Objective To study the electrochemical features of an improved enzyme bioelectrode for biofuel cell. Methods The enzyme electrode was prepared via biotin-avidin technology and its electrochemical features were explored. The conditions such as layers of enzyme films, strength of glucose, scan speed and temperature, which affected the electrochemical behavior of enzyme electrode, were studied. Results The results showed that the electrode had good electric current response to glucose. The enzyme electrode prepared can fulfill the need of biofuel cell and is a promising electrode to be used in human body.

Objective To investigate the expression and distribution of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) in periodontal tissues during experimental tooth movement in rats,and study the relationship between COX-2 and vesscular reconstruction in experimental tooth movement process.Methods Thirty-five healthy Wistar rats were divided randomly into 7 groups on average:normal group and experimental groups for 1,3,5,7,14 and 21 d.A NiTi coil spring with 0.294 N mesial force was connected between first molars of maxillary and the upper incisors.The histological sections were stained with goat anti rat COX-2 antibody,and computer image analysis was used to study the expression of COX-2 in the periodontal tissues of rats.Results Pressure area:compared with normal group(134.75?5.25) the COX-2 expression in 1 d group (147.73?3.27)increased(P0.05).Conclusion The expression of COX-2 in periodontal tissues during experimental tooth movement increase,suggesting that COX-2 can promote the vascular reconstruction in periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement.

Objective To investigate the status of glycemic control in a group of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients combined with pe-ripheral arterial disease before and after operation .Methods Patients with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease who were in charge in vascular surgery of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2002 to 2012 were involved .Type2 DM out patient without lower extremity arterial occlusive disease were involved as control .We measured blood pressure ,blood glucose and blood lipid .Fasting,2hPG and average plasma glucose of two groups patients were Compared ,at the same time we observed the difference of plasma glucose before and after operation.The Student′s t test and ANOVA analysis were used to compare the difference of before and after operation and between groups . Results Total of sixty DM patients with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease were involved ,and sixty five patients were involved in control group.There was no difference in age between two groups (65.8 ±8.9 vs 63.0 ±10.0years).The DM patients with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease had longer duration of DM (12.2 ±7.1 vs 7.7 ±5.9years).PAD group had higher fasting plasma glucose (8.3 ± 2.7 vs 7.7 ±2.3mmol/L),post breakfast and lunch plasma glucose (10.7 ±2.9 vs 9.0 ±2.4mmol/L,10.6 ±3.1 vs 8.9 ±4.1mmol/L) than control group .There was no significant difference in post dinner plasma glucose of two groups .Patients with PAD obtained a good plas-ma glucose after they made an operation but insulin Volume had no change ,which was as fasting plasma glucose (7.7 ±2.1 vs 6.8 ± 2.8mmol/L),breakfast (10.5 ±2.5 vs 8.5 ±3.4mmol/L),lunch(10.5 ±3.1 vs 8.7 ±3.8mmol/L)and average plasma glucose (9.6 ± 1.8 vs 8.2 ±2.9mmol/L).Post dinner plasma glucose had no difference in two groups .Conclusion Type 2 DM patients combined with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease had a longer duration of diabetes and higher plasma glucose .At the same,therapy and operation can improve blood glucose control .If a DM patient has a poor plasma glucose ,we should find its reason ,and deal with complication ,then plasma glucose can be controlled better .

Objective To study the effect of preoperative immunonutrition on nutritional status and immunity for the patients with gastrointestinal cancer, and to evaluate whether the administration of immunonutrition could reduce the rate of postoperative complication and thus shorten the days of postoperative hospitalization. Methods Sixty patients with different gastrointestinal cancer were randomized to receive either immunonutrition (containing Arginine, RNA and ?-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) for 7 days before surgery (EN, n=30) or a conventional diet (CONT, n=30). Variables of nutritional status and immunity, postoperative complications, infection and the days of postoperative hospitalization were measured. Results There were no significant differences in the immunological and nutritional variables between two groups before surgery. The serum concentrations of prealbumin(PALB) and transferrin(TRF) were lower than those before surgery in the CONT group on postoperative day 3 (P

