Objective To study the electrochemical features of an improved enzyme bioelectrode for biofuel cell. Methods The enzyme electrode was prepared via biotin-avidin technology and its electrochemical features were explored. The conditions such as layers of enzyme films, strength of glucose, scan speed and temperature, which affected the electrochemical behavior of enzyme electrode, were studied. Results The results showed that the electrode had good electric current response to glucose. The enzyme electrode prepared can fulfill the need of biofuel cell and is a promising electrode to be used in human body.

Objective To investigate the status of glycemic control in a group of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients combined with pe-ripheral arterial disease before and after operation .Methods Patients with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease who were in charge in vascular surgery of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2002 to 2012 were involved .Type2 DM out patient without lower extremity arterial occlusive disease were involved as control .We measured blood pressure ,blood glucose and blood lipid .Fasting,2hPG and average plasma glucose of two groups patients were Compared ,at the same time we observed the difference of plasma glucose before and after operation.The Student′s t test and ANOVA analysis were used to compare the difference of before and after operation and between groups . Results Total of sixty DM patients with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease were involved ,and sixty five patients were involved in control group.There was no difference in age between two groups (65.8 ±8.9 vs 63.0 ±10.0years).The DM patients with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease had longer duration of DM (12.2 ±7.1 vs 7.7 ±5.9years).PAD group had higher fasting plasma glucose (8.3 ± 2.7 vs 7.7 ±2.3mmol/L),post breakfast and lunch plasma glucose (10.7 ±2.9 vs 9.0 ±2.4mmol/L,10.6 ±3.1 vs 8.9 ±4.1mmol/L) than control group .There was no significant difference in post dinner plasma glucose of two groups .Patients with PAD obtained a good plas-ma glucose after they made an operation but insulin Volume had no change ,which was as fasting plasma glucose (7.7 ±2.1 vs 6.8 ± 2.8mmol/L),breakfast (10.5 ±2.5 vs 8.5 ±3.4mmol/L),lunch(10.5 ±3.1 vs 8.7 ±3.8mmol/L)and average plasma glucose (9.6 ± 1.8 vs 8.2 ±2.9mmol/L).Post dinner plasma glucose had no difference in two groups .Conclusion Type 2 DM patients combined with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease had a longer duration of diabetes and higher plasma glucose .At the same,therapy and operation can improve blood glucose control .If a DM patient has a poor plasma glucose ,we should find its reason ,and deal with complication ,then plasma glucose can be controlled better .

Objective To investigate the expression and distribution of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) in periodontal tissues during experimental tooth movement in rats,and study the relationship between COX-2 and vesscular reconstruction in experimental tooth movement process.Methods Thirty-five healthy Wistar rats were divided randomly into 7 groups on average:normal group and experimental groups for 1,3,5,7,14 and 21 d.A NiTi coil spring with 0.294 N mesial force was connected between first molars of maxillary and the upper incisors.The histological sections were stained with goat anti rat COX-2 antibody,and computer image analysis was used to study the expression of COX-2 in the periodontal tissues of rats.Results Pressure area:compared with normal group(134.75?5.25) the COX-2 expression in 1 d group (147.73?3.27)increased(P0.05).Conclusion The expression of COX-2 in periodontal tissues during experimental tooth movement increase,suggesting that COX-2 can promote the vascular reconstruction in periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement.

