Objectives To establish culture system for unilineage differentiation of umbilical cord blood CD 34 + cells into granulocytes, erythrocytes or platelets. Methods After CD 34 + cells were separated by midiMACS using micro beads conjugated with anti-CD 34 monoclonal antibody, these cells were induced to specifically differentiate along granulocyte, erythrocyte or platelet by adding appropriate hematopoietic growth factors including SCF plus G-CSF, EPO or TPO. Then morphology, immunological phenotype and function analysis were performed to identify these induced cells. Results After induced unilineage differentiation, the percentages of CD 15 +, GPA + and CD 41 + cells were 81 17%, 95 35% and 77 82%, respectively. These induced cells acquired terminal cell's morphologies. The cells from the granulocytic culture had the ability to phagocytose Chinese ink and plate-like particles could aggregate under the action of thrombin. Conclusion The culture system for unilineage differentiation of CD 34 + cells into erythrocytes, granulocytes, or platelets was established, which was a basis for the research about cell treatment, gene regulation and exogenous gene expression in hemopoiesis.

Objective To explore the distribution features of pathogenic spectra and antibiotic resistance of the isolates from blood cultures in hospital from June 2012 to June 2016.Methods A total of 4 238 blood samples from June 2012 to June 2016 were evaluated by BD Bactec FX-200,the identification results were used for retrospective analysis.Results A total of 455 positive pathogens were isolated from 4 238 blood cultures sample,the positive rate was 10.74％,Gram-positive accounts for 38.02％,Gram-negative bacilli accounts for 60.00％,Fungi accounts for 1.98％.Positive pathogens were distributed in newborn baby and middle-older patients,accounting for 6.78％ and 76.17％respectively.Which the Enterobacteriaceae accounting for 54.10％,the major consists were Escherichia coli and Klebsiellapneumoniae;Non-fermentative bacterial which consists of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacterbaumannii accounting for 2.90％.The major pathogens in Gram-positive cocci was Staphylococcus,accounting for 25.87％.Enterobacteriaceae were more sensitive to Meropenem,Imipenem and so all.Non-fermentative bacterial were more sensitive to Piperacillin/Tazobactam.Staphylococcus were more sensitive to Vancomycin and Linezolid.Streptococcus were sensitive to Vancomycin.Conclusion Combined with the distribution features of pathogenic spectra and antibiotic resistance,clinicians should pay attention to use of drugs reasonably to enhance the cure rate of bacteremia and Fungalemia.

Objective To discover the main factors influencing the hospitalization expenses incurred by cases of community acquired pneumonia(CAP). Methods The hospitalization expenses incurred by 362 cases of CAP treated by the Department of Respiratory Medicine of the authors hospital from 1999 to 2000 as well as the composition of the expenses, the expenses for testing pathogens and the use of antibiotics were analyzed retrospectively. And the influencing factors of the hospitalization expenses were studied by means of stepwise regression. Results The average CAP hospitalization expenses were 9 253 yuan, with the expenses for medicine accounting for 51.4%. Among the antibiotics used, ? lactam was most frequently used. Next came quinolone and macrolides. The expenses for testing CAP pathogens were high while the positive rate was low. The major factors influencing CAP hospitalization expenses were respectively length of stay, time of intravenous drip of antibiotics during hospitalization, incidence or no incidence of heavy pneumonia, and the number of basal disease entities(P

Objective:This study evaluated the economical effects of two different regimens for metastatic breast cancer, namely, paclitaxel plus either carboplatin (TP) or epirubicin (TE). Methods:The cost-effectiveness method in pharmacoeconomics was adopted to analyze retrospectively the two different regimens. Results:The median follow up was 23.5 (range:9 to 42) months. The overall response rate for TP and TE were 78.33%and 80.00%, respectively. The 1-and 2-year progression-free survival rates of TP and TE were 43.6%and 38.9%and 10.8%and 17.4%, respectively. The 1-and 2-year overall survival rates were 80.3%and 78.3%, respectively for TP, whereas the corresponding values for TE were 53.2%and 47.9%. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (P>0.05). Cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the average costs of the TP and TE regimens were 10 303.8 and 13 853.3 yuan, respectively, with corresponding cost-effectiveness ratios of 131.54 and 173.17 (P<0.01). For the chemotherapy toxicity, the alopecia reactions of the TP group were significantly lower than those of the TE group (P<0.01). Conclusion:The short-and long-term efficacies of the two regimens were similar. TP regimen was the optimal scheme for advanced metastatic breast cancer.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract 50 (GBE50) preconditioning on contents of inflammation-related cytokines in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Methods: Fifty-eight SD rats were divided into sham-operated group, untreated group, Salviae miltiorrhizae (SM) injection group and low-, medium- and high-dose GBE50 groups. After intragastric administration for 7 d, the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was occluded for 30 min followed by 60-min reperfusion to induce ischemia-reperfuion injury. Myocardium histopathologic change was observed by HE staining under a light microscope; myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in myocardium was measured by colorimetric detection; tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 were detected by radioimmunoassay; IL-4 and IL-10 were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Compared with untreated group, rats in medium-dose GBE50 group had lower inflammatory reaction and MPO activity (P<0.01). GBE50 also decreased the content of IL-6 (P<0.05, P<0.01) and increased the content of IL-4 in myocardium (P<0.05, P<0.01) as compared with the untreated group. The content of TNF-alpha in myocardium in the medium-dose GBE50 group was lower and IL-10 was higher than those in the untreated group, but without significant differences. Conclusion: GBE50 can decrease the content of IL-6 and increase the content of IL-4 in myocardium after ischemia-reperfusion injury. It suggests that GBE50 can regulate the inflammatory reaction after ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibiting inflammatory cytokines and promoting anti-inflammatory cytokines.

