It is necessary that to investigate the relationship and interaction between medicine and philosophy,under which medical science can be comprehended in a deeper and wider degree by means of the value and inspiration provided of philosophy thinking.For this reson,the article analyzes several major historical stages of medical model of philosophical thinking by historical and logical approach in order to construct the medical philosophy.

Objective To investigate medical college students'attitude and cognition about innovativeness,and then to explore the possible factors that affect students'capability of innovation.Methods To design questionnaire to survey medical students in random sampling method.Results Medical students have more cognition towards education reform,and the method,structure and the cultural environment of talent training system play significant role in innovative talents training project.Conclusion It is needed to construct national medical model college according to the minority regions and the national characteristics for cultivating innovative talents correspondingly.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of embolizing carotid-cavernous sinus fistula(CCF) by superior ophthalmic vein(SOV) approaches.Design Retrospective case series.Participants 11 patients with CCF diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography(DSA) were failurers of traditional artery approaches.Methods All pathents were treated with embolizing carotid-cavernous sinus fistula by superor ophthalmic vein approaches.Main Outcome Measures visual acuity,exophthalmos,ocular movement,diplopia,conjunctival hyperemia,ocular fundus changes.Results Clinical cure was achieved in all 11 patients during follow-up for 1 week to 3 months.Six patients with symptoms of exophthalmos disappeared and five improved.8 cases with conjunctival hyperemia vanished and 3 cases relieved.The three patients with decreases of 8 visual acuity,among these one patient was normal and two improved.Intracalvarium strepitus and diplopia were all disappeared and ocular movement was normal.Conclusion Embolizing CCF by SOV is safe and effective when performed by a multidisciplinary team.

Background: Early diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis are important for the prognosis and evaluating the survival of patients.Aims: To systematically assess the diagnostic value of transient elastography (TE) for staging of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease.Methods: PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP from Jan.2001 to Dec.2015 were retrieved to collect the articles with staging of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease by TE.Data extraction was conducted.Article quality was evaluated by quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies 2 (QUADAS2).Meta-analysis was conducted by Stata 12.0 software.Results: Twenty articles involving 5 748 patients were included.Meta-analysis showed that the combined sensitivity,specificity and AUC of TE for diagnosing significant fibrosis (≥F2) were 0.78 (95％ CI: 0.73-0.82),0.85 (95％ CI: 0.80-0.88) and 0.88 (95％ CI: 0.85-0.91),respectively.The combined sensitivity,specificity and AUC for advanced fibrosis (≥F3) were 0.89 (95％ CI: 0.86-0.91),0.88 (95％ CI: 0.85-0.91) and 0.94 (95％ CI: 0.92-0.96),respectively.The combined sensitivity,specificity and AUC for cirrhosis (F4) were 0.91 (95％ CI: 0.86-0.95),0.89 (95％ CI: 0.87-0.92) and 0.95 (95％ CI: 0.93-0.97),respectively.Conclusions: TE technique has a good diagnostic value in assessing significant fibrosis,advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver disease,especially for advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Objective To study the 137Cs source term from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant,based on inverse modeling,so as to provide reference for accident assessment and radiation protection.Methods The 137Cs source term was estimated by means of inverse modeling of nuclear accidents based on variational data assimilation combined with truncated total least squares (TTLS-VAR).The environmental monitoring data was balanced,and the dispersion model operator and monitoring data vector were corrected,in order to reduce the influence from atmospheric dispersion model error,and then improve the accuracy of inverse modeling of source term.Results The total amount of 137Cs released was estimated to be 1.74× 1016-3.73× 1016 Bq,with the highest peak of release rates estimated appearing on March 18,2011 and the average release rate in exceed of 1.00× 1012 Bq/s.The estimated total amount of 137 Cs was close to the data published by IAEA and UNSCEAR.Also,the estimated release sequences were in good consistent with Japanese analytical results of source terms and sequence of events.The highest peak of the estimated release rate curve corresponds to the leakage incident of unit 3.Conclusions In this study,the 137Cs source term from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant is estimated by using TTLS-VAR inverse modeling,which could provide the basis for accident assessment and radiation protection.