BACKGROUND:With the research development of disc degeneration at molecular level, transforming growth factor β1 gene has a role in the proliferation and differentiation of intervertebral disc cels, and it is involved in the repair of intervertebral disc injury. But whether transforming growth factor β1 is also involved in pathophysiological process of disc degeneration has not been determined. OBJECTIVE:To discuss the relationship between transforming growth factor β1, inflammatory cytokines and degree of lumbar disc degeneration. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with lumbar disc degeneration (22 mild, 26 moderate and 24 severe cases) were enroled as observation group, and another 30 patients without lumbar disc degeneration served as control group. Levels of transforming growth factorβ1, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor α were detected and compared among patients with mild, moderate and severe lumbar disc degeneration as wel as between the observation and controlgroups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Levels of transforming growth factor β1, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor α were significantly higher in the observation group than the control group (P < 0.01). In the observation group, the above-mentioned indicators were ranked as folows: severe cases > moderate cases > mild cases (P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between these indicators and the severity of lumbar disc degeneration (r=0.198, 0.312, 0.356, 0.275, 0.724,P < 0.01). These findings indicate that the levels of transforming growthfactor β1, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor α are increased with the severity of lumbar disc degeneration.

BACKGROUND: Blood vessel remodeling is the basis of the remodeling of orthodontic periodontal tissues. Can He-Ne laser irradiation promote blood vessel remodeling and then accelerate the process of the remodeling of orthodontic periodontal tissues or not?OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and action mechanisms of He-Ne laser irradiation on the blood vessel remodeling of orthodontic periodontal tissues of rabbits.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Animal experimental center of Jilin University.MATERIALS: Thirty-five flap-eared rabbits weighting 2.0 kg were provided by Animal Experimental Center of Jilin University, license No. SYXK(Ji)2002-0002, production license No. SCXK2003-0003. Animal intervention met animal ethical standard. HNGSQ-1 type of He-Ne laser therapeutic instrument was produced in Shanghai. HPIAS-1000 image analytical system was produced by Tongji Medical University. CD34 monoclonal antibody with the product number of MAB-0034 and vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody with the product number of MS-350 were offered by Fuzhou Maixin Company.METHODS: Experiments were performed at the Provincial Laboratory of Animal Experimental Center of Jilin University from May to December 2003. ①Thirty-five flap-eared rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups, an unforced group and forced 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-, 14- and 21-day groups with 5 rabbits in each group. A stainless steel closing coil spring was deposited between the maxillary first molar and the corresponding maxillary incisor bilaterally, delivering 0.08 N force. The right maxillary of rabbits of each forced group was irradiated by He-Ne laser, and the left side was as control.The cheek corresponding to the right maxillary first molar was selected as irradiation spot and then received He-Ne laser local irradiation. He-Ne laser's wavelength is 632.8 nm, power output of 20.0 mW and energy density of 2.50 J/cm2.Animals of the unforced group did not proceed with anything, sacrificed after raising for a week. Animals of the forced groups were respectively sacrificed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21. ②The premaxillary bones, including the upper first molar, were cut into sagittal sections. Sections were preceded with CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor immunohistochemical straining. Microvessel density and microvessel area were measured in the tension zone and the pressure zone of orthodontic periodontal tissues. The staining intensity for vascular endothelial growth factor was evaluated by the measurement of gray value using the Computer Image Analyzing System.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Gray integral of vascular endothelial growth factor after immunohistochemical staining. ②Microvessel density and microvessel area.RESULTS: Thirty-five rabbits were involved in the result analysis. ①Microvessel density and microvessel area in He-Ne laser irradiated sides were all obviously larger than in the control sides in every forced group in the tension zone and the pressure zone (P ＜ 0.05-0.01), except for the 1-day group. ②In the 1-day group, the vascular endothelial growth factor expressions in periodontal tissues in pressure zone of He-Ne laser irradiated sides were significantly lower than that of control sides (P ＜ 0.05). In the 3- and 5-day groups, vascular endothelial growth factor expressions in pressure zone of irradiated sides were significantly higher than that of control sides (P ＜ 0.05). The vascular endothelial growth factor expressions in pressure zone of both irradiated sides and control sides reached a peak at 5-day group. The vascular endothelial growth factor expressions of irradiated sides were significantly higher than the corresponding control sides in tension zone at 3-, 5- and 7-day group (P ＜ 0.05). The vascular endothelial growth factor expressions in tension zone of both irradiated sides and control sides reached a peak at 14-day group.CONCLUSION: He-Ne laser irradiation promotes blood vessel remodeling of periodontal tissues, increases the vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in periodontal tissues and makes the angiogenesis of periodontal tissues more active, followed by the remodeling of orthodontic periodontal tissues.

