Objective To determine whether sleep structures,the waveform components of NREM and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and the relationship between sleep variables and mental status are altered. Methods Totally 16 Alzheimer's disease(AD) patients and 16 age-matched controls were studied for two consecutive nights.All cases were video-monitored during the recordings of electroencephalography,electro-oculography,electrocardiography,electromyography in chin,and nasal airflow. Results (1) Compared with normal controls,duration of total sleep ( F =6.30, P =0.017 9),stage Ⅱ sleep ( F =16.03, P =0.000 4),and REM sleep ( F =9.84, P =0.002 1) were remarkably decreased,but waveform components of slow-wave (stage Ⅲ-IV) sleep ( F =11.50, P =0.004) were increased in AD patients.(2) Sleep spindle duration and density,and its relative and absolute power,and K complex density ( F =13.64～79.11, P

Objective To investigate the polymorphism of the HLA DRB1 gene in patients with MS,as to explaining the differences of clincal features and pathology between Caucasian and Asian Methods Thirty patients with MS including 2 twin families and 40 normal controls were studied by genotype of HLA DRB1 using PCR SSP Results Monozygotic twins identified by microsatellite markers were affected in spinal cord,brain and pons The genotype of them was HLA DRB1*09*14 1 One of the dizygotic pair whose genotype was HLA DRB1*01*12 was a patient with neuromyelitis optica while her normal sister was HLA DRB1*17*12 The ratio of case number of Western type MS and Asian type was 1∶1,and no difference existed in age at onset,duration and gender between two types It’s different from Caucasian that the most involved locations were spinal cord (this study 70 0%) and optical nerve (56 7%) The frequency of HLA DR15 in MS was higher than in controls (13/30 vs 10/40),but not significant (? 2=2 611 8, P =0 106 1),however,the DR12 allele was strongly associated with optico spinal type (8/15 vs 4/40, RR =5 33,? 2=9 603 0, P =0 001 9),but not associated with Western MS Conclusion The difference of concordance between monozygotic and dizygotic twins suggested that the susceptibility of MS was affected by genetic factors Association between HLA DR12 and optico spinal type MS in northern Chinese was suggested,which may be one of the genetic causes of the differences in manifestation and pathology

Objective To investigate the symptoms, signs and distribution of focus in acute insular infarct syndrome, as well as the effects on cardiovascular system. Methods The clinical manifestations of 20 patients with first-event acute insular infarct syndrome were analyzed retrospectively. Results All the patients revealed the intellectual deterioration, aphasia, hemiparalysis, sensory disorder and vestibular-like symptoms. The temporal lobes were mostly involved (65%). Electrocardiogram showed ST segment depressed mostly. The supraventricular premature beats were the most frequence finding by Holter monitoring in left insular infarction except atrial fibrillation, and their heart rate variability indicated that the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) decreased, but root mean square successive difference (RMSSD) increased. Conclusion The insular infarct syndrome can be charactered as a group of symptoms of intellectual deterioration, aphasia, hemiparalysis, sensory disorder and vestibular-like symptom. Left insular infarct could be complicated with arrhythmia, which increases the risk of adverse cardiac outcome. The characteristics of arteries to Sylvian angle may be associated with the syndrome.