Objective To determine whether sleep structures,the waveform components of NREM and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and the relationship between sleep variables and mental status are altered. Methods Totally 16 Alzheimer's disease(AD) patients and 16 age-matched controls were studied for two consecutive nights.All cases were video-monitored during the recordings of electroencephalography,electro-oculography,electrocardiography,electromyography in chin,and nasal airflow. Results (1) Compared with normal controls,duration of total sleep ( F =6.30, P =0.017 9),stage Ⅱ sleep ( F =16.03, P =0.000 4),and REM sleep ( F =9.84, P =0.002 1) were remarkably decreased,but waveform components of slow-wave (stage Ⅲ-IV) sleep ( F =11.50, P =0.004) were increased in AD patients.(2) Sleep spindle duration and density,and its relative and absolute power,and K complex density ( F =13.64～79.11, P

ObjectiveTo explore the atorvastatin impact of pretreatment on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injured model of rabbits.MethodsThe animal model was induced by occlusion abdominal aorta. Spinal cord was performed for 45 min ischemia and neuronal function was evaluated at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after reperfusion. The contents of malonydialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were assayed 24 h after reperfusion.ResultsThe neuronal function decreased significantly 12 h and 24 h after reperfusion. The activity of SOD significantly enhanced, MDA contents and the activity of MPO decreased at medium-dose and high-dose atorvastatin.ConclusionAtorvastatin has protective effect on the spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury of rabbits.

Plant polyphenols are a group of naturally occurring phytochemicals which are present in high amounts in plants and are the most abundant dietary antioxidants. Epidemiological and animal model researches have indicated that polyphenols can improve cognitive function. The mechanism for polyphenols to improve cognitive function has been extensively studied and may be owing to antioxidant, anti-imflammatory, neuroprotective, cerebrovascular blood flow increasing activities, and etc. Nowadays, the plant polyphenols and its benefits to cognitive function have become a hot research topic. In this article, we reviewed the latest progress from the structure and origin of phenolic compound, as well as its effect and action mechanism on cognitive function.

Objective To compare the curative effects of lumbar traction in supine position with hip flection and extension for prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc (PLID).Methods 84 PLID patients were all treated by lumbar traction in supine position. But, group A (42 cases) with hip flection and group B (42 cases) with hip extension. Before and after three weeks therapy, all patients were assessed by Fairbank JC index and Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) to observe the symptom and pain condition.Results The scores of Fairbank JC index and VAS scale of the patients in group A were significantly lower than those in the group B (P<0.001).Conclusion Lumbar traction in supine position with hip flection for the PLID can obviously promote the curative effects.

Objective To screen for selective transforming growth factor β(TGF-β)inhibitors from the compound library, and analyze their structure-activity relationship. Methods The inhibiting activities of 170 compounds to TGF-βpathway were evaluat-ed by the SMAD3 luciferase reporter system;the positive hits were examined for their selectivity towards activin receptor like kinase (ALK)4、ALK5 or ALK7 by a molecule based screening system composed of SMAD3,ATP and the purified kinase domain for ALK4, ALK5 or ALK7;the EGFP-SMAD2 fusion protein redistribution assay was used to confirm the inhibiting effects of positive hits. The structure-activity relationship was analyzed by comparing the docking module of SB431542 with ALK5 kinase domain. Results Fif-teen compounds were found capable of inhibiting luciferase expression downstream of SMAD3 with≥25%inhibitory rate;several of them showed different selectivity towards ALK4,ALK5 and ALK7. Compound 63 selectively inhibited the activity of ALK4 and ALK7 with IC500.234 and 0.370μmol/L,respectively,while compound 64 showed inhibiting activity towards all three kinases with the IC50 values 10,6 and 85 nmol/L for ALK4、ALK5 and ALK7,respectively. In addition,compounds 63 and 64 further inhibited the TGF-β1 induced EGFP-SMAD2 nuclear translocation,with the IC50 values of 0.45 and 6.30μmol/L,respectively. The MTT anti-proliferative assay indicated that compounds 63 and 64 exerted these activities at non-toxic concentrations. The analysis of structure-activity rela-tionship indicated that the compounds sharing a core structure,the 1,2,4-triarylimizazole or 1,3,5-triarylpyrazoline,with the 3,4 methyoenedioxyphenyl,6-methylpyridine and 4-aminocarboxyl substitution groups tended to exhibit better activities. Conclusion The two potent TGF-βpathway inhibitors,63 and 64 are identified through this screening project,of which,63 selectively inhibited the ALK4 and ALK7 activity,while 64 showed inhibiting activity towards all three tested types of ALKs.

