Cardiomyopathy is a serious disease for children's health.With the development of medical methods,cardiac stem cell transplantation has brought hopes for treatment of cardiovascular diseases,it has also become a research hotspot in recent years.Several different types of cells have been used in cardiac stem cell transplantation currently,including embryonic stem cells,bone marrow derived stem cells,skeletal myoblasts,umbilical cord blood stem cells,adipose stem cells,etc.The delivery is including intramyocardial injection,intracoronary injection,intravenous injection,and tissue-engineered constructs.The adverse reactions are ventricular arrhythmias,oncogenic transformation,multiorgan seeding,unintended cell differentiation,accelerated atherogenesis and coronary thrombosis.

0.05). The positive expression rate of p21 and p53 in gallbladder carcinoma was 62.5%(25/40) and 65.0%(26/40) respectively. The expression values of p21 and p53 in chronic cholecystitis was 2.5%(1/40) and 5.0%(2/40) respectively, which was significantly different from that of gallbladder carcinoma ( P

End stage liver disease is a serious threat to human health.Existing conventional therapies are far from ideal,and orthotopic liver transplantation is limited by the lack of donor liver.A new therapy,transplantation of hepatic stem cell,is a promising approach.Hepatic oval cells are hepatic stem/progenitor cells(HSC/HPC)during hepatic regeneration,and they are being referred to as hepatic precursor cells.It got its name because of its oval nucleus,high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and other morphological features.Research has shown increasingly importance in the knowledge of hepatic oval cells.There are many signaling pathways in hepatic oval cells activation and proliferation.As a branch of the Wnt signaling pathway,Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has a significant effect on hepatic oval cells activation and proliferation.However,the exact mechanisms of this process have not been completely elucidated.This review describes the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in hepatic oval cell activation and proliferation.

Objective To investigate the expressions of Yes-associated protein-1 (YAP1) in gallbladder mucosal epithelium of normal persons,in patients with simple/calculous cholecystitis,and in patients with gallbladder carcinoma;and to study the mechanism of YAP1 in gallbladder carcinoma development.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression and distribution of YAP1 protein in 50 persons with normal gallbladder,101 patients with simple cholecystitis/calculous cholecystitis and 100 patients with gallbladder carcinoma.RT-PCR and western-blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of YAP1 in normal and malignant gallbladder mucosal epithelium cells.siRNA was used to shut down the expression of YAP1 in SGC996 cells.MTT was used to test cell vitality.Flow cytometry was used to measure cell cycle.Results Immunohistochemistry revealed the expression rates of YAP1 in the gallbladder carcinoma group,the cholecystitis/gallstone group and the control group to be 87.0％ (87/100),56.4％ (57/101) and 5.0％ (1/20),respectively (P ＜ 0.01).The YAP1 protein levels were higher in gallbladder carcinoma tissues and cells when compared to normal tissues and cells.RT-PCR showed the mRNA levels of gallbladder carcinoma cells to be 12.5 ± 1.2 times of normal gallbladder mucosal epithelial cells (P ＜ 0.05).After using siRNA to shut down the YAP1 expression,EMT associated proteins were down-regulated,cell vitality was decreased,and cell cycle was arrested in the S-phase.Conclusions YAP1 is closely related to cell proliferation and metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma.It may promote tumor progression through epithelial-mesenchymal transition.transition;Tumor progress

Objective To investigate the changes of tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) and platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) in gallbladder carcinoma (GA) patients with cell wall-deficient bacleria(L-form) infection .Methods The levels of TNF-? in gallbladder mucosa were detected by radioimmunoassay and the activity of PDGF was detected by bioactivity assay in patients with GA or cholecystitis and normal gallbladder(control group).Results The positive detection rates of L-forms in gallbladder mucosa of gallbladder carcinoma , chronic cholecystitis, and control group were 80.0%(16/20),82.5%(33/40) and 0(0/20), respectively.The TNF-? and PDGF levels in patients with L-form infection-positive gallbladder carcinoma were significantly higher than those in patients without L-form infection and in control group.The levels of TNF-a and PDGF in patients with L-form infection positive chronic cholecystitis were significantly higher than those in patients without L-form infection and in control group.Conclusions L-form may be one of the direct factors leading to the increase in PDGF during gallbladder oncogenesis,and there is positive correlation between PDGF and gallbladder oncogenesis when L-form induces inflammatory reaction and predisposes gallbladder mucosa to develope neoplasms.

