Objective To study the effect of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus Decoction on defecating function of constipated mice.Methods Constipation mice models were induced by Compound Diphenoxylate.Defecating effects of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus on normal and constipation mice were observed.Results Middle and high dose of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus decoction could increase impelling rate of small intestine,shorten the time for the first dark stools(P<0.05 or P<0.01).and add the amount of dark stools within 6 hours(P<0.01).Conclusion Fructus Aurantii Immaturus has the functions of loosening bowel to relieve constipation.

For the preparation of implementing IEC 60601-1 Ed. 3.1 in advance, this paper analyzes the main difference between IEC 60601-1 Ed. 3.1 and GB 9706.1-2007, and discusses the possible influence to medical device designing and testing.
Equipment Design ; standards ; Equipment and Supplies ; standards

Objective To investigate the role of underlying diseases in predicting the length of stay for observation in emergency department of internal medicine by the Charlson weighted index of comorbidities (WIC).Methods A single-center retrospective analysis of clinical data of 2 836 patients admitted in emergency observation room of the Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from January 1 to June 30 in 2013 was carried out.The patients were divided into two groups according to the length of observation time:Group A (time of observation ≥72 h,n =1908) and Group B (time of observation ＜ 72 h,n =928).The data of the length of observation time were recorded,and the WIC and the APACHE Ⅱ score were calculated.Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent predictors for 72-hour observation.Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the value of WIC in predicting 72-hour observation.Results Of 2836 patients,1176 (41.5％) suffered from respiratory disease,709 (25.0％) had cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,423 (14.9％) were contracted digestive system disease,251 (8.8％) had renal and endocrinology system diseases and 277 (9.8％) had diseases arisen from physicochemical factor and miscellaneous causes.Compared with patients in Group B,the average age,the number of elderly patients residing in apartment exclusively for elderly,the WIC and the APACHE Ⅱ score were higher in patients in Group A.The one-variable and multi-variable Logistic regression analyses showed that age,the WIC score,the APACHE Ⅱ score and residing in apartment for elderly people were related with 72-hour observation in emergency observation room.The area under the ROC curve in predicting 72-hour observation was 0.701 for the WIC score,0.788 for APACHE Ⅱ score and 0.853 for their combination.Conclusions The WIC scoring system can be a good predicting method for 72-hour observation in patients in emergency observation room.

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Objective: To investigate the effects of Shengmai drink(生脉饮) on nitric oxide(NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in rats with acute lung injury(ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Methods: The male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group,ALI group,Shengmai drink group and dexamethasone group.LPS was injected into the sublingual vein of rats to prepare ALI models.Macroscopic and histopathological examinations were performed and biological indexes including lung wet weight/dry weight,the ratio of neutrophils and protein content in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid((BALF),) pulmonary vascular permeability and pulmonary alveolar permeability index were detected.(Meanwhile),the activities of serum NO and lung tissue homogenate iNOS were measured.Results: Lung histopathological examination showed the injury and cellular infiltration in the pulmonary stroma and alveoli were more prominent in the ALI group than that in the control group.Lung wet weight/dry weight,the(ratio) of neutrophils and protein content in BALF,pulmonary alveolar(permeability) index,pulmonary vascular(permeability) were significantly increased,NO and iNOS were also markedly elevated in the ALI group((P

Objective To study the effect of volatile chemicals in the air of newly decorated rooms on O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression in the lung, liver, kidney and testicle tissues of mice. Methods Forty Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups and the imitate pollutants mixture of volatile chemicals in the air of newly decorated rooms was used as the exposed toxicants: low-dose exposure group (7.5 mg/m3), moderate-dose exposure group (15 mg/m3), high-dose exposure group (30 mg/m3), the control group (no exposure ). The mice were exposed 4 hours each day, for nine weeks. Streptavidin and biotechnology-peroxidase (SABC) immunohistochemical method was used to determine the MGMT expression in the lung, liver, testicle and kidney tissues. Results The expression of MGMT in the liver, lung, testicle tissues in the high, moderate and low-dose groups reduced significantly compared with the control group (P0.05). Conclusion The higher exposure of volatile chemicals from the air of newly decorated rooms may inhibit the MGMT expression in the liver, lung and testicle tissues of mice.

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AIM: To approach the relationship between the expression of intercellular adhesion (ICAM-1 mRNA) and acute lung injury (ALI) as well as the mechanisms of rhubarb in the prevention and treatment of the lung injury. METHODS: ALI animal model was performed by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The rats were divided into 4 groups: LPS group, control group, rhubarb+LPS group and dexamethasone+LPS group. Histopathological examination and biological markers were measured for the lung specimens. Molecular hybridization method was used to determine the expression of ICAM-1 mRNA. RESULTS: The ICAM-1 mRNA expression in the lung tissues of LPS group significantly increased compared with control group ( P

Objective To study the effect of preoperative immunonutrition on nutritional status and immunity for the patients with gastrointestinal cancer, and to evaluate whether the administration of immunonutrition could reduce the rate of postoperative complication and thus shorten the days of postoperative hospitalization. Methods Sixty patients with different gastrointestinal cancer were randomized to receive either immunonutrition (containing Arginine, RNA and ?-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) for 7 days before surgery (EN, n=30) or a conventional diet (CONT, n=30). Variables of nutritional status and immunity, postoperative complications, infection and the days of postoperative hospitalization were measured. Results There were no significant differences in the immunological and nutritional variables between two groups before surgery. The serum concentrations of prealbumin(PALB) and transferrin(TRF) were lower than those before surgery in the CONT group on postoperative day 3 (P

Parkinson′s disease(PD)is a common disease caused by multiple factors and characterized by pathological degen?eration in the dopaminergic neural system. Based on its pathogenic factors,PD can be divided into several subtypes,so it is essential to develop therapeutic agents based on the main pathogenic factor of each subtype of PD. Recently it is confirmed that the mutation of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2(LRRK2)gene leads to increased activity of the LRRK2 notably,and then causes neurodegeneration. Thus developing LRRK2 inhibitors to modulate the kinase activity will be a novel therapy for the PD subtype which is caused by LRRK2 gene mutation. LRRK2,either a kinase or a GTPase,has two drug binding sites. Therefore,two types of LRRK2 inhibitors are being studied,one is the kinase inhibitor and the other is GTPase inhibitor. This paper summarizes the recent progress in the dis?covery and development of LRRK2 inhibitors.