bupivacaine on the Na+ current of dorsal horn neurons was observed to further evaluate the mechanism of local anesthetics . Methods The dorsal horn neurons of the SD neonates(0-7 d) were isolated acutely. Under the condition of holding voltage -80mV , and testing voltage -30mV with duration of 20 ms , the whole-cell patch-clamp technique was applied to recording the changes of voltage-gated Na+ currents following the administration of lidocaine or bupivacaine at 50-1000?mol/L.Results The voltage-gated Na+ currents ranged from 0.5-8nA peak amplitude , was inhibited by lidocaine and bupivacaine at clinical concentrations, the inhibitory degree was parallelly correlated with the concentration of local anesthetics(r=0.949 and 0.847 ,P

Objective To study the effects of propofol on the whole-cell sodium currents in rat sympathetic neurons in order to investigate the mechanisms of propofol-mediated peripheral vasodilation.Methods Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made from enzymatically isolated rat superior cervical sympathetic neurons.Results Propofol dose-dependently blocked the whole-cell sodium currents evoked by a voltage step from a holding potential of -- 80mV to 0mV with a mean IC50 value of 32. 19?mol/L (r = 0. 982, P

Objective To estimate the operational efficiency of 37 county level public general hospitals in Hubei province using the world popular method of Bootstrap-data envelopment analysis.The aim is to make up for the theory and methodology gaps on DEA research for hospitals in China,and to provide policy and management recommendations for their further improvement.Methods The input and output indicators of hospital efficiency evaluation were selected based on our previous research.R Software was used to describe the current input and output indicators,while FEAR package used to measure Bootstrap-DEA efficiency value of the sample hospitals with bias corrected,along with such applied analysis as efficiency benchmarking for the technical efficiency outcomes.Results There are great differences among the healthcare input and output of these hospitals.In particular,the difference in the number of actual beds was 4.67 times between the highest hospital and the lowest one.All of the bias corrected efficiency scores were lower than those before correction,and the average bias corrected score of the sample hospitals is 0.717 9.Moreover,only 20 hospitals(54.05%)have their efficiency scores above the median level.Conclusions The healthcare resources allocation of these hospitals needs to be further optimized.Hospitals still have big potential to improve their efficiency.Besides providing policy support,the government is advised to guide hospitals to innovate their management mechanisms,such as introducing and applying benchmarking,ranking,inter-hospital learning among others,so as to continuously improve their operational efficiency.

The advancement of research work on the carcinogenicity and its inhibition of 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), a tobacco-specific N-nitrosamine, was reviewed in the present paper. Carbonyl reduction and ?-hydroxylation were the major routes of NNK metabolic activation, the main target organ of NNK carcinogenicity was the lung and the carcinogenic probability related to the individual, organic isothiocyanates were the most potent inhibitors for NNK carcinogenicity. Eating more cruciferae vegetables and fruit and drinking more green and black tea would be helpful for smokers and passive smokers. Research about the nosogenesis and carcinogenicity and its inhibition of the harmful components in cigarette smoke should be further reinforced.

Objective To explore the assessment of precision, accuracy, and quality control(QC) procedures needed to satisfy the external quality assessment criteria with "operational process specifications" (OPSpecs) derived from an analytical quality-planning model. Methods The routine operating specifications were presented in the form of an OPSpecs chart, which described the operational limits for imprecision and inaccuracy when a desired level of quality assurance was provided by a specific QC procedure. Results OPSpecs charts could be used to compare the operational limits for different QC procedures and to select a QC procedure that was appropriate for the precision and accuracy of a specific measurement procedure. The inaccuracy and imprecision observed for a measurement procedure was plotted on the OPSpecs chart to define the current operating point, which was then compared with the operational limits of candidate QC procedures. Conclusion The general design approach is applicable in all instrument systems.

Objective:This study aims to ensure the private hospitals development strategy in the background of new healthcare reform and put forward some scientific suggestions to help promote their sustainable development. Methods:The SWOT analysis method was adopted to analyze the private hospitals’ internal strength, weakness, exter-nal opportunity and threats. Results: The results showed a clear property right, advanced management system and other outstanding advantages in the private hospitals. Opportunities like the improved policy environment and people’s medical demand expansion are also very prominent. Meanwhile, the private hospitals development also faces some disadvantages and challenges such as illegal operation, disorder in the market competition, vague orientation, etc. Conclusions:It suggests the strengthening of the personnel and hospital culture construction, adoption of the differen-tiation strategy, improvement of the diagnosis and treatment ability, etc.

Congresses as Topic ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans

Objective: To investigate the birth defect condition in Haidian district of Beijing city, 61 272 live-born infants who were delivered in Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2003 to the March of 2009 are analyzed. Methods: Data was collected from the hospital' s medical records and from the birth defect surveillance. Results: Among the newborns studied, 1 076 were found having birth defect (17.56‰). The most common birth defects are congenital heart defect, followed by dysmorphosis of external ear, polydactyly, hypospadia, cleft lip and palate. In addition, three birth defects that are not included in the birth defect surveillance list were enorchia, renal agenesis and giant hemangioma. The birth defect rates of preterm and small for gestational age infants are significantly higher than it of the term infants. The birth defect patterns for these two types of abnormal infants are distinct. Conclusion: We have determined the pattern of birth defects in Beijing, which may help in policy-making regarding the prevention and intervention of birth defects.