Objective To observe clinical effect of treating urinary calculi with Lithagogue decoction combined with western medicine. Methods 32 cases patients with urinary calculi were randomly recruited into a control group and a treatment group. The control group was treated with anisodamine, ivgtt, and progesterone, im, and the treatment group was treated with lithagogue decoction based on the control group. The clinical effect was observed in both groups. Results The clinical effect was 93.8% and 68.7% in the treatment group and the control group respectively, the difference showing statistic significance (χ~2=3.459, P<0.05) .Conclusion The treatment of urinary calculi with Lithagogue decoction combined with western medicine is better than with western medicine only.

Objective To explore the clinical effects of single-agent Xeloda (Capecitabine) therapy and the related risk factors in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Method Seventy-eight patients with advanced colorectal cancer were treated with oral Xeloda, 1250 mg/m 2 twice daily, on days 1-14 every 21 days. At least 2 cycles were administered. The short-term clinical effects were evaluated, and the related risk factors were tested by Logistic regression analysis. Results The overall response rate was 32.05%with 5 cases complete response (CR), 20 cases partial response (PR), 31 cases stable disease (SD), 22 cases progress disease (PD). The Logistic regression analysis showed that the age (OR=1.52, 95%CI 1.015~2.319), fast blood glucose (OR=1.30, 95%CI 1.483~3.677), albumin (OR=1.98, 95%CI 1.526~2.572), ALT (OR=2.37, 95%CI 1.621~3.509) and AST (OR=2.21, 95%CI 1.526~2.572) were independent risk factors for inefficient treatment. Conclusion The single-agent Xeloda (Capecitabine) is an efficacious treatment for the patients with advanced colorectal cancer. However, the inefficient rate is also high and it relates to a variety of factors. We should comprehensively evaluate the patients to improve the short-term clinical effects.

Lipodystrophies represent a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by varying degrees of body fat loss and predisposition to insulin resistance and metabolic complications such as diabetes mellitus,hypertrigly-ceridemia and hepatic steatosis. The lipodystrophies can be divided into generalized,partial or local,depending on the degree and locality of the observable fat loss;moreover,the generalized and partial divisions can be partitioned further into congenital or acquired forms. Until now,11 genetic factors including AGPAT2,BSCL2,CAVI,PTRF,PPARG, LMNA,ZMPSTE24,AKT2,CIDEC,PLINI and WRN were reported to be involved in congenital lipodystrophies. The most prevalent subtype of acquired lipodystrophy currently occurs with prolonged duration of protease inhibitor - contai-ning,highly - active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)- infected patients. Other types of acquired lipodystrophies are mainly autoimmune in origin and display complement abnormalities. The current manage-ment includes cosmetic surgery and early identification and treatment of metabolic and other complications with diet, exercise,hypoglycemic drugs,and lipid - lowering agents. Metreleptin treatment demonstrated remarkable clinical effect and good tolerance.

Objective To study the early diagnostic value of procalcitonin(PCT),high-sensitivity C-reactive pro-tein(hs-CRP)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI)in patients in intensive care unit(ICU).Methods 78 ICU patients with suspected CRBSI between April 2013 and April 2015 were selected, blood specimens of patients on the first day of admission and being suspected CRBSI were taken,blood and venous catheter tips were performed culture,patients were divided into CRBSI group and non-CRBSI group according to culture results of blood and venous catheter tips,diagnostic values of PCT,hs-CRP,and IL-6 were compared. Results 28 patients were diagnosed CRBSI.On the day of being suspected with CRBSI,levels of PCT,hs-CRP, IL-6,and white blood cell (WBC)in CRBSI group were significantly higher than non-CRBSI group respectively ([3.35±1 .52]μg/L vs [1 .22±0.44]μg/L;[32.90 ±11 .10]mg/L vs [23.50 ±6.00]mg/L;[423.20 ±171 .70] ng/L vs [257.90±81 .40]ng/L;[12.70±2.70]×109/L vs [11 .20±1 .90]×109/L],P <0.05 ).The receiver op-erating characteristic curve(ROC)analysis showed that area under the curve (AUC)and 95% CI of PCT,hs-CRP, IL-6,and WBC were 0.92(0.85,0.99),0.75(0.62,0.88),0.80(0.67,0.92),and 0.64(0.50,0.72)respectively;sensitivity were 0.82,0.64,0.71 ,and 0.46 respectively;specificity were 0.92,0.94,0.92,and 0.88 respectively. Conclusion PCT and IL-6 have high effectiveness for early diagnosis of CRBSI in ICU patients,and have certain predictive value for early diagnosis of CRBSI.