Objective:To analyze the expression levels of urinary interleukin-6 (IL-6), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and heparin-binding protein (HBP) in urinary tract infection and its correlation with infection prognosis.Methods:The clinical data of 100 patients with urinary tract infection (urinary tract infection group) from January 2021 to December 2022 in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, simple urinary tract infection was in 62 cases, and complex urinary tract infection was in 38 cases; after treatment, 25 cases were not cured, and 75 cases were cured. Another 50 healthy examinees were selected as the health control group. The level of urine IL-6 was detected by luminescence assay method, the level of urine STAT3 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and the level of urine HBP was detected by fluorescence immunochromatography method. The blood routine was detected by fully automated blood cell analyzer, and the blood cell count was recorded. The levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were detected by radioimmunoassay. The correlation between urine IL-6, STAT3, HBP and blood routine inflammatory response markers was analyzed by Pearson method. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive effectiveness of urine IL-6, STAT3, HBP and blood routine inflammatory response markers in infection prognosis.Results:The urine IL-6, STAT3, HBP, and blood CRP, PCT, white blood cell count in urinary tract infection group were significantly higher than those in healthy control group: (33.19 ± 11.02) μg/L vs. (16.84 ± 3.57) μg/L, (66.77 ± 19.58) μg/L vs. (38.69 ± 11.04) μg/L, (151.98 ± 42.00) μg/L vs. (28.55 ± 9.16) μg/L, (12.57 ± 4.19) mg/L vs. (5.23 ± 1.80) mg/L, (0.58 ± 0.19) μg/L vs. (0.22 ± 0.07) μg/L and (9.86 ± 3.20) × 10 9/L vs. (6.44 ± 2.13) ×10 9/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). The urine IL-6, STAT3, HBP, and blood CRP, PCT, white blood cell count in patients with complex urinary tract infection were significantly higher than those in patients with simple urinary tract infection: (40.25 ± 10.34) μg/L vs. (28.87 ± 8.55) μg/L, (79.50 ± 17.92) μg/L vs. (58.96 ± 13.43) μg/L, (186.51 ± 35.92) μg/L vs. (130.82 ± 39.74) μg/L, (14.09 ± 4.18) mg/L vs. (11.64 ± 3.55) mg/L, (0.64 ± 0.20) μg/L vs. (0.55 ± 0.13) μg/L and (11.27 ± 3.08) × 10 9/L vs. (8.99 ± 2.36) × 10 9/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). The urine IL-6, STAT3, HBP, and blood CRP, PCT, white blood cell count in patients with untreated urinary tract infection were significantly higher than those in patients with cured urinary tract infection: (42.97 ± 11.51) μg/L vs. (29.93 ± 8.66) μg/L, (86.81 ± 20.35) μg/L vs. (60.09 ± 17.43) μg/L, (264.27 ± 28.76) μg/L vs. (114.55 ± 21.38) μg/L, (19.11 ± 3.28) mg/L vs. (10.39 ± 2.40) mg/L, (0.85 ± 0.14) μg/L vs. (0.49 ± 0.11) μg/L and (12.26 ± 2.77) × 10 9/L vs. (9.06 ± 2.34) ×10 9/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). Pearson correlation analysis result showed that urine IL-6, STAT3, HBP were positively correlated with blood CRP, PCT, white blood cell count ( P<0.01). The ROC curve analysis result showed that the area under curve (AUC) of urine IL-6, STAT3 and HBP in predicting the infection prognosis in patients with urinary tract infection was greater than that of blood CRP, PCT and white blood cell count; moreover, the AUC and sensitivity of the combined of urine IL-6, STAT3 and HBP in predicting the infection prognosis in patients with urinary tract infection were significantly higher than the combined of blood CRP, PCT and white blood cell count (0.937 vs. 0.898 and 96.00% vs. 76.00%), but with lower specificity (81.33% vs. 98.67%). Conclusions:Urinary tract infections can cause elevated urine IL-6, STAT3 and HBP, and the degree of elevation is related to the types of simple or complicated infection and the infection prognosis. The combined detection of the urine IL-6, STAT3 and HBP is expected to be a method to predict the infection prognosis, and it provides reference information for clinical diagnosis and treatment.