The Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was used to cut anterior membrane of intraocular lens(IOL)in 5 cases(5 eyes).The pulse energy ranged from 0.5～1.6 mJ,and the total energy applied during 1 session was 21.5～95.5mJ.The results showed that Q- switched Nd:YAG laser is an effective al- ternative to the anterior membranes of IOL.

Objective To explore the specific features and value of spiral CT delay repeated scanning in diagnosis of cerebral schistosomiasis granuloma.Methods The spiral CT dynamil scanning material of 49 cases of intracerebral schistomiasis proved by pathology and clinic were retrospectively analyzed.Results There was no focus enhancement within ninety seconds post contialed;Focus showed a beginning enhancement was begun within the second to the fifith minutes and the peak enhancement was within the fifth to the fifteenth minutes mixed together like a ball gradually ;Focus enhancement decreased with time within the fifteenth to the twentieth minutes and disappeared after the twenty-fifth minutes.Conclusion Spiral CT delay repeated scanning had specific features in diagnosis of cerebral schistosomiasis granuloma,the diagnosis accuracy rates was 100%.

Improving insulin resistance is the key to prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.Treatment aimed at insulin resistance can prevent type 2 diabetes in an earlier stage with a better effect, prevent the deterioration of β-cell function, and decrease the rate of the progression to atherosclerosis.

Objective To observe the visual acuity change in patients with different patterns of optical coherence tomography (OCT) of diabetic macular edema (DME) after intravitreal ranibizumab injection and/or laser photocoagulation.Methods A retrospective observational case series.Seventy patients (99 eyes) with DME were enrolled.Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was evaluated using the international vision test chart,and then convert the result to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR).According to the morphological characteristics of OCT,the DME was divided into 3 patterns,including diffuse macular edema (DRT),cystoid macular edema (CME) and serous neuroepithelial layer detachment.The average follow-up was (80.43 ± 74.89) days.The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the different treatments,including intravitreal ranibizumab injection group (group A,21 patients,25 eyes),intravitreal ranibizumab injection and laser photocoagulation group (group B,23 patients,26 eyes),laser photocoagulation group (group C,26 patients,48 eyes).The changes of absolute BCVA (ABCVA) and improved visual acuity were compared between different treatment groups and different OCT patterns.ABCVA =logMAR BCVA before treatment-logMAR BCVA after treatment.Improvement more than 0.3 of logMAR value was considered as improved visual acuity.Results There was no significant difference in ABCVA between different treatment groups (F=0.050,P＞0.05).The improved visual acuity in group A and B were great than group C (x2=5.645,6.301;P＜0.05).In group A,B and C,there was no significant difference in ABCVA and improved visual acuity between different OCT patterns (P＞0.05).Improved visual acuity of DRT and CME eyes were higher in group A&B (70.59％ and 50.00％) than in group C (26.47％ and 14.29％),the difference was statistically significant (x2=5.075,4.453;P＜0.05).Conclusions There is no obvious change of visual acuity in patients with different OCT patterns of DME after the same treatment by intravitreal ranibizumab injection and/or laser photocoagulation.The improved visual acuity is not consistent in same OCT patterns after different treatment.

Recent studies have shown that changes in the form and color of sublingual collaterals were related to diabetes. And the changes of sublingual collaterals have certain clinical value in judging the condition, stage, treatment and prognosis of diabetes. This article summarized the research progress of sublingual collaterals from two aspects: the relationship between sublingual collaterals and diabetes mellitus and laboratory indexes, and the modern science and technology.

Objective To investigate the relationship between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) and macular thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods A total of 161 T2DM inpatients were enrolled in this study.There were 95 males (95 eyes) and 66 females (66 eyes),with an average age of (62.2±11.0) years.The average duration of diabetes was (14.8±7.9) years.The patients were grouped according to the degree of DR.Among them,91 patients were no DR,24 patients were mild non-proliferative DR (NPDR),24 patients were moderate NPDR,13 patients were severe NPDR and 9 eyes were proliferative DR (PDR).Severe NPDR and PDR were combine into severe DR group for statistical analysis.All patients underwent direct ophthalmoscope,fundus colorized photography,spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT),fasting blood-glucose,glycated hemoglobin and renal function examinations.GFR was evaluated by 99 mTcDTPA.DR degree was evaluated by direct ophthalmoscope and fundus colorized photography.Central subfield (CSF),central macular volume and mean retinal thickness (MRT) were measure by SD-OCT.The correlation between GFR and DR staging and macular retinal thickness were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis and Pearson correlation analysis.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between GFR and presence of DR.Results GFR was gradually decreased in patients with no DR,mild NPDR,moderate NPDR and severe DR (F=12.32,P＜0.001).Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that GFR was negatively correlated to CSF (r=-0.202,P=0.010);but no correlation with MRT (r=-0.087,P=0.272).Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that GFR was negatively correlated to DR staging (r=-0.325,P ＜ 0.001).The difference of DR prevalence rate in normal,slight abnormal renal function and renal insufficiency patients was significant (x2=12.32,P=0.002).Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that lower levels of GFR was significantly associated with presence of DR (95％ confidence interval=1.71-4.32,odds ratio=2.72,P＜0.001).Conclusion In T2DM patients,GFR is negatively correlated to DR staging and CSF.Lower GFR is independent risk factors for DR.

