This paper reviews the current research of the influencing factors and nursing interventions in traumatic brain injury of patients with increased intracranial pressure.Summarizes the various nursing interventions methods such as position,hypothermia,sputum suction, basic nursing to preventing or reducing increased intracranial pressure of patients. We expect to provide the references in reducing patient′s increased intracranial pressure meanwhile maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion, preventing complications and improving the prognosis.

Objective We tried to investigate the level of diet knowledge,attitude,practice and dietary information needs in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods A total of 78 UC patients were investigated with self-designed questionnaires about diet knowledge,attitude,practice and dietary information needs.Results The diet knowledge was poor among the patients,and only 11.5％ of them got good score.The attitude was positive but the behavior needed to be further improved.Diet behavior was significantly associated with knowledge,attitude,but the knowledge was not associated with the attitude.Patients with different genders,ages,culture levels,disease severity were not statistically significant in the knowledge,attitude and behavior,and eating behavior in patients with different careers,course of diseases was different,but there was no statistically significant difference in diet knowledge and attitude.37.2％ of patients expressed unsatisfactory feeling about current diet knowledge,79.5％ of the patients expected one-onone individualized instruction by paramedics.Conclusions The medical staff should assess the level of the diet knowledge,attitude,behavior of the patients in the health education,pay close attention to the influenc-ing factors and patients' needs,and provide individualized guidance for patients.

Objective To evaluate the effect of motivational interviewing (MI) on the medication adherence and self-efficacy in patients with ulcerative colitis.Methods Totally 81 patients with ulcerative colitis were randomly divided into the control group(n=40) and the experimental group(n=41).The patients in the control group received routine ulcerative colitis education,while the patients in the experimental group received developed motivational interviewing intervention.The problems existing in treatment course were found out through interview and protocols were made with patients together.Results One and three months after the intervention,the scores of medication adherence in the experimental group were (7.20±0.85) and (6.57±1.02),higher than those of the control group(6.48±0.71) and (5.98±0.85),t=3.868,2.655,both P＜ 0.05.Self-efficacy scored higher in the experimental group than that of the control group,(229.73±14.61) vs.(213.60±13.06),t=5.233,P ＜ 0.01.Conclusions Motivational interviewing is much more effective than routine education on the improvement of medication adherence and self-efficacy in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Objective To investigate the effects of different angles of the head of bed on intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Methods A prospective self-controlled study was used. The parameters of mean arterial pressure (MABP) and cerebral blood flow on 43 patients with STBI, were measured at 0° , 10° , 20° and 30° respectively. The changes of ICP and CPP were calculated according to the formula. Results With the angles of head of bed was up from 0° to 30° , MABP gradually reduced, (102.57 ± 8.34) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133kPa), (100.74 ± 8.12) mmHg, (97.32 ± 7.94) mmHg, (94.82 ± 8.38) mmHg, so was ICP, which were (24.50 ± 6.29) mmHg, (22.88 ± 6.18) mmHg, (19.57 ± 6.22) mmHg, (17.32 ± 6.77) mmHg, and the difference was statistically significant(F=13.38,F=14.03,P<0.01). CPP reduced slightly, (78.03 ± 5.47) mmHg, (77.86 ± 5.50) mmHg, (77.75 ± 5.61) mmHg, (75.51 ± 5.76) mmHg, but the difference was not statistically significant(F=2.09,P>0.05). For moderate increased intracranial pressure patients (ICP< 25 mmHg), when the angles of head of bed up to 20° , ICP decreased gradually to(27.46 ± 5.20)mmHg and the difference was statistically significant (F=5.97,P <0.05), however,CPP did not change significantly, which was(77.50±5.35)mmHg (F=5.03,P>0.05). Conclusions Elevating the head to 30 °can rapidly reduce the intracranial pressure and ensure enough cerebral perfusion. It is a safe and effective treatment for the similar patients in emergency rescue and nursing. At the same time, for the patients with moderate intracranial hypertension (ICP ≥25 mmHg), elevation the head of bed up to 20 ° can reduce the adverse effects of intracranial pressure adaptability shortage and the cerebral hypoperfusion, increase the safety of nursing care, and reduce the secondary brain injuries.

