Objective To understand the effects of NO signal system on the ciliary beating frequency (CBF) of airway epithelial cellMethods Nine normal male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with isoflurane Their tracheas were rapidly removed using aseptic technique The mucosa of trachea were cut into 1mm2 explants and cultured in DMEM The explants were divided into 5 groups as bellow: L-Arg group, 1-Hydroxy-2-oxo-3-(N-ethyl-2-aminoethyl)-3-ethyl-1-triazene (NOC-12) group, D-Arg group, 8-Br-cGMP group, and phosphate buffered saline (PBS)group Actively beating ciliated cells were observed, and their motion was quantified by measuring CBF using phase-contrast microscopy and videotape analysis Results L-Arg increased CBF from (7 43?0 75)Hz to(8 59?0 93)Hz (P

Objective To understand the modulating mechanisms in ciliary motility by NO signal pathway. Methods L arginine, the preferred substrate of NOS, was employed to act upon the cultured rat ciliated epithelia. After pre incubating with L NMMA, a NOS inhibitor, or ODQ,a sGC inhibitor, or Rp 8 Br cGMPS, an antagonist of PKG respectively, tissues were contacted with L arginine again. Ciliary beating frequency (CBF) was measured by phase contrast microscope and videotape analysis. Results L arginine increased CBF siginficantly. The effect of L arginine on CBF was blocked by L NMMA, ODQ or Rp 8 Br cGMPS.Conclusion L arginine may increase CBF via NO sGC cGMP PKG pathway.

Objective To explore the pathologic factors influencing the long-term survival of patients with relapsing and/or metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) after radical operation for founding a basis for the clinical treatment protocols.MethodsThe clinical data were collected of 132 patients who were with relapsing and/or metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) after radical resection,hospitalized from the beginning of 2002 to the end of 2007,and had integrated hospitalization and follow-up data.The relationship between the clinic pathologic factors and long-term survival was retrospectively analyzed.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed that the survival rate was higher in the patients with single recurrence and/or metastasis than in those with multiple recurrences and/or metastases,in the patients with relapsing and/or metastatic rectal cancer than in those with relapsing and/or metastatic colon cancer,and in patients received secondary operation than in those received non-operative treatment.Cox multivariable regression model analysis showed that the treatment modality for recurrence and/or metastasis,the number of recurrence and/or metastasis sites,the invasive depth of primary tumor,and lymph node metastasis were correlated with the long-term survival of patients.Among them,the treatment modality was the most important factor influencing the prognosis.ConclusionsThe recurrence and/or metastasis rate is higher in the patients with rectal cancer than in those with colon cancer,but the prognosis of the former is better than that of the latter.Secondary operation,which is helpful for the long-term survival,is suggested for the patients with relapsing and/or metastatic CRC.

Objective The studies on tissue culture and cytological observations of leaf explants of Curculigo orchioides were conducted in order to provide the basis for the rapid propagation of C. orchioides. Methods Young leaf explants of C. orchioides were cultured on MS basal media. Differences in the callus induction and plantlet regeneration rate were observed by different light treatment as well as chemical factors like different phytohormones, casein hydrolysate (CH), and activated charcoal (AC) concentrations. Paraffin method was used to cytological observation. Results For callus induction of leaf explants of C. orchioides, dark treatment gave better results compared to light treatment; among the media tested, the suitable phytohormone combinations were 2.0 mg/L 2, 4-D or 6-BA 1.5 mg/L+2, 4-D 2.5 mg/L, and 300 mg/L CH+0.2% AC was good for plantlet regeneration from leaf explants. The callus from leaf explants mainly originated from midrib. The parenchyma cells near epicuticle of midrib firstly were initiated to division. Then the parenchyma cells of vascular bundle sheath and mesophyll cells on each side of vascular bundle were also divided to form callus. The buds developed on the peripheral parts of the calli, but the roots developed in the regions deep within the calli. Conclusion Tissue culture of young leaf explants of C. orchioides can make the propagation of C. orchioides rapid.

Objective To evaluate the value of interstitial magnetic resonance lymphography (MRL) to identify the sentinel lymph node (SLN) of breast cancer.Methods Totally 58 patients with invasive breast cancer were consecutive collected.15 mL of Gd-DTPA and 2 mL of mepivacain hydrochloride 2% were mixed and 0.5 mL of them was injected into the outside of the subareolar breast tissue.MRI was performed with Siemens 3.0 T Magnetom Trio MRI instrument using volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination sequence.Axillary lymph flow was tracked on maximum intensity projection (MIP) and sentinel lymph nodes were identified by interstitial MRL as M-SLN.All M-SLN were marked by a method of surface capsule localization.During surgery, methylene blue was used as tracer and SLNs stained by it were detected and excised by following the blue lymphatic vessels,these were designated as D-SLN.The numbers of SLNs detected by interstitial MRL and stained by methylene blue during operation were compared by paired samples rank-sum test and the correlation was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation test.Assessing the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of interstitial MRL for diagnosing M-SLN.Results A total of 75 M-SLNs (average 1.60 ± 0.52) were identified by interstitial MRL.During operation, all M-SLNs were easily resected under the guidance of skin marker.91 D-SLNs (average 1.94±0.63) were stained by methylene blue, which was significant more than those of the M-SLNs.There was a strong correlation (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient 0.69,P<0.001) between the SLNs identified by these two methods.Interstitial MRL in diagnosing D-SLN metastasis of breast cancer had a sensitivity of 95.8%,specificity of 88.9%,and accuracy of 93.3%.Conclusion Interstitial MRL can accurately identify the axillary sentinel lymph node and guide the biopsy.It may have great clinical value in the future.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the significance of expression of p53, Mdm2 and p21WAF/ CIP1 proteins and their relationships. METHODS Pathological specimens from thyroid carcinoma, adjacent non-tumor thyroid tissues and thyroid benign lesions were examined for p53, Mdm2 and p21WAF/CIP1 proteins by tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS The positive expression rate of p53, Mdm2 and p21WAF/CIP1 in thyroid carcinoma was 50.6 %(37/73), 63.0 %(47/73) and 38.4 %(28/73) respectively. The expression of p53 and Mdm2 increased(P