OBJECTIVE To study and improve the washing methods for the metal piping medical instruments. METHODS Some contaminated metal uteroventral scraping and drawing instruments were randomly divided into group A(by the ultrasonic vibration with proteinase washing method)and group B(by the traditional manual washing method). The effects of two washing methods were studied. RESULTS The qualified rate of experimental samples in the group A was higher than that in the group B(P

Background It is essential to measure and assess the parameters of ocular anterior segment for refractive surgery in myopic eyes.Some different imaging devices can be used for biometric measurement of ocular anterior segment,but which is more accurate and convenient is still under investigation.Objective This study was to compare the anterior segment parameters in myopic eyes measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT),Orbscan topography and ultrasonic pachymetry (US).Methods One hundred and forty eyes of 70 myopic subjects with the diopter of-0.75 to-10.25 D,who intended to receive corneal refractive surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from November 2011 to May 2012,were retrospectively analyzed.Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured using AS-OCT,Orbscan Ⅱ and US,respectively,and anterior chamber depth (ACD) was measured by AS-OCT and Orbscan Ⅱ,and the angle to angle (ATA) distance and corneal white-to-white corneal distance (WTW) were measured by AS-OCT and Orbscan Ⅱ,respectively.The parameters from different apparatuses were statistically compared.Results The mean CCT were (516.57±30.25) μm in AS-OCT,(523.68±31.87) μm in US and (514.69±38.40) μm in Orbscan Ⅱ,without significant difference among them (F =2.775,P =0.063).Then the patients were divided into three groups based on the US measurement of CCT (＜500 μm group,500-569 μm group,and ≥ 570 μm group).In the ＜500 μm group,there was a significant difference in the CCT among the three methods (F =22.236,P =0.000),significant differences were found between AS-OCT and Orbscan Ⅱ,or Orbscan Ⅱ and US(both at P＜0.05).In the 500-569 μm group,there was no significant difference in the CCT among the three methods (F =3.011,P =0.051).In the ≥ 570 μm group,there was a significant difference in the CCT among the three methods (F =4.133,P =0.021),a significant difference was found between AS-OCT and US(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between AS-OCT and Orbscan Ⅱ (P＞0.05).The ACD values measured by AS-OCT was (3.83±0.21) mm,which was higher than (3.75 ± 0.21) mm by Orbscan Ⅱ,with a significant difference between them (t =-8.520,P =0.000).In addition,the ATA value by AS-OCT (12.43 mm±0.74 mm) was higher than the WTW value (11.42 mm±0.33 mm) by OrbscanⅡ,with a significant difference between them(t=-18.088,P=0.000).Conclusions AS-OCT,US and Orbscan Ⅱ can offer accurate CCT value,and they can provide references to one another before refractive surgery.However,the ACD,ATA and WTW values by AS-OCT and Orbscan]Ⅱ have large differences.

Objective To establish the HPLC characteristic chromatogram of Shenshitong Granules. Methods The chromatographie fingerprints were obtained through Thermo Hypersil GOLD-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm) with the gradient elution solvent system composed of acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid (0-20 min, 5%→10% acetonitrile;20-40 min, 10%→12%acetonitrile;40-60 min, 12%→14%acetonitrile;60-90 min, 14%→20%acetonitrile;90-120 min, 20%→28%acetonitrile). The detective wavelength was set at 280 nm;the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;the column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃;the analysis time was 120 min. Results The HPLC characteristic chromatogram was built on basis of 10 batches of Shenshitong Granules, including 27 common peaks which contain the characteristic peaks of 6 Chinese herbal medicines, such as Radix Salvia Miltiorrhizae, Herba Lysimachiae, etc. Conclusion The established HPLC fingerprint has high sensitivity and good repeatability, and can be available for quality evaluation of Shenshitong Granules.

Objective To investigate the growth inhibition and radiosensitization of Celecoxib in hu-man nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2. Methods CNE-2 growth inhibition by Celecoxib was eval-uated by MTT method. Apoptosis-related changes in morphology were observed by transmission electron mi-croscopy (TEM). Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate were measured by flowcytometry (FCM). The ex-pression of COX-2 protein was observed by SP method after the treatment of Celecoxib. Cells were randomly planted into four groups: irradiation control(Ci), drug group(Cd), irradiation group(R), and Celecoxib plus irradiation group(D+R). Single irradiation of 2,4,6,8,and 10 Gy were administered for colonogenic assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate were analyzed at 6 Gy irradiation. Results The growth of CNE-2 cell was inhibited by celecoxib in a dose-and time-dependent manner, the IC50 was 80 μmol/L After the treatment, cell ratio of GO and G, phases was increased (47.03±2.76 vs 56.17±1.95, t=4.68, P= 0.010), whereas the ratio of S and G2/M phases was decreased (33.07±1.86 vs 24.87±1.76, t=5.54, P = 0.010; 19.30±0.53: 17.73±0.83, t=2.75, P=0.050), and the apoptosis rate was increased (1.57±0.47:10.47±0.31, t = 27.39, P = 0.000) in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis with nuclear chromatin condensation, fragmentation and cell shrinkage was found by TEM. SP method showed that Celeib decreased COX-2 expression (17.48±0.34 vs 12.82±0.51,t=13.20,P =0.00). The sensitivity ratio(D0) was 1.15. FCM showed that the percentage of cells in G2/M phase was significanty more in R and D+R groups than in Ci and Cd groups (68.00±1.65,54.27±5.74,17.60±0.80,14.86±1.23, t=47.70,P=0.000; t=11.63, P=0.000), and also significantly different between R group and D + R group (t=3.99, P= 0.020). The apoptosis rate was higher in R and D + R groups than Ci and Cd groups(4.83±0.97,9.50± 1.35,1.33±0.86 and 2.28±0.42,t=4.67,P=0.010;t=8.81, P=0.000), D + R group than R group(t =4.85,P=0.010). Conclusions Celecoxib can markedly inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis in CNE-2 cells,which may depend on COX-2 pathway. Celeeoxib potently enhances the radiosensitivity of CNE-2 cells,which may due to the repair inhibit of radiation-induced DNA damage, inhibit of cell proliferation,and enhancement of cell apoptosis after irradiation.