Objective To carry on the theoretical research of nursing outcomes and indicators of hospitalized patients with coronary heart diease (CHD).Methods Self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted according to the Nursing Outcomes Classification,and then using it among 14 cardiology nursing experts.Results After experts questionnaire,determined 13 nursing outcomes,63 major indicators and 38 secondary indicators,while eliminated 9 indicators.Conclusion Formation of nursing outcomes and indicators of hospitalized patients with CHD is practical,professional,systemic and simplicity,it can be used as a tool to guide the clinical nursing practice.

Objective To discuss the feasibility of constructing the system of traditional Chinese medicine nursing diagnosis.Methods Based on the theoretical analysis and status quo analysis,the feasibility of constructing the system of TCM nursing diagnosis was discussed,and the achievements and problems waiting for settlement were also narrated.Resuts It has the foundation of constructing the system of TCM nursing diagnosis,but some problems still need to be solved.Conclusions It is feasible for building TCM nursing diagnosis system,and the TCM nursing diagnosis system does not conflict with NANDA-I.

Objective To describe the factors influencing medication compliance of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and provide a reference for health care workers developing effective response plans.Methods In-depth interview was conducted to 10 UC patients and the interview results were analyzed by phenomenology research method.Results There were five factors influence medication compliance of UC patients including drug affect,economic burden,living events,follow-up appointment and stigma.Conclusions The medication compliance of UC patients is mainly related to patients lacking of drugs knowledge,heavy burden on drugs cost and shortage of social support etc.The health education and medication supervision on UC patients should be strengthened and the social health insurance system on UC needed to be improved.

Objective We sought to establish the standard operation procedures in department of cardiology.Methods According to the method of constructing standard operation procedures,the standard operation procedures for the department of cardiology was constructed through induction and consulting literature materials.Results 16 standard operation procedures for the department of cardiology were developed,including 8 SOP of common diseases to rescue,2 SOP of common operation in perioperative period,4 SOP for common instruments,2 SOP for common drugs usage.Conclusions Construction of standard operation procedures in department of cardiology can provide the basis for clinical nursing work,it can also supply methodological reference to build the standard operation procedures in other departments.

Objective To analyze the TCM literature of stomachache based on content analysis, and to explore the law of selecting points in nursing of qi stagnation syndrome. Methods Terms such as"stomachache","distension","belching","gastritis""functional dyspepsia"and"peptic ulcer"were used as the characteristic words, and the CNKI, Wanfang data, VIP, CBM, Pubmed and Embase databases were retrieved to find literature of acupoint therapies for this symptom, while snowball was conducted to expand the literature. SPSS20.0 and Rost Content Mining 5.8 softwares were used to analyze the contents of the included literature, and to explore the syndrome differentiation rules of acupoint therapy in patients with stomachache of qi stagnation. Results Totally 279 Chinese and 27 English articles were included. Through bibliometric analysis, word frequency statistics and cluster analysis, the most commonly used acupoint therapies included acupuncture, acupoint massage, acupoint application, acupoint embedding, acupoint injection. The most common selected acupoints of qi stagnation syndrome was Zusanli, Zhongwan, Neiguan, Taichong, Qimen, Zhangmen, Pishu, Weishu and Ganshu. Conclusions The application of content analysis method in the field of TCM nursing provides a scientific method for summarizing the literature in the future, and is worthy of popularization and application in clinical nursing.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of swallowing training supplemented with neuromuscular electrical stimulation to provide a reference for clinical treatment and further study.Methods Reports of randomized and controlled trials of surface neuromuscular electrical stimulation in treating post-stroke dysphagia were sought in the Cochrane library,the PubMed and Embase databases,the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL),and also in the ProQuest,PsycARTICLES,CBMdisc,China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),CQVIP database and Wanfang databases.All of the literature found was evaluated by 2 researchers according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and the data were extracted and combined.Then meta-analysis was performed using version 5.3 of the RevMan software package.Results Eleven randomized and controlled trials involving 576 patients were included in the meta-analysis.Together,the data showed that swallowing training supplemented by neuromuscular electrical stimulation is significantly more effective than swallowing training alone in improving swallowing function.It reduces the risk of aspiration and improves quality of life.It does not,however,generally shorten the pharyngeal transmit time.Conclusions Swallowing training supplemented with neuromuscular electrical stimulation is a promising approach for treatment of post-stroke dysphagia and warrants further study.