Dermatofibrosarcoma/surgery* ; Ear Auricle ; Ear, External ; Humans ; Skin Neoplasms/surgery*

INTRODUCTIONThe objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the clinical outcome of traumatic subtrochanteric fractures fixed with long proximal femoral nail (PFN) or long gamma nail with particular emphasis on our experience of surgical techniques.

MATERIALS AND METHODSWe reviewed the results of 49 consecutive patients who had undergone intramedullary fixation specifically with a long PFN or a long gamma nail for traumatic subtrochanteric fractures in our hospital during a 2-year period from January 2003 to December 2004. The average age of the patients was 53 years. Clinical and radiographic analyses were performed when follow-up was made at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years.

RESULTSAll the 49 traumatic subtrochanteric fractures healed uneventfully except 1 case of delayed union. Walking and squatting ability was completely restored in every case at follow-up examination 6 months postoperatively. Among them, 32 fractures were successfully reduced with traction on a fracture table under fluoroscopy, but cerclage wiring or cable bandage through a small incision was needed in the other 17 cases. The average operative time was 46 minutes (range, 21 to 98). Eighteen Seinsheimer type II fractures were left unlocked distally, and static distal interlocking with 1 bolt was carried out in the other 31 cases. No complications such as cutout or breakage of the implants were encountered.

CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that long PFN or long gamma nail is a reliable implant for subtrochanteric fractures, leading to high rate of bone union and minimal soft tissue damage. Intramedullary fixation has biological and biomechanical advantages, but the operation is technically demanding. Gradual learning and great patience is needed in order to make this method truly minimally invasive.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Nails ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; instrumentation ; Hip Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Radiography ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDColles' fracture usually associated with osteoporosis is regarded as the predictor of subsequent osteoporotic fracture. However, it is not clear how the local changes of bone mass take place during the course of treatment and whether the changes are related to clinical practice. The objective of the current study was to investigate the local changes of bone mass in patients with Colles' fracture and their possible clinical relevance in a follow-up study.

METHODSThe radiograms of the second metacarpal in 64 patients with Colles' fracture were assessed for bone density immediately after fracture, 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year after fracture, respectively. Functional results were evaluated at one year.

RESULTSBone mass six weeks after Colles' fracture was significantly decreased without returning to normal at one year though increased bone mass had been identified 6 months after fracture (P < 0.05), (P < 0.01). At one year significant (P < 0.05) or highly significant (P < 0.01) correlations were observed between bone mass indices of metacarpal and functional results, indicating that poor function is associated with lower bone density. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between fracture patterns also suggested that patients with more severe fractures have a more pronounced bone loss.

CONCLUSIONSBone loss during the course of treatment will have a direct effect upon the prognosis, so different treatment should be proposed for different patterns of fractures. Active exercise should be made to improve the recovery of bone mass.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Density ; Colles' Fracture ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Metacarpus ; diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis ; etiology ; Radiography

INTRODUCTIONProximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) and third-generation Gamma nail (Gamma 3) are widely used in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. However, it remains unclear which device achieves better clinical and radiographic outcomes when treating intertrochanteric fractures.

METHODSThis study comprised 239 patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated with either PFNA or Gamma 3 for a minimum of 12 months. During surgery, the operative time, image intensifier time and amount of blood loss were recorded. Following surgery, we assessed reduction quality and implant position. At the final follow-up, postoperative complications, including femoral shaft fracture, cutout, reoperation, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, cerebral infarction, cardiac infarction and decubital ulcer, were recorded. In addition, walking ability was assessed using the Parker-Palmer mobility score.

RESULTSNo difference was found in the operative time, image intensifier time and amount of blood loss between patients treated with PFNA and those treated with Gamma 3. The reduction quality of fractures treated with Gamma 3 was better than those treated with PFNA. However, there were no significant differences in implant position, walking ability and postoperative complications between the two groups. Although Gamma 3 resulted in better reduction quality, it did not provide any advantages in walking ability and postoperative complications when compared with PFNA.

CONCLUSIONTherefore, we conclude that both PFNA and Gamma 3 are safe and reliable devices for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Nails ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Fracture Healing ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Recovery of Function ; Rotation