Objective To investigate the effect of reinfusion of drained bile and pancreatic juice on the outcome of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).Methods The clinical data of 51 patients who received PD at the Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College from June 2005 to March 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Nineteen patients received external drainage of bile and pancreatic juice ( ED group) and the other 32 patients received external drainage and intraintestinal administration of autologous bile and pancreatic juice (ID group).The daily volume of output of bile and pancreatic juice,intraoperative condition,tolerance of enteral nutrition,liver function and nutritional parameters of the 2 groups were detected.All data were analyzed by using chi-square test,Fisher exact test,independent t test,Mann-Whitney U test and one-way analysis of variance.Results The pulmonary infection rate of ID group was 3％ (1/32) after operation,which was significantly lower than 26％ (5/19) of the ED group (P ＜ 0.05).The output of pancreatic juice in the ID group was significantly lower than that in the ED group since postoperative day 4 ( t =7.143,9.244,8.808,7.915,6.461,14.097,15.038,P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no significant difference in the daily output of bile between the 2 groups.The incidence of diarrhea in the ID group was 9％ (3/32) after nutritional support,which was significantly lower than 37％ (7/19) of ED group (P＜0.05).The duration of achieving targeted enteral feeding in the ID was 3 days,which was significantly shorter than 4 days of the ED group ( U =145.000,P ＜ 0.05 ).The levels of total bilirubin ( TBil),direct bilirubin (DBil) and indirect bilirubin (IBil) were (261 ± 108 ),( 132 + 55 ) and ( 129 + 55 ) μmol/L in the ID group,and (239 ±92),( 12A ±46) and ( 116 ±46) μmol/L in the ED group before operation.The levels of TBil,DBil and IBil were (39 ± 19),(20 ± 10) and ( 19 +9) μmol/L in the ID group,and (55 ±22),(29 ± 12) and (26 ±11 ) μmol/L in the ED group at 12 days after nutritional support.There were significant differences in the decrease of TBil,DBil and IBil between the 2 groups ( t =7.324,8.437,5.827,P ＜ 0.05 ).The levels of serum prealbumin,retinol binding protein and transferrin were (0.261 ± 0.021 ) g/L,(34.3 ± 2.8 ) mg/L,(3.08 + 0.26 ) g/L in the ID group,and (0.263 ±0.021)g/L,(33.8 +3.5)mg/L and (3.10 +0.27)g/L in the ED group before operation.The levels of serum prealbumin,retinol binding protein and transferrin decreased significantly after operation,and then got increased 3 days after nutritional support.The levels of serum albumin,retinol binding protein and transferrin were (0.238 ±0.025)g/L,(30.7 ±2.0)mg/L,(2.78 ±0.19)g/L in the ID group,and (0.222 +0.025)g/L,(29.3 ±2.1)mg/L and (2.63 +0.21)g/L in the ED group at 12 days after nutritional support.The levels of serum albumin,retinol binding protein and transferrin in the ID group were significantly higher than those in the ED group (t=4.615,6.097,4.913,P＜0.05).Conclusion Reinfusion of external drained bile and pancreatic juice after PD could enhance the tolerance of patients in early enteral nutrition,reduce incidence of pneumonia,promote decrease of serum bilirubin and improve the nutritional status.

Objective Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) has a role in the proliferation and metastasis of various types of cells.This study investigates the hepatic oval cell's mechanism of EMT induced by histone deacetylase inhibition and the resulting cell motility increase from EMT.Methods Hepatic oval cell stem cell markers and marker changes were detected by flow cytometry,and after histone deacetylase inhibition induced EMT,the morphological changes were recorded.Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction detected the expression of E-cadherin,vimentin and Snail.Furthermore,confocal microscopy analysis recognized the nuclear translocation of Snail.Results Flow cytometry revealed no changes in the stem cell properties of hepatic oval cells in the cell culture process.Oval cell EMT,induced by HDACi,was observed through morphological changes,a reduction of the epithelial cell marker E cadherin,and an increase of the mesenchymal cell marker Vimentin.HDACi can promote the expression and nuclear translocation of Snail,which is the key hepatic oval cell transcription factor for both EMT and enhanced motility.Therefore,Snail RNA interference can suppress HDACi induced EMT in hepatic oval cells.Conclusions In conclusion,histone deacetylase inhibition induces hepatic oval cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition by Snail.

Acute Disease ; Glucocorticoids ; Graft Rejection ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma ; Liver Transplantation

Myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC) is a kind of myogenic stem cells that are induced by tumor-derived cytokines.MDSCs not only have their own immunosuppressive effects,but also can mediate the immunosuppressive effects of T lymphocytes through different mechanisms.Recent studies have shown that MDSCs involved in tumor immune escape,immune tolerance as well as other pathological processes,and played an important role in promoting the generation and development of tumors.The advances of the generation,immunosuppressive effects of MDSCs and their relation with digestive system tumors were summarized in this paper,which would provide evidences for the clinical use of MDSCs in treating digestive system tumors.