Objective To investigate the relationship between RELN gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and childhood autism in Jiamusi, Heilongjiang. Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to determine allele and genotype of SNP (exon 6) of RELN in 30 children with autism and 30 normal children. Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) was used to evaluate the children. Results There was a significant difference in the distribution of the allelic frequencies and genotype in exon 6 between these groups (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the communication factors between patients with genotype of A/A and A/G or A/A and G/G (P<0.05), as well as in the total scores of ABC between A/G and G/G (P<0.05). Conclusion The SNP of RELN (exon 6) associated with the childhood autism. There is a more serious communication disorder in children with genotype of G/G, A/G than that of A/A.

Background and objective It has been proven that the lung cancer mortality rate in Xuanwei County, China was among the highest in the country and has been associated with exposure to indoor smoky coal emissions that con-tain high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Tis risk may be modified by variation in genetic polymorphisms and coal subtypes. Our objective was to use molecular epidemiological techniques to investigate the relationship among genetic polymorphisms, coal subtype and lung cancer risk in Xuanwei County. Methods On the basis of two population-based case-control studies in residents of Xuanwei County, China, questionnaires covering demographic information, smoking his-tory, family and personal medical history, and information on other variables were administered and buccal cells and sputum samples were collected separately from each subject enrolled to extract DNA. GST superfamily, AKR1C3 superfamily, OGG1 superfamily and other genotype were scanned by useing PCR method. ORs and 95%CIs were used to estimate the associa-tion between genotypes, coal subtypes and lung cancer risk factors by conditional Logistic regression using Statistical Analysis Sofware. Results Compared with subjects who using smokeless coal or wood, smoky coal use was statistically significantly associated with lung cancer risk (OR=7.7, 95%CI: 4.5-13.3). Tere was marked heterogeneity in risk estimates for specific sub-types of smoky coal. Estimates were highest for coal from the Laibin (OR=24.8), Longtan (OR=11.6) and Baoshan (OR=6.0) coal types, and lower for coal from other types; the risk within the same subtype of coal in male and female were similar. Te GSTM1-null genotype, the AKR1C3 (Ex1-70C>G), OGG1 (Ex6-315C>G) genotypes were closely associated with increased risk of lung cancer in Xuanwei County, and their odds ratios (95%CI) were 2.3 (1.3-4.2), 1.8 (1.0-3.5) and 1.9 (1.1-3.3), re-spectively. Compared to subjects who with GSTM1-positive and used less than 130 tons of smoky coal during their lifetime, higher risks were closely associated with GSTM1-null and heavier users (≥130 tons), with the OR was 4.9 (95%CI: 1.3-18.2) and 2.7 (95%CI: 1.0-7.4) for female and male, respectively. However, higher risks were only found within female for AKR1C3 (Ex1-70C>G) and OGG1 (Ex6-315C>G), with OR (95%CI)=12.9 (2.2-107.8) and 5.7 (1.1-34.2), respectively. Conclusion Lung cancer risks varied among coal subtypes; however, risks were similar between men and women exposed to the same type of coal. Te GSTM1-null genotype may enhance susceptibility to air pollution from indoor smoky coal combustion emissions. AKR1C3 and OGG1 genotypes were significantly associated with higher risk of lung cancer, especially among heavily exposed women.