Objective: To investigate the hepatoprotective activities of the extracts from Citrullus colocynthis (ECC), a native plant used as traditional Uigur Medicine on acute liver injury in mice. Methods: The activities of ECC of petroleum ether (ECCPE), chloroform (ECCC), ethyl acetate (ECCEA), n-butyl alcohol (ECCBA), and water (ECCW) were evaluated in vivo using two experimental models, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- and bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute hepatotoxicity in mice. The contents of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum were determined and the liver histological examination was carried out, respectively. Results: The pretreatment with ECC for 7 d obviously reduced the impact of CCl4 toxicity on the serum markers of liver damage, ECCEA and ECCC with a significant difference of AST (P < 0.01, 0.05, respectively) and ALT (P < 0.05, 0.01, respectively). The protective activity was reconfirmed against BCG + LPS-induced injury and the serum enzymatic levels were obviously elevated, for ECCEA and ECCC with a significant difference of AST (P < 0.05, 0.01, respectively) and ALT (P < 0.01, 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: That ECCEA and ECCC are the potent hepatoprotective extracts that could protect liver against the acute injury, and this ability might be attributed to their hepatoprotective potentials. © 2013 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines.

Objective To optimize the preparation technology of transcription activator (TAT) and polyethylene glycols (PEG) co-modified tilianin-loaded composite phospholipid liposome (TAT & PEG tilianin CPL, T&PTCPL) and investigate its protective effect on cardiomyocytes. Methods The composite phospholipid liposome was prepared by thin film-ultrasonic method. A three- factor, three-level Box-Behnken experimental design was employed. The weight ratio of total phospholipid to tilianin (X1), the concentration of DSPE-PEG2000-TAT (X2), and hydration volume (X3) were observed. The encapsulation efficiency (Y1), particle size (Y2), and polydispersion coefficient (Y3) were evaluated to optimize optimal formula. In addition, hypoxia/reoxygenation model was established with Na2S2O4 in H9C2 cells. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malonaldehyde (MDA) level and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) were assessed to evaluate the effect of T&PTCPL, meanwhile, the in vitro release rate (dynamic dialysis method) and absorption rate of tilianin and T&PTCPL in Caco-2 cell were examined. Results The optimal formula was as following: X1 = 20, X2 = 1.7%, and X3 = 3.2 mL; The encapsulation efficiency was (86.62 ± 2.51)%, particle size was (149.7 ± 8.2) nm and PDI was 0.15 ± 0.05. Compared with model group, T&PTCPL and tilianin groups increased SOD activity, inhibited level of MDA, LDH and CK-MB leakage (P < 0.05), and the effect of T&PTCPL group was better than tilianin group, meanwhile, T&PTCPL was completely released at 48 h, with a cumulative release of 88.65%, and Caco-2 cells had better absorption of T&PTCPL. Conclusion The Box-Behnken design is suitable for optimizing the formulation of T&PTCPL, and the observed responses are in close agreement with the predicted values of the mathematic models; Moreover, T&PTCPL shows a better sustained release effect in vitro release, which promots the absorption of tilianin in Caco-2 cells and suggests that T&PTCPL may have protective effect on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.