AIM:To observe the effect of rosiglitazone (RGZ) pretreatment on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ( PPARγ) , nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 ( Nrf2 ) and heme oxygenase-1 ( HO-1 ) in the microglia cells activated by thrombin.METHODS:Microglia cells were obtained from the brain tissues of the newborn rats and were primarily cultured in vitro.After cultured for 14 d, the microglia cells were used in the experiment.The iso-lated microglia cells were randomly divided into normal control group, thrombin stimulation group ( TH group) , rosiglita-zone intervention group ( RGZ +TH group ) and retinoic acid intervention group ( RA +TH group ) .The expression of PPARγ, Nrf2 and HO-1 was observed by immunocytochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blot.RESULTS:The number of positive staining cells of PPARγ, Nrf2 and HO-1 in TH group, RGZ+TH group and RA+TH group were increased re-markably as compared with control group.The significant increases in PPARγ, Nrf2 and HO-1 were observed in RGZ+TH group compared with other groups.The mRNA expression of PPARγ, Nrf2 and HO-1 in RGZ+TH group was increased significantly as compared with TH group, control group or RA+TH group (P<0.01), Besides, the mRNA expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in RA+TH group was decreased as compared with TH group or RGZ+TH group (P<0.01).The protein levels of PPARγ, Nrf2 and HO-1 in RGZ+TH group were significantly increased as compared with TH group, control group or RA+TH group (P<0.01).The protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in RA+TH group was decreased as com-pared with TH group or RGZ+TH group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Rosiglitazone pretreatment might increase the ex-pression of PPARγ, Nrf2 and HO-1 in the microglia cells activated by thrombin.By inhibiting the expression of Nrf2 after RA pretreatment, the expression of the downstream gene HO-1 is also influenced.The anti-oxidative stress effects of rosigli-tazone might be achieved partly by modulating Nrf2 to control the downstream gene HO-1.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy of urapidil hydrochloride in control of blood pressure at the perioperative stage of hemorrhagic apoplexy.METHODS:All80patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were managed with seda?tive,dehydration,hemostasis,and cerebral nerve nourishment,then when the blood pressure still remained high,or the blood pressure was hard to control after the intubation,urapidi hydrochloride was administered by intravenous infusion at the dose of250mg added with250ml of5%glucose infusion,the infusion drip was set at constant speed,with2mg/min as its starting speed,while at the same time the blood pressure and heart rate were monitored and infusion speed was adjusted every10to15min,after the target blood pressure21.2/13.2kPa was obtained,the infusion speed was kept at0.1～0.4mg/min.The blood pressure and heart rate were observed separately before the administration of urapidil hydrochloride and2,5,10,15,20and30min after the administration as well as after the operation.RESULTS:5min after the administration,blood pres?sure decreased remarkably but not to the extent to cause low blood pressure,and the heart rate increased slightly at the same time,generally not over10beats each minute.CONCLUSION:Urapidil hydrochloride decreases blood pressure steadily and safely at a manageable dosage.It can be used to control blood pressure during hemostasis and clearance of hematoma,which reduces the possibility of rehemorrhagia caused by high blood pressure during and after the operation.

Objective To activate the microglia cells by using thrombin,and then to observe the effect of precondition of rosiglitazone (RGZ)-pretreated on the expression change of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ),nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS).Methods Microglia cells were obtained from the brain tissues of the newborn rats and were primary cultured in vitro.The microglia cells were isolated in 14 days.The isolated microglia cells were randomly devided into normal control group (control group),thrombin stimulation group (stimulation group) and rosiglitazone intervention group (RGZ + TH group).The PPARγ,NQO1 and γ-GCS were observed by immunocytochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods.Results The immunocytochemistry showed that the number of stained cells of PPARγ,NQO1 and γ-GCS in stimulation group and RGZ + TH group were increased remarkably as compared with the control group.A significant increase of the PPARγ,NQO1 and γ-GCS was observed in the RGZ + TH group compared to the others.The RT-PCR method demonstrated that the expressions of PPARγ mRNA(211.88 ± 58.75),NQO1 mRNA(182.67 ± 62.09) and γ-GCS mRNA (188.17 ± 57.06) in RGZ + TH group were increased significantly as compared with the stimulation group (119.19 ± 44.58,101.73±32.19,108.81 ±19.71) or the control group (0.34±0.21,0.73±0.46,0.30±0.13;F=181.50,286.63,614.43,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Medium-dose rosiglitazone-pretreated might increase the expression of PPARγ,NQO1 and γ-GCS in microglia cells activated by thrombin.Rosiglitazone might activate the PPARγso that increase its downstream gene to achieve its anti-oxidative stress effects.

Objective To evaluate the effect of total glucosides of paeony (TGP) on the expression of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in human HaCaT keratinocytes,and to explore the roles of extracelluar signal-regulated protein kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) signaling pathways in the effect.Methods Some cultured human HaCaT keratinocytes were classified into three groups:control group treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (0.031％),TGP groups treated with 6 different concentrations (0.5,2.5,12.5,62.5,125.0 and 312.5 mg/L) of TGP respectively,inhibitor groups treated with TGP of 125 mg/L after 2-hour pretreatment with PD98059 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor) and SP600125 (a JNK1/2 inhibitor) of 10 μmol/L respectively.After additional culture for 48 hours,reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was performed to measure the mRNA expression level of IL-18,and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the level of IL-18 protein in the culture supematant of HaCaT cells.Some HaCaT keratinocytes were classified into two groups to be treated with TGP of 125 mg/L for