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between the expression of ET, the content of DNA and prognosis in primary lung cancer. Methods: The expressions of ET and the contents of DNA in 66 cancer specimens of different pathological grades were studied by immunohistochemistry and image - analysis technique, all cases were followed up more than 2 years. Results: The positive rate of ET in lung cancer was 73%, which was significantly higher than that in benign bronchial disease (P0.05). The content of DNA in the positive group of ET was significantly higher than that in the negative group (P

Objectives To determine the changes of right ventricular hemodynamic in the early phase after lung resection and non-lung resection thoracotomy by Doppler echocardiography and to investigate the correlation with preoperative lung function.Methods 55 patients who underwent thoracotomy were divided into two groups. In group A: 15 patients underwent non-lung resection thoracotomy; in group B: 40 patients underwent lung resection. The group B were subdivided into group B1 (n=23) and group B2 (n=17), acording to the preoperative lung function results: Artery blood gas analysis were measured and right ventricular hemodynamic indices were calculated by Doppler echocardiography before and after operation,respectively.Results Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) and artery oxygen pressure(PaO 2) significantly decreased (P

BACKGROUND: Blood vessel remodeling is the basis of the remodeling of orthodontic periodontal tissues. Can He-Ne laser irradiation promote blood vessel remodeling and then accelerate the process of the remodeling of orthodontic periodontal tissues or not?OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and action mechanisms of He-Ne laser irradiation on the blood vessel remodeling of orthodontic periodontal tissues of rabbits.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Animal experimental center of Jilin University.MATERIALS: Thirty-five flap-eared rabbits weighting 2.0 kg were provided by Animal Experimental Center of Jilin University, license No. SYXK(Ji)2002-0002, production license No. SCXK2003-0003. Animal intervention met animal ethical standard. HNGSQ-1 type of He-Ne laser therapeutic instrument was produced in Shanghai. HPIAS-1000 image analytical system was produced by Tongji Medical University. CD34 monoclonal antibody with the product number of MAB-0034 and vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody with the product number of MS-350 were offered by Fuzhou Maixin Company.METHODS: Experiments were performed at the Provincial Laboratory of Animal Experimental Center of Jilin University from May to December 2003. ①Thirty-five flap-eared rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups, an unforced group and forced 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-, 14- and 21-day groups with 5 rabbits in each group. A stainless steel closing coil spring was deposited between the maxillary first molar and the corresponding maxillary incisor bilaterally, delivering 0.08 N force. The right maxillary of rabbits of each forced group was irradiated by He-Ne laser, and the left side was as control.The cheek corresponding to the right maxillary first molar was selected as irradiation spot and then received He-Ne laser local irradiation. He-Ne laser's wavelength is 632.8 nm, power output of 20.0 mW and energy density of 2.50 J/cm2.Animals of the unforced group did not proceed with anything, sacrificed after raising for a week. Animals of the forced groups were respectively sacrificed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21. ②The premaxillary bones, including the upper first molar, were cut into sagittal sections. Sections were preceded with CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor immunohistochemical straining. Microvessel density and microvessel area were measured in the tension zone and the pressure zone of orthodontic periodontal tissues. The staining intensity for vascular endothelial growth factor was evaluated by the measurement of gray value using the Computer Image Analyzing System.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Gray integral of vascular endothelial growth factor after immunohistochemical staining. ②Microvessel density and microvessel area.RESULTS: Thirty-five rabbits were involved in the result analysis. ①Microvessel density and microvessel area in He-Ne laser irradiated sides were all obviously larger than in the control sides in every forced group in the tension zone and the pressure zone (P ＜ 0.05-0.01), except for the 1-day group. ②In the 1-day group, the vascular endothelial growth factor expressions in periodontal tissues in pressure zone of He-Ne laser irradiated sides were significantly lower than that of control sides (P ＜ 0.05). In the 3- and 5-day groups, vascular endothelial growth factor expressions in pressure zone of irradiated sides were significantly higher than that of control sides (P ＜ 0.05). The vascular endothelial growth factor expressions in pressure zone of both irradiated sides and control sides reached a peak at 5-day group. The vascular endothelial growth factor expressions of irradiated sides were significantly higher than the corresponding control sides in tension zone at 3-, 5- and 7-day group (P ＜ 0.05). The vascular endothelial growth factor expressions in tension zone of both irradiated sides and control sides reached a peak at 14-day group.CONCLUSION: He-Ne laser irradiation promotes blood vessel remodeling of periodontal tissues, increases the vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in periodontal tissues and makes the angiogenesis of periodontal tissues more active, followed by the remodeling of orthodontic periodontal tissues.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of circumferential pulmonary vein(PV) isolation in cases with persistent/permanent atrial fibrillation(AF) guided by the EnSite-NavX system.Methods Sixty cases(43 males,mean age 59.2?13.6 years) with persistent/permanent AF were enrolled from September 2004 to August 2005.The mean duration of AF was 4?6 years(6 months-24 years).The mean left atrium diameter was 43.2?6.4(42-58)mm.Circumferential PV isolation was performed guided by the EnSite-NavX system,combined with linear ablation of the superior-posterior wall of left atrium and mitral isthmus.Results All 60 cases underwent the procedure successfully,with the mean procedural time 170?34(150-240)min and the mean fluoroscopic time 23?10(12-45)min.The pulmonary vein isolation rate for the left ipsilateral PVs was 83.3% and was 78.3% for the right PVs.Segmental ostial ablation was applied for the rest cases.AF was terminated in 7 cases and was converted to atrial tachycardia(AT) or atrial flutter(AFL) in 5 cases.Sinus rhythm was restored by cardioversion in 48 cases.Post-ablation AT/AFL was documented in 10 cases (16.7%) which diminished automatically in 8 cases,and was abolished by re-ablation in 2 cases.After a mean of 6.5?3.2(4-11)months of follow-up,43 cases (71.7%) were free of AF(18 cases with anti-arrhythmic drugs).Complications: pseudo-aneurysm of femoral artery was found in 1 case and was cured after proper treatment.Conclusion Circumferential PV isolation and combination with left atrial linear ablation guided by the EnSite-NavX system was safe and effective for eliminating persistent/permanent AF.

