OBJECTIVE:To establish an HPLC method for the content determination of oxaliplatin in Oxaliplatin liposome. METHODS:The separation was performed on Hypersil C18(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) column with methanol-water(5 ∶ 95,V/V) as mobile phase at flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1. The detection wavelength was set at 250 nm and column temperature was 30 ℃. RESULTS:The linear range of oxaliplatin was 12.2～122.0 ?g.mL-1(n=5,r=0.999 9) with an average recovery of 98.58%(RSD=1.83%). The limit of detection(LOD) was 97.6 ng?mL-1. CONCLUSION:The method is simple,sensitive and accurate for the content determination of oxaliplatin in Oxaliplatin liposome.

OBJECTIVE: To study pharmacokinetics of valaciclovir hydrochloride tablets and to evaluate the bioequivalence of test and reference tablets. METHODS: In a two-period cross-over design test, 18 healthy volunteers were given a single oral dose of 600 mg test valaciclovir hydrochloride and 600 mg reference formulations respectively. Plasma concentrations of acyclovir were determined by HPLC method. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the two formulations were calculated and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of test vs. reference valacyclovir hydrochloride tablets were as follows:tmax(1.69?0.25)h vs. (1.72?0.26)h, Cmax(3.34?0.58) ?g?mL-1 vs. (3.40?0.49)?g?mL-1, t1/2(2.73?0.31)h vs. (2.97?0.33)h, AUC0～14(11.22?2.21) ?g?h?mL-1 vs. (11.12?1.90)?g?h?mL-1, AUC0～∞(11.76?2.15) ?g?h?mL-1 vs. (11.61?1.86)?g?h?mL-1, respectively. As compared with reference formulation, the relative bioavailability of test formulation was (101.06?11.72)%. CONCLUSION: The two preparations are bioequivalent.

Objective To study the quality standard of Folium Nelumbinis.Methods Flavonoids of Folium Nelumbinis were identified by TLC.The extraction conditions of flavonoids was studied and the content of total flavonoids was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry .Results Quercetin in Folium Nelumbinis was identified by TLC.The optimal extraction conditions were defined and the content of total flavonoids was about 13 %.Conclusion This method is simple and convenient, and is feasible for the quantitative determination of Folium Nelumbinis.

AIM: To select optimum purification of Qingluotongbi decoction (Caulis Sinomenii etc.). METHODS: Qingluotongbi decoction was refined respectively by ceramic membrane microfiltration, ultrafiltration, alcohol sedimentation, high speed centrifugalization, flocculation and macroporous resin absorption. Their refining effect was compared according to indexes of color, clarity, loss rate of sinomenine, removal ratio of impurity. RESULTS: All kinds of purification made decoction light and clear. Removal ratio of impurity by macroporous resin absorption was the highest and reached 80% or more. Removal ratio of impurity by ceramic membrane microfiltration was 21.17% , less than that by alcohol sedimentation or ultrafiltration, but more than that by flocculation and centrifugalization. Loss rate of sinomenine by AB 8 type macroporous resin absorption was the lowest and reached 6.39% , and that by ceramic membrane microfiltration was 15.31% , less than that by ultrafiltration, alcohol sedimentation, centrifugalization and flocculation. The chromatogram of decoction disposed by macroporous resin was different from that of decoction unsettled, but that disposed by ceramic membrane was similar to that of decoction unsettled. CONCLUSION: The technique of ceramic membrane microfiltration is optimum purification of Qingluotongbi decoction with the virtues of moderate removal ratio of impurity, small amount lose rate of sinomenine and simple process.