Objective To analyze the prevalence of complications following catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation and to describe the characteristics of transition of complications.Methods From October 2004 to December 2008,2 260 cases(1 265 males)with atrial fibrillation(AF)were admitted for catheter ablation.AF was paroxysmal in 1 449 cases and chronic in 811 cases.Circumferential pulmonary vein isolation(CPVI)was carried out alone for paroxysmal AF and in combination with fractionated electrograms ablation for chronic AF.Complications were summarized and analyzed by dividing the whole duration into three sections:Year 2004-2006,Year 2007 and Year 2008.Results Complications occurred in 61 cases(2.70%).Cardiac tamponade developed in 11 cases,embolism in 18 cases,pulmonary vein stenosis in 14 cases,and vessel access related complications in 18 cases.In Year 2004-2006,cardiac tamponade occurred in 5 cases,cerebral embolism in 3 cases,mesenteric artery embolism in 1 case,pulmonary vein stenosis in 6 cases,and vessel access related complications in 6 cases.In Year 2007,cardiac tamponade occurred in 4 cases,cerebral embolism in 3 cases,Mesenteric artery embolism in 1 case,pulmonary vein stenosis in 4 cases,and vessel access related complications in 5 cases.In Year 2008,cardiac tamponade occurred in 2 cases,cerebral embolism in 7 cases,mesenteric artery embolism in 3 cases,pulmonary vein stenosis in 4 cases,and vessel access related complications in 7 cases.There was no significant difference in the prevalence of complications among three sections.The prevalence of cardiac tamponade was lower in Year 2008 compared with that in the other two sections,P=0.5.However,the prevalence of embolism was higher in Year 2008 compared with that in the other two the sections,P=0.2.Conclusion It is safe to perform catheter ablation for the treatment of AF.Despite the improvement of technical skills,the prevalence of severe complications such as cardial tamponade,pulmonary vein stenosis or stroke did not decrease.

Objective Tc explore the value of application of Sevoflurane anesthesia induction in anesthesia management of foreign matter removal from trachea in children.Methods Sixty five cases of children with tracheal foreign matter related in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were selected as the study objects,and were divided into two groups according to random number table method.The control group of 32 cases was given 2.5 mg/kg propofol to induce anaesthesia,and the observation group of 33 cases was given 8％ Sevoflurane inhalation to induce ancsthesia.One shot success rate,deoxygenation time,operation time,recovery time and the relative parameters (systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,respiratory rate and pulse oxygen saturation) at entrance time,before and after setting the mirror were contrasted and analyzed,and the intraoperative and postoperative adverse reactions were recorded in the two groups.Results There were no significant differences in respiratory rate,blood oxygen saturation,systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure between two groups at entrance time and before setting the mirror (P ＞ 0.05).The respiratory rate and blood oxygen saturation of the observation group were higher than those of control group after setting the mirror and at withdrawing mirror time,with statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).No statistically significant differences in other indexes (P ＞ 0.05).Deoxygenation time,operation time and recovery time of the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The total incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Sevoflurane anesthesia induction can obviously shorten operation time and recovery time in foreign matter removal from trachea in children,and reduce the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative adverse reactions.It has good clinical effect.