Objective To investigate the level of myocardical injury by measuring serum levels of cTnI, MYO, CK and CK-MB before and after catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods Forty nine patients underwent catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation were involved in the study, cTnI, MYO, CK and CK-MB levels were measured before and 4 h after catheter ablation. Results Myocardical enzymes were increased in all patients (P0.05). Conclusion The serum myocardial enzymes levels increase after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Of the above myocardical enzymes, cTnI is the most sensitive and specific parameters.

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of 2 different catheter ablation strategies for patients with chronic atrial fibrillation(CAF).Methods One hundred and thirty four consecutive patients(77 males,mean age 56.8?12.3 yrs)were randomized into 2 groups of different catheter ablation strategies.All the patients suffered from frequent attacks(more than 3 times per month),drug refractory and symptomatic CAF.One group received circumferential pulmonary rein ablation(CPVA group,n=68)and the other group received complex fractionated electrogram ablation additional to CPVA(CPVA+CFEA group,n=66).All ablation was guided by 3 dimensional mapping system(CARTO).Follow-up ECG,Holter and clinical outcomes of the 2 groups within 6 months after the procedures were analyzed.Results The baseline characteristics were comparable between the 2 groups.The mean procedure time in the CPVA+CFEA group was longer than that in the CPVA group but the mean fluoroscopy time between two groups had no significant difference.After the first procedure,60%of patients in the CPVA group and 77% of patients in the CPVA +CFEA group were free from symptomatic atrial tachycardia without any use of antiarrhythmic drugs for at least 3 months(P