Objective: To investigate the technology for the separation and purification of extract in Dracocephalum moldevica (EDM) by macroporous resin. Methods: Static and dynamic adsorption-desorption were used to select the best one from seven different type macroporous resins; With the content of total flavonoids, tilianin, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, and rosmarinic acid as indexes, the purification technology parameters of EDM were optimized. Results: HPD600 resin showed the best purifying profile, its optimum technology conditions were as follows: The optimum concentration of the sample liquid was 0.08 g/mL equivalent to raw material, the resin column diameter-height ratio was 1:9, the amount of used adsorption was 0.32 g dried medicinal herb/mL resin, sample flow rate was 1.5 BV/h, and adsorption time was 12 h. In the course of elution, the resin column chromatography was eluted with 6 BV of 70% ethanol after removing impurities with 4 BV of water by flow rate of 1.5 BV/h. The contents of total flavonoids, tilianin, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, and rosmarinic acid were more than 53%, 5.5%, 4.7%, and 2.5%. Conclusion: Macroporous resin HPD600 is suitable to separate and purify EDM.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Dracocephalum heterophyllum flavonoids(DHBF) of Uygur Medicine on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, which were induced by angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ), and it could provide a basis for further study to the mechanism. METHODS: SD rats, 0 - 3 d of age, neonatal rat myocardial cells cultured in vitro, the experiment was divided into control group, AngⅡ(1 μmol•L-1) group, different concentrations of DHBF(10, 25, 50 μmol•L-1) + AngⅡ(1 μmol•L-1) groups, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy were induced by AngⅡ 1 μmol•L-1 and was intervened using DHBF respectively, CCK-8 method was used to observe the activity of myocardial cells, RT-PCR technique was used to detect the expression of m RNA of cardiac hypertrophy gene atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP), the internal factor was glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Confocal laser scanning was used to detect the surface area of myocardial cell was [Ca2+]i; the activity of Ca2+-ATP was measured by the enzymatic reaction of fragmentation cell; the concentration of NO and the activity of NOS were determined by colorimetry. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the activity of myocardial cell was(85% ± 5%) in the AngⅡgroup, which was increased significantly after it was dealed with DHBF and AngⅡ(P < 0.05); RT-PCR results showed the expression of mRNA of ANP and BNP were increased by using AngⅡ, which were lower by using DHBF and AngⅡ. The surface area of myocardial cell were increased by using AngⅡ, which could be reversed by using DHBF and AngⅡ. Confocal laser scanning showed the concentration of [Ca2+]i was increased by using AngⅡ, but which was lower significantly by using DHBF and AngⅡ(P < 0.05). The enzymatic reaction of fragmentation cell results showed the activity of Ca2+-ATP was decreased by using AngⅡ, but which was increased significantly by using DHBF and AngⅡ(P < 0.05). Colorimetry results showed the concentration of NO and the activity of NOS were decreased by using AngⅡ, but which was increased significantly by using DHBF and AngⅡ(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: DHBF can improve the activity of hypertrophy cardiomyocytes which were induced by angⅡ, downregulate expression of mRNA of ANP and BNP, reduce surface area of cardiomyocytes induced by AngⅡ, the mechanism of action may be related to promoting the release of NO, regulating the concentration of[Ca2+]i and the activity of Ca2+-ATP.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare cRGD-modified harmine hydrochloride long circulating liposomes, investigate its characteristics in vitro, and finally establish its best preparation method. METHODS: Firstly the content determination method was established, and secondly harmine hydrochloride liposomes were prepared through reverse phase evaporation method. Both active and passive drug loading methods were investigated to entrap the drug. Thirdly, cRGD-DSPE-2000 was prepared by conjugation method, and then cRGD modified harmine hydrochloride long circulating liposomes were prepared. Finally the particle sizes, Zeta potential and the entrapment efficiency were determined. The release of the liposomes in vitro was measured. RESULTS: The standard curves all had good linearities except for the one using 100% methanol as solvent. The particle sizes of the liposomes prepared by passive loading method, active loading method, and long circulating cRGD modified liposomes were 227.2, 246.3 and 241.9 nm, respectively, and the Zeta potentials were about 20-30 mV. The entrapment efficiency were (36.78 ± 6.82)%, (81.77 ± 7.61)%, and (80.02 ± 1.27)%, respectively. The release of cRGD liposomes was slower than the liposomes without cRGD and HM solution. CONCLUSION: cRGD-modified long circulating harmine hydrochloride liposomes can be made through reverse phase evaporation method and active loading method. KEY

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a comprehensive PRISMA-compliant systematic review and Meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of genotype-guided initial dosing of warfarin. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, CNKI, CBM, and Wanfang data were electronically searched, and randomized controlled trials comparing pharmacogenetic dosing of warfarin vursus routine anticoagulant treatment were included. Then two reviewers independently used EndNote X7 software to filter the literatures, extracte data and assess study quality, and Revman 5, 2 software was used to conduct Meta analysis, The primary endpoints were the percentage of time within the therapeutic INR range and adverse events, The secondary endpoints were the time to reach a stable warfarin dose and the propotion of patients reaching stable warfarin dose. RESULTS: Nine trials met the inclusion criteria, in which a total of 1390 patients were randomly assigned to genotype-guided group and control group (traditional dosing) to receive warfarin treatment with a follow-up time ranging from 4 weeks to 3 months, It was discovered that the percentage of time within the therapeutic INR range in genotype-guided group was improved compared with the control group when the initial routine dose was fixed [SMD=0.26, 95% CI (0.11, 0.41), P=0.0006], and a smaller number of patients in genotype-guided group developed adverse events [RR=0.75, 95% CI (0.66, 0.84), P<0.00001], Genotype-guided group reached stable warfarin dose earlier compared with the control group [SMD=-3.49, 95% CI (-6.15, -0.84), P=0.01], but there was statistical heterogeneity among the studies (P<0.00001, I2=99%), The propotion of patients who reached stable dose in genotype-guide group was larger than that in traditional dosing group [RR=1.25, 95% CI (1.15, 1.35), P <0.00001], CONCLUSION: Genotype-guided initial dosing of warfarin can increase the percentage of time within the therapeutic INR range, reduce the incidance of adverse events, shorten the time to reach stable dose, and increase the propotion of patients reaching stable dose.