Objective To evaluate the effect of a new schistosomiasis control strategy based on the infection source control in four-lake regions of Hubei Province. Methods The new strategy based on the infection source control included the safe water sup-ply,feces harmless treatment,replacing cattle with machine,captive livestock,chemotherapy,Oncomelania hupensis snail con-trol in susceptible areas,hardening ditches,etc,and the new control strategy was implemented for 7 years in 9 counties(cities or districts)of the four-lake regions. The schistosomiasis situations were investigated before and after the intervention of the new strat-egy. Results The coverage rates of feces harmless toilets(three format toilets),biogas digesters,and safe water supply were 42.00%,23.16% and 93.76%,respectively. The number of ditch hardening was 1 960;the area of eliminating snails was 1 378.42 hm2;the number of persons who received the health education was 3 524 818 accounting for 92.17%of the total popula-tion;the number of person-time of taking active protection measures was 516 636 963. The average annual decline rates of schisto-some infection were 24.42%and 38.38%in residents and cattle,respectively. The endemic villages decreased by 4.77%,the vil-lages with snails decreased by 7.05%,and the villages with snails accounted between 63.19%and 66.21%of the total endemic vil-lages. The area with snails decreased by 90.35%,and the advance schistosomiasis patients decreased by 5.55%,and the fatality rate of advanced schistosomiasis patients decreased by 1.24%. No acute schistosomiasis patients occurred. Type One and Two en-demic(heavy endemic)villages decreased to zero;Type Three endemic(moderate endemic)villages decreased by 10.22%;but Type Four endemic(mild endemic)villages increased by 66.38%;and Type Five endemic(no endemic for 5 years)villages de-creased by 0.22%. The standards of schistosomiasis transmission controlled have achieved on schedule. Conclusion The imple-mentation of the new schistosomiasis control strategy based on the infection source control in four-lake regions of Hubei Province can effectively control schistosomiasis.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of Fangyouling extracted from herb on Schistosoma japonicum in-fection in the field. Methods The residents in 2 villages Zhaonao Village and Miaochang Village were divided into Group A 139 persons and Group B 162 persons and the residents in Group A embrocated Fangyouling before their contacting the in-fested water and the residents in Group B did not. All the residents were investigated with questionnaires and received the blood and stool examinations for schistosomiasis. Results The positive rates of blood tests were 3.13%and 9.34%in Group A and Group B respectively, the positive rates of stool examinations were 1.92%and 6.44%in Group A and Group B respectively both P values<0.05 . Conclusion Fangyouling has a good protective effect on S. japonicum infection.

Objective To investigate the effects of propofol and sevoflurane on oxidative stess response induced by short period pure oxygen inhalation during general anesthesia.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 20-60 yr weighing 50-85 kg undergoing elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=30 each):group propofol (group P) and group sevoflurane (group S).Each group was further divided into 2 subgroups inhaling 40% O2 (P0.4,S0.4) and 100%O2(P1.0,S1.0) respectively during operation.Anesthesia was induced with propofol 1-2 mg/kg,midazolan 0.02 mg/kg and sufentanil 0.1-0.2 mg/kg.Tracheal intobation was facilitated with rocuronium 0.6-0.8 mg/kg.The patients were mechanically ventilated(VT 8 ml/kg,RR 12 bpm).PET CO2 was maintained at 35-40 mmHg.Anesthesia was maintained with in both groups.BIS was maintained at 40-60.Arterial blood samples were collected immediately before induction of anesthesia (baseline),at 2,4,6h after tracheal intubation(T1-3) and 24h after operation(T4) for determination of PaO2,serum 8-iso-PGF2α and MDA concentrations and SOD activity.PaO2/FiO2 was calculated.Results In subgroup S1.0 the serum 8-iso-PGF2α and MDA concentrations were significantly increased while serum SOD activity was significanfly decreased at T1-3 as compared with the baseline.Serum 8-iso-PGF2α and MDA concentrations were significantly higher while serum SOD activity and PaO2/FiO2 were significantly lower at T1-3 in subgroup S1.0 than in stress response induced by≤6h pure O2 inhalation but inhalation of 1.5%-3.0% sevoflurane can not.

[Summary] During recent years, increasing evidences have indicated that type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) might increase the risk of certain tumors; the process might be not only related with the chronic pathologic status of T2DM such as hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, status of chronic inflammation but also associated with the long-term use of anti-diabetic drugs (i. e. sulfonylureas, biguanides, glitazones, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptitide-1 receptor agonists), as well as the use of insulin and insulin analogues. Herewith a system review was made about the recent progress in studying T2DM and tumor risk.

