Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of nosocomial infections in senile inpatients(≥75 years old) and to propose the control strategy according to the analysis. Methods A total of 2675 senile inpatients(≥75 years old) from 2007 to 2008 were prospectively evaluated and retrospectively reviewed. The infection incidence rate, infection fatality rate, average length of stay in hospitals, location of infections, main pathogenic bacteria and common protopathy were analyzed. Results Among 2675 senile inpatients, 222 senile inpatients suffered from nosocomial infection. Among all age groups in this hospital during the same period, the infection incidence rate and the infection fatality rate were higher in the senile group than in the general group(8.3% vs. 1.9%, 0.8% vs. 0.1%,both P<0.01). The average length of stay in our hospital was 54.0 days. The lower respiratory tract infections were most common, and the urinary system infections, and the blood infections. Gram-negative bacteria was the major source of nosocomial infection(47.0%, 110/234), while infection rate of Gram-positive bacteria was 32.9% (77/234) and fungus was 20.1% (47/234). The cerebral vascular disease was the most common protopathy, then malignant tumor was in 45 cases (20.3%), kidney disease was in 31 cases(14.0%), cardiac disease was in 29 cases(13.1%) and respiratory disease was in 21 cases(9.5%). Conclusions There are higher infection incidence rate, higher infection fatality rates,longer length of stay in hospitals in senile inpatients(≥75 years old). The lower respiratory tract infections were most common and Gram-negative bacteria was the major source of nosocomial infection. We should adopt active management to control the nosocomial infections.

Objective To design a new type of nasopharyngeal airway tube,which can resolve the upper respiratory tract obstruction due to general anesthesia.Methods All types of used flex endotracheal tube were collected.Take off the cuff outside of the tube wall and cut them into different lengths.Then,the connectors were reinstalled to the prepared tubes.Results With the designed nsopharyngeal airway tubes inserted,50 patients having complicated glossocoma in general anesthesia no longer snored and they could breathe freely.Conclusion The new type of nsopharyngeal airway tube is easy to produce and adapts well to clinical work.

Capillary gas chromatographic column 1 (7.5%　W/W,3 5×0. 35mm i.d.) and column 2 (9.2% W/W,35×0.30mm i.d.) using butylammonium 4-to unesulfonate as stationary phase were prepared by the method of dynamic coating with mercury plug, and the solvent used was mixture of acetone and methanol (2 ∶1　V/V). The results　showed that the column had good chromatograpic pro perties, especially to strong polar compound, such as carboxylic acids and acoho ls could be separated well.

OBJECTIVE To provide more evidence for hospital infection control.METHODS To(analyze) the clinical records of the hospital-acquired pneumonia(HAP) of senile patients in department of(neurology) during Jan 2004 to Dec 2005 retrospectively.RESULTS There were 109 person-times(145 cases) senile(patients) with hospital(infection) during the two years.From them 77 cases were hospital-acquired infection,32 cases were ventilator-(associated) pneumonia(VAP),the infection rate was 22.1%.CONCLUSIONS The infection of HAP in department of neurology may induce by several factors.The key point to control HAP is prospective monitoring hospital(infection) in time,and taking effective measures to prevent the hospital infection on the basis of treatment the(underlying) disease.