Objective:To disclose the molecular genetic differences of Culex flavivirus among mosquitoes in Gansu province in 2011 and 2019.Methods:Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to obtain the nucleotide sequences of Culex flavivirus genomes from mosquitoes in Gansu province in 2011 and 2019, and viral molecular biology and bioinformatics method were used to analyze the genetic differences of the viruses.Results:Nucleotide sequences of 10 strains of Culex flavivirus were obtained, including 8 strains (all from Culex pipiens pallens) obtained in 2011 and 2 strains ( from Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis) in 2019. Homology analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of virus E gene showed that the nucleotide sequence similarity and amino acid similarity of viruses isolated from Gansu in 2019 and 2011 ranged from 98.3%-100% and 95.4%-97.3%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of Culex flavivirus E gene sequence showed that two strains of Culex flavivirus isolated in Gansu province in 2019 (GS1975 and GS1976) and eight strains of Culex flavivirus isolated in 2011 all belonged to group B of genotype 1 of Culex flavivirus. Further analysis found that GS1975 virus isolated in 2019 was in a common evolutionary cluster with viruses isolated from Liaoning (2010 and 2011) and Inner Mongolia (2018), while GS1976 virus isolated in 2019 formed a coevolutionary cluster with viruses isolated from Inner Mongolia (2018) and Gansu (2011). Conclusions:Although both Culex flaviviruses isolated in Gansu province in 2011 and 2019 are genotype 1 virus, the two viruses isolated in 2019 distributed in two different evolutionary clusters, suggesting that the local mosquito virus genome changes over time, therefore, long-term monitoring of molecular differences is needed to carry out.

Objective:To perform virological and molecular biological identification of the virus (SX1943) isolated from specimens of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Shaanxi province in 2019. Methods:Mosquito ground fluid was inoculated into tissue culture cells, and isolates were made virological and molecular genetic analysis.Results:A virus isolate (SX1943) was obtained from a specimen of Culex tritaeniorhynchus collected in Shaanxi province in 2019, which developed significant cytopathic effect (CPE) on day 3 after inoculation into C6/36 cells, manifested as cell pyknosis, aggregation and shedding, and the isolate could be stably passaged. However, no significant CPE was observed after three consecutive passages in BHK-21 cells. Electron microscopy (negative staining) of C6/36 cells inoculated with SX1943 virus showed a large number of round virus particles, about 25 nm in diameter. The result of amplification and sequencing of the SX1943 viral genome showed that the total length of the viral genome sequence was 3 594 nt, encoding a total of three proteins, which were non-structural proteins (NS1 and NS2) and capsid proteins (VP), and the gene lengths of the three proteins were 2 376 nt, 1 098 nt and 1 136 nt, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the virus revealed that the SX1943 virus were in the same evolutionary clade as Culex pipiens pallens Densovirus (CppDNV) in the genus Brevidensovirus in the subfamily Densovirus, and the above result suggested that SX1943 virus was CppDNV. Conclusions:CppDNV was isolated from Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Shaanxi province.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with dentatorubro-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA).

METHODSDNA analysis for DRPLA gene was performed in two patients. Clinical features and genetic testing of Chinese DRPLA patients reported in the literature were reviewed in terms of initial symptoms, CAG repeat and age of onset.

RESULTSBoth families were confirmed by genetic analysis. In family 1, the number of CAG repeat in the proband, his brother and his mother was determined respectively as 8/65, 8/53 and 8/18. In family 2, the number of CAG repeat was respectively 13/63, 13/18, 18/52 and 13/13 in the proband, his brother, his father and his mother. The size of the expanded CAG repeats has inversely correlated with the age at onset (P<0.05, r=- 0.555). The age at onset of epilepsy was 10 and that for the onset of ataxia is forty years in initial symptom.

CONCLUSIONThe clinical characteristics of DRPLA include epilepsy, ataxia and cognitive impairment. The initial symptoms are epilepsy in adolescence and ataxia in adults. The size of expanded CAG repeats inversely correlates with the age at onset. The initial symptoms are different with different age of onset. It is difficult to diagnose DRPLA at an early stage.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Atrophy ; genetics ; Basal Ganglia Diseases ; diagnosis ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Dentate Gyrus ; pathology ; Family Health ; Female ; Globus Pallidus ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; Pedigree ; Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion ; genetics ; Young Adult