Objective This study was aimed to investigate the methodology of radiofrequency ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) in complicated cases Methods 130 cases (87 males) with the average age of 56 years were enrolled consecutively Each patient was diagnosed PAF by Holter and ECG After routine transseptal procedure and cannulation, retrograde pulmonary venography was taken to show the anatomic morphology of all pulmonary veins (PVs) Under the guidance of Lasso circular mapping catheter, all cases underwent electrical isolation for four PVs using the saline irrigated ablation catheter Results (1) By venography,21 PVs (16 2%) were found to have enormously dilated ostia in 21 out of 130 cases 5 PVs (3 8%) had left common trunks 3 PVs (2 3%) had right common trunks In 6 cases right PVs were found to have multiple bifurcated ostia, and the prevalence rate was 4 7% (2) A total of 341 PVs were targeted for segmental ablation in 130 cases Complete isolation was failed in 29 PVs, including 11 PVs with dilated ostia Among the 29 PVs, 14 were left superior PVs (LSPVs), 8 were left inferior PVs (LIPVs), 5 were right inferior PVs (RIPVs), and 2 were right superior PVs (RSPVs) Conclusion The anatomical variants of PV was the main cause of complicating radiofrequency ablation in patients with PAF

Objective The Application of Circular Mapping during Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Ablation (CPVA) for Atrial Fibrillation Guided by Ensite/NavX System. Methods To evaluate the effect of combined circular mapping on the success rate of CPVA. 61 consecutive cases (40 males and 21 females) were included in the study. 50 cases with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) and 11 cases with chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF) underwent CPVA guided by the Ensite/NavX system. A circular electrode catheter was used to map the pulmonary vein (PV) potentials. Pulmonary vein isolation was taken as the endpoint for ablation. Results All the 61 cases underwent the procedure successfully. LPVs were isolated in 34 cases and 35 cases underwent single RPVs isolation. Circumferential ablation of both LPVs and RPVs were carried out in 23 cases. Atrial fibrillation was terminated when delivering radiofrequency energy in 16 cases with PAF and 5 cases with CAF. The termination sites were located near the anterior or posterior roof of the superior PVs in 19 cases and at the mid-portion of the posterior wall from RSPV in 1 case. Atrial fibrillation was terminated when after comple to LPV ablation in 1 case. During the follow-up of 6?2 months, 42 PAF cases and 5 of 11 CAF cases were atrial fibrillation free. The total success rate was 77%. Complications: Pericardium effusion was found in 1 case and disappeared after pericardium puncture and drainage. 1 case developed hemothorax and was cured after thorax puncture and drainage. Conclusion The application of circular mapping during circumferential pulmonary vein ablation guided by Ensite/NavX System contributes to improve the success rate of atrial fibrillation ablation.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of circumferential pulmonary vein(PV) isolation in cases with persistent/permanent atrial fibrillation(AF) guided by the EnSite-NavX system.Methods Sixty cases(43 males,mean age 59.2?13.6 years) with persistent/permanent AF were enrolled from September 2004 to August 2005.The mean duration of AF was 4?6 years(6 months-24 years).The mean left atrium diameter was 43.2?6.4(42-58)mm.Circumferential PV isolation was performed guided by the EnSite-NavX system,combined with linear ablation of the superior-posterior wall of left atrium and mitral isthmus.Results All 60 cases underwent the procedure successfully,with the mean procedural time 170?34(150-240)min and the mean fluoroscopic time 23?10(12-45)min.The pulmonary vein isolation rate for the left ipsilateral PVs was 83.3% and was 78.3% for the right PVs.Segmental ostial ablation was applied for the rest cases.AF was terminated in 7 cases and was converted to atrial tachycardia(AT) or atrial flutter(AFL) in 5 cases.Sinus rhythm was restored by cardioversion in 48 cases.Post-ablation AT/AFL was documented in 10 cases (16.7%) which diminished automatically in 8 cases,and was abolished by re-ablation in 2 cases.After a mean of 6.5?3.2(4-11)months of follow-up,43 cases (71.7%) were free of AF(18 cases with anti-arrhythmic drugs).Complications: pseudo-aneurysm of femoral artery was found in 1 case and was cured after proper treatment.Conclusion Circumferential PV isolation and combination with left atrial linear ablation guided by the EnSite-NavX system was safe and effective for eliminating persistent/permanent AF.