Objective To detect the expressions of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) in pancreatic cancer tissues and to analyze the significance of DcR3 in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.Methods The expressions of DcR3 in pancreatic cancer tissues (n =100), paracancer tissues (n =15) and normal tissues (n =15) were detected with immunohistochemical method (Envision method).Results The positive rate of DcR3 in pancreatic cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent-tumor pancreatic cancer tissues (86.0％ vs.46.6％, P ＜ 0.05).The positive rate of DcR3 in adjacent-tumor pancreatic cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (46.6％ vs.13.3％, P ＜ 0.05).In clinical stage Ⅲ, the positive rate of DcR3 was significantly higher than that in stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅰ (100％ vs.87.0％, P＜0.05;100％ vs.62.5％, P＜0.05).There were significant differences among the three groups (P ＜ 0.05).With lymph node metastasis, the DcR3 positive rate was significantly higher than that in the group without lymph node metastasis (93.4％ vs.79.6％, P ＜ 0.05).In poorly differentiated pancreatic cancer, the positive rate of DcR3 was significantly higher than that in the highly differentiated group (100％ vs.64.0％, P ＜0.05), the positive rate of DcR3 was significantly higher in the moderately differentiated group than that in the highly differentiated group (88.6％ vs.64.0％, P ＜ 0.05) , There were significant differences among the three groups (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the positive rate of DcR3 between the different age groups or the different gender groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The expression levels of DcR3 in patients with pancreatic cancer gradually increased from normal tissues to paracancer tissues, to pancreas tissues.The expression level of DcR3 protein was closely related to clinical stage, degree of tissue differentiation and presence of lymph node metastasis, but not associated with age, sex, and tumor diameter size.

AIM: To preparate brucine liposome. METHODS: Brucine liposomes were preparated by a combination of ammonium sulfate transmembrane gradients method and extrusion through microfiltration membranes.The methods were evaluated by particle morphology,the size range,and encapsulation efficiency. RESULTS: The optimal preparating process parameters of brucine nanometer liposome were lecithin-to-cholesterin ratio of 100∶15,the volume of 0.1 mol/L of water solution of ammonium sulfate being 66.7 times as large as lecithin,the volume of brucine being 0.0167 times than lecithin,the temperature and the time of incubating being 40 ℃ and 20 min,respectively.The encapsulation efficiency of this method was over 90%. CONCLUSION: Preparation of brucine liposomes by a combination of ammonium sulfate transmembrane gradients method and extrusion through microfiltration membranes is feasible.

Objective To study the releasing properties and mechanism in vitro of the active ingredients of the gastric floating sustained-release tablet containning Zuojin Pellet extraction(ZJ-GFST).Methods The release rates of berberine,palmatine,evodiamine,and rutaecarpine from ZJ-GFST in vitro within 8 h were measured by using rotating basket method in Chinese Pharmacopeia.The cumulative curve of drug release data was fitted to zero order,first-order and Higuchi equation to ascertain the kinetic modeling of drug release.Release mechanism was ascertained using Peppas equation.Results The similar factors of the cumulative release curve of all the four ingredients mutually compared were more than 80%,indicating that the release of the four ingredients were similar.The cumulative release rate of all the four ingredients fitted Higuchi equation.The value of slopes of Peppas models of all the four ingredients were more than 0.45,indicating that drug released by concurrent action of diffusion and matrix erode(non-fickian diffusion).Conclusion The releasing properties in vitro of the active ingredients of ZJ-GFST is consistent.

It is necessary to medical student to take the elective course of pharmacy.This paper put forward several viewpoints and concrete methods about teaching methods,means and contents of elective course of pharmacy.

Interferon ( IFN) plays an essential role in antiviral infection.Interferons are divided into different categories according to their structure and function.People have attached increasing importance to TypeⅠinterferon( IFN-Ⅰ) in light of its unusual antiviral mechanism.This review is intended to shed light on IFN-Ⅰ,including its antiviral function,signal pathway and regulation.

Objective To evaluate the reliability of lactate clearance rate in evaluating the efficacy of early fluid resuscitation in the patients with severe sepsis.Methods One hundred and forty-two patients with severe sepsis,aged 28-87 yr,were enrolled in the study.Isotonic crystalloid fluid was infused after admission to ICU to maintain central venous pressure ≥ 8 mmHg,mean arterial pressure ≥ 65 mmHg,central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) ≥ 70％,and urine output ≥ 0.5 ml·kg 1 ·h-1 within 6 h.The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the treatment outcome:survival group and death group.Immediately before fluid resuscitation and at 6,12 and 24 h after fluid resuscitation,blood samples were collected from the central vein for blood gas analysis and ScvO2 was recorded.Blood samples were collected from the peripheral vein for determination of the concentration of lactate and lactate clearance rate was calculated.Results Compared with survival group,the lactate clearance rate was significantly decreased at 6,12 and 24 h after fluid resuscitation,and no significant change in ScvO2 was found in death group.Conclusion Lactate clearance rate can evaluate the efficacy of early fluid resuscitation in the patients with severe sepsis.