Objective To identify novel mutations in the GATA6 gene associated with congenital atrial septal defects (ASD).Methods This was a case-control study.A cohort of 220 unrelated Han-race patients with congenital ASD and 200 unrelated ethnically matched healthy individuals used as controls,who were admitted to Tongji University Affiliated Tongji Hospital from January,2007 to October,2011,were recruited.The peripheral venous blood samples from the participants were prepared.All the coding exons and their flanking sequences of the GATA6 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced using the di-deoxynucleotide chain termination technique.The acquired sequences were aligned with the sequences derived from GenBank by BLAST to identify the sequence variations.The software ClustalW was used to analyze the conservation of the altered amino acids.Results Three novel heterozygous missense GATA6 mutations,c.250G ＞A (p.A84T),c.649G ＞C (p.G217R) and c.1270A ＞C (p.S424R),were identified in 3 of 220 ASD patients,respectively.None of the three mutations was detected in 200 healthy control individuals.A cross-species alignment of GATA6 encoded protein sequences showed that the mutated amino acids were relatively conserved evolutionarily.Conclusion The identification of novel GATA6 mutations associated with ASD contributes to the reveal of the mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of ASD.

Chondroitin sulfate is an important component of extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal and human body. In recent years, chondroitin sulfate has been proven to have potential efficacy in biomedical application and has been widely used in bone regeneration and osteogenesis, especially in craniofacial reconstruction and dental medicine. Research shows that chondroitin sulfate derivatives and chondroitin sulfate composite scaffolds have great potential in promoting osteogenesis and biomineralization. However, due to the variety of chondroitin sulfate and various application forms, study on its mechanism of osteogenic repair is still insufficient. In this paper, biological characteristics, bone regeneration and osteogenesis of chondroitin sulfate, its application in different biomaterial design and future prospect are discussed.

Objective:In order to enhance the early dignosis level and strengthen the understanding of pathogeny、pathology by stage and prognosis of primary gallbladder car-cinoma(PGC). Methods : The results of 679 patients of PGC from 1956 to 1998 in first affiliated hospital of Xi'an medical university were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Most of the patients belong to advanced stage when dignosised. The PGC were usually found among the old women patients. The sex ratio(female/male) was 3:1. There is a intimate relatioship between gallstone and PGC. About sixty percents of PGC might be found gallstone.The dignostic accordance rate was low between preoperation and postopera-tion.Most patients with PGC were found unexpectedly in operation due to gallstone or a-cute cholecystitis. To worse more, many of patiens with PGC were missed the opportunities of dignosis and treatment because of only paying attention to gallstone. Most of the pathological types were adenocarcinoma. The development of imaging examination is hoped to find early stage cases and improve its prognosis. Conclusion : It is a basic way for early dignosis and improving prognosis to strengthen the understanding of pathogeny, pathology by stage and prognosis and rationalize application of all kinds of exzamination means in PGC.

