OBJECTIVE:To establish the HS-GC method for the content determination of menthol in Qiangli Pipa syrup,and the content of menthol in 56 batches of Qiangli Pipa syrup commercially available was determined. METHODS:HS-GC was per-formed on the column of Agilent HP-INNOWAX,column temperature was 130 ℃(maintaining 7 min),FID was used as detector, inlet temperature was 200 ℃,detector temperature was 250 ℃,carrier gas was high-purity nitrogen,flow rate was 3 ml/min,split ratio was 10∶1 and the injection volume was 1 000 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of menthol was 0.007 07-0.141 40 mg/ml(r=0.999 1);RSDs of precision,reproducibility and stability tests were no more than 3.37%;average recovery was 94.3%-99.6%(RSD=1.86%,n=6). There was significant difference in the contents of menthol in 56 batches Qiangli Pipa syrup. CONCLU-SIONS:The method is simple,sensitive,accurate and reliable,and can be used for content determination of menthol in Qiangli Pi-pa syrup. The sampling results show it is necessary to update the detecting items for the content of Qiangli pipa loquat and strength-en the quality control of it.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the mass scores of naringin and neohesperidin in Fructus aurantii and Citrus chang-shan-huyou with their processed products and evaluate the quality of Fructus aurantii and Citrus changshan-huyou with their pro-cessed products. METHODS:According to the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition)and Zhejiang Province Tradi-tional Chinese Medicine Preparation Standards (2005 edition),the moisture and ash of F. aurantii and C. changshan-huyou with their processed products were detected. And the contents of naringin and neohesperidin were determined. The ZORBAX SB-C18 column was used with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-water(20∶80,V/V)at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wave-length was set at 283 nm,and the column temperature was 40℃.The samples size was 10μl. RESULTS:The moisture of F. au-rantii and C. changshan-huyou was decreased after processing with no obvious change for ash. The contents of naringin and neohes-peridin were decreased,significantly for F. aurantii,and all consistent with the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edi-tion)except F. aurantii. The linear range was 0.028 45-0.284 5μg(r=0.999 7)for naringin and 0.085 9-0.858 6μg(r=0.999 6)for neohesperidin;the RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were no more than 1.36% and the average recovery was re-spectively 96.45%-100.43%(RSD=1.45%,n=6) and 98.36%-102.00%(RSD=1.26%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in the inspection and determination re-sults in F. aurantii and C. changshan-huyou. It is suggested to adjust the limitation of content determination in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition)and processed standards.

OBJECTIVE To develop a method for simultaneous content determination of menthone, menthol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 3-butenyl phthalide, atractyline, ligustilide in Honghua Xiaoyao tablets. METHODS The quantitative analysis was carried out on a capillary of HP-5(30 m×250 μm, 0.25 μm) column combined with an oven temperature program; inlet port temperature 250 ℃; detector temperature 280 ℃, split sampling at a split ratio 10∶1. RESULTS The 6 components were completely separated and could be well separated from other components; menthone, menthol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 3-butenyl phthalide, atractyline, ligustilide showed a good linear relationship with the chromatographic peak area within the range of 1.37-87.38, 13.67-874.55, 2.05-65.49, 3.35-107.20, 3.49-111.60, 6.95-444.60 μg·mL-1(r≥0.999 0). The average recovery was 97.63%(RSD=3.27%), 94.25%(RSD=1.80%), 97.54%(RSD=2.39%), 103.81%(RSD=1.75%), 94.30% (RSD=2.32%), 98.97%(RSD=2.36%)(n=6), respectively. And its content in 39 batches of Honghua Xiaoyao tablets were determined. CONCLUSION This method is easy to operate, accurate, reliable, and has good repeatability, can be used to supplement the insufficient quality control of Honghua Xiaoyao tablets.

Objective: To observe the etiology, comorbidities, clinical features and treatment patterns of hospitalized patients with heart failure (HF) in China. Methods: Data were collected prospectively on hospitalized patients with HF who were enrolled in China Heart Failure Center Registry Study from 169 participating hospitals from January 2017 to August 2018. In this cross-sectional study, patients were stratified by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) category: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, LVEF<40%); heart failure with mid-ranged ejection fraction (HFmrEF, 40%≤LVEF<50%) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF, LVEF≥50%). The clinical data were collected, including demographic information, diagnosis, signs, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, laboratory tests, and treatment. Results: A total of 31 356 hospitalized patients with HF were included, 19 072 (60.8%) were males and the average age was (67.9±13.6) years old. The common causes of HF were hypertension (57.2%), coronary heart disease (54.6%), dilated cardiomyopathy (14.7%), valvular heart disease (9.2%). The common complications were atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (34.1%), diabetes (29.2%), and anemia (26.7%). 32.8% of patients had a history of hospitalization for HF within the previous 12 months. There were 11 034 (35.2%) patients with HFrEF, 6 825 (21.8%) patients with HFmrEF and 13 497 (43.0%) patients with HFpEF. Compared with patients with HFpEF, patients with HFrEF had a lower systolic blood pressure ((124.7±21.1)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. (134.9±22.9)mmHg), faster heart rate ((85±19) beats/minutes vs. (81±19)beats/minutes), and higher percentage of New York Heart Association (NYHA) class Ⅳ, smoking, alcohol, left bundle branch block, and QRS time≥130 ms, and higher levels of blood uric acid, BNP, and NT-proBNP (all P<0.05). Compared with patients with HFmrEF and HFrEF, patients with HFpEF were older, more women, and higher comorbidity burden including hypertension, atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter, anemia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (all P<0.05). HFmrEF took a mid-position between HFrEF and HFpEF in age, gender, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, hypertension, atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter, anemia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (all P<0.05). Patients with HFmrEF had the highest proportion of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and percutaneous coronary intervention (all P<0.05). During hospitalization, loop diuretics were used in 90.2% of patients, and intravenous inotropics were used in 20.4% of patients. The use of ACEI/ARB/ARNI, β blockers and aldosterone receptor antagonists at discharge were 71.8%, 79.1% and 83.6% in HFrEF and 69.9%, 75.5% and 72.4% in HFmrEF, respectively. The use of digoxin at discharge was 25.3% (HFrEF 36.7%, HFmrEF 23.1%, HFpEF 17.0%). The rates of cardiac resynchronization therapy and implantable cardioverter defibrillator in HFrEF were 2.7% and 2.1%. Conclusions Among the hospitalized patients with HF in China, coronary heart disease and hypertension are the mostly prevalent causes. HFpEF accounts for a large proportion of hospitalized patients with HF. HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF have different etiology and clinical features. In real-world, there are still large gaps in the effective application of the guideline recommended therapies to HF patients, especially the non-pharmacological therapy option, which needs to be improved further in China.