OBJECTIVE: To seek the bionic material myocardial extracellular matrix in the myocardial tissue engineering for the cultured myocardial cells and to provide a reliable scaffold.METHODS: A computer-based online search of CNKI and PubMed database to search articles published between January 1996 and August 2007 on scaffold material of tissue engineering.RESULTS: Natural biological scaffold materials with good biocompatibility and mechanical properties are ideal choice in the cardiac tissue engineering rapid prototyping technology. Natural biological materials such as collagen, chitosan have poor mechanical properties and plasticity, but good biocompatibility, which can be used for rapid prototyping of cardiac stents. The scaffolds which are prepared by the technology such as three-dimensional printing, laser sintering, three-dimensional pressing,selective laser sintering rapid prototyping technology on have the advantages such as high porosity, high surface area volume ratio,completely transparent among the holes, controllable macro-shape, porosity, and independent control of aperture.CONCLUSION: Through the use of dispersion/accumulation forming principle, surface modification of traditional biological materials in cardiac tissue engineering using computers and other high-tech nano-polymer technology is expected to provide ideal myocardial scaffolds.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Chinese botulinum toxin A(CBTX-A)injection in the treatment of motor tics in patients with tic disorder.Methods Twenty-five patients(20 male,5 female)were treated with CBTX-A in the sites of their most problematic motor tics.Before treatment the data of Yale Global Tic Severityb Scale(YGTSS)was collected.All patients were assessed at least 3 times after 1 week,4 weeks and within 12-month period.At each visit the following data were collected:YGTSS,Jankovic clinical rating scale,time to response,duration of response,global impression of changes by patients,presence of premonitory sensory tic component and side effects.Results Total number of treatment sessions was 29.The mean response time was 5.0 days.The mean duration of response was 4.6 months.The mean peak effect response in Jankovic clinical rating scale was 3.4.Based on YGTSS,62.1% (18/29)was rated as marked improvement,34.5%(10/29)as moderate improvement and only 3.4% (1/29)as no effect.85.7%(18/21)patients had less premonitory sensation symptoms(mean benefit 72.4%(20%-100%)).Weakness in the site of injection and rash were the main side effect. Conclusion CBTX-A is an effective and safe treatment for motor tics associated with tic disorder.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effect of phacoemulsifcation and posterior chamber intraocular lens(IOL) implantation combined with trabeculectomy in patients with cataract and glaucoma.Methods26 cases(26 eyes)were theated by phacoemulsification and IOL implantation combined with trabeculectomy.Follow-up period was for 2～16 months.ResultsThe average intraocular pressure(IOP)was reducded from 24.82 mmHg preoperatively to 16.52 mmHg postoperatively.IOP was less than 21 mmHg in 88.46% eyes.Visual acuity was 0.3 or better in 80.77% of eyes during following-up.61.54% of eyes were found with functional filtering blebs.ConclusionTriple procedure is safe and suitable method for most patiants with glaucoma and cateract

Practical teaching is an important component of higher medical education. The article introduced a number of exploration and experience of Shaoyang Medical College in building a practical teaching quality guarantee system,such as revising personnel training programs, optimizing practice teaching environment,enhancing teaching quality construction projects, strengthening teachers troop construction reinforcing teaching practice management and the teaching quality monitoring,etc.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD). Methods The clinical characteristics and the causes of misdiagnosis in 15 patients with DRD were reviewed retrospectively.Results 4 male and 11 female patients were investigated in this study. The age at DRD onset was from 3~25 years old,the average age was 11.7 years old.The courses ranged from 2 to 29 years and the average was 12.1 years. The symptoms in female patients often aggravated during gravidity and delivery. Main clinical features included gait irregularity, postural instability and tremor, with marked diurnal fluctuation. The disease may be misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy, idiopathic torsion dystonia, essential tremor, parkinson's disease, neurosis and so on. All the patients in this study improved obviously in 2 weeks after therapy with low dose of Madopar, and recovered in 2~4 years of follow up.Conclusions Clinical diversity and diurnal fluctuation are the characteristics of DRD. Early trial treatment with low dose of Levodopa should be highly recommended for the generalized dystonia in children and untypical adults.

[Objective] To study the effect and reliability of fluoxetine on depression and symptoms in cancer patient,and to assess the overall quality of life before and after treatment.[Methods]We treated 54 cancer patients with depression by Fluxetine for 8 w,at the same time,evaluated their emotion state,change of quality of life and the adverse effect with HAMD,HAMA,TESS and laboratory tests.[Results]After 8 w,patients’ scores of anxiety and depression decreased significantly from the baseline,effective rates were 82.4% and 96.3% respectively.3 domains of quality of life (physiology,psychology and independence) became much better than those of baseline.The side effect of fluxetine was small.[Conclusion]This study shows that fluoxetine can reduce the depression and anxiety symptoms in cancer patients.