14 years) in female. ICA-C4: (4.3?0.6) mm in male, (3.9?0.6) mm in female. A1 segment of anterior cerebral artery (ACA-A1): (2.1?0.4) mm in male, (2.1?0.4) mm in female. Anterior communicating artery (ACoA): (1.4?0.4) mm in male, (1.3?0.4) mm in female. M1 segment of middle cerebral artery (MCA-M1): (2.7?0.4) mm in male, (2.6?0.4) mm in female. Basilar artery (BA): (2.9?0.5) mm in male, (2.8?0.4) mm in female. P1 segment of posterior cerebral artery (PCA-P1): (2.1?0.5) mm on the left and (2.0?0.5) mm on the right in male, (2.0?0.3) mm on the left and (1.9?0.3) mm on the right in female. PCA-P2: (1.8?0.4) mm in male, (1.7?0.3) mm in female. Posterior communicating artery (PCoA): (1.1?0.3) mm in male, (1.2?0.4) mm in female. Among various diameters, only PCA-P1 had significant difference between the left and the right (P=0.003); only MCA-M1 (P=0.048), PCA-P1 (P=0.012), ICA-C2 (P=0.000) and C4 segments (P=0.000) had significant differences in gender, respectively; and only ICA-C2 had significant difference in age (P=0.001). Of these significantly different diameters, the diameters in male were larger than those in female. There were significant correlation between PCA-P1 and PCA-P2 (r=0.652,P=0.000), and between ICA-C2 and ICA-C4 in female group (r=0.550,P=0.000), respectively. Conclusions The normal values of diameter of cerebral arteries on MR angiograms may play a reference role in diagnosing cerebral vascular diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze variation of ISL1 gene and explore its functional characteristics in relation with congenital heart defect (CHD). METHODS: Clinical data and peripheral blood samples of 194 CHD patients and 232 healthy controls were collected for the extraction of genomic DNA. The coding exons and flanking intronic regions of the ISL1 gene were sequenced. Expression plasmid for the wild-type ISL1 gene ISL1-pcDNA3.1 was constructed, and the corresponding variants were obtained by site-specific mutagenesis. The gene expression plasmid was transfected into CHO cells with liposome, and the functional characteristics of ISL1 variant were studied by double luciferase reporter gene analysis. RESULTS: A novel variant of the ISL1 gene c.499C>T (p.Q167X) was detected in a patient with sporadic CHD. Functional study showed that the variant has lost its transcriptional activation function for the MEF2C promoter. CONCLUSION A novel variant of the ISL1 gene related to CHD has been identified. The defect of ISL1 gene may underlay the pathogenesis for a proportion of CHD.

Objective:To investigate and analyze the clinical characteristics of chronic liver injury and glutathione treatment in patients with coal-burning-borne arsenism.Methods:A total of 71 patients with liver injury caused by coal-burning-borne arsenism admitted to Binzhou People's Hospital from March 2017 to December 2018 were randomly divided into observation group (37 cases) and control group (34 cases) by lottery. Both groups of patients were given routine treatment, including intravenous infusion of compound amino acids, oral administration of B vitamins, etc., and intravenous infusion of 5.0 g of vitamin C mixture dissolved in 250 ml of 5% glucose, once a day, treatment for 4 weeks. In addition, the observation group was given an intravenous infusiondrip of 1.8 g of glutathione dissolved in 250 ml of 5% glucose, once a day, for 4 weeks. The clinical characteristics of the patients were observed, and the changes of liver function [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL)], serum antioxidant indexes [malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)], and clinical efficacy before and after the treatment were compared between the two groups.Results:In 71 coal-burning-borne arsenism patients with liver injury, the abnormal rate of electrocardiogram (ECG) examination was 64.79% (46/71), and the abnormal rate of chest X-ray examination was 26.76% (19/71). After treatment, the liver function indexes ALT, AST, TBIL and DBIL decreased in both groups [observation group before treatment: (131.82 ± 25.62), (109.84 ± 26.28) U/L, (81.47 ± 20.93), (57.38 ± 15.25) μmol/L; observation group after treatment: (58.93 ± 12.03), (51.20 ± 10.57) U/L, (25.66 ± 7.94), (16.49 ± 4.92) μmol/L; control group before treatment: (128.95 ± 31.20), (107.39 ± 29.81) U/L, (83.21 ± 17.95), (55.39 ± 16.30) μmol/L; control group after treatment: (76.42 ± 15.73), (74.33 ± 14.80) U/L, (36.72 ± 9.32), (23.74 ± 7.35) μmol/L, P < 0.05], and the liver function indexes in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment ( P < 0.05). The serum antioxidant indexes MDA, SOD and GSH-Px in the two groups were significantly increased after treatment [observation group before treatment: (25.47 ± 3.98) μmol/L, (85.72 ± 23.54), (1 729.84 ± 379.50) U/L; observation group after treatment: (46.31 ± 7.49) μmol/L, (122.31 ± 28.53), (2 410.29 ± 512.31) U/L; control group before treatment: (26.02 ± 4.11) μmol/L, (84.95 ± 21.03), (1 749.52 ± 405.28) U/L; control group after treatment: (38.92 ± 6.27) μmol/L, (103.12 ± 25.68), (2 097.42 ± 478.52) U/L, P < 0.05], and the serum antioxidant indexes in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group after treatment ( P < 0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group [91.89% (34/37) vs 76.47% (26/34), χ 2 = 4.254, P < 0.05]. Conclusions:Coal-burning-borne arsenism patients with chronic liver injury may have multiple system injury at the same time. Glutathione can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and liver function of patients. Its effect may be related to the improvement of antioxidant function, which is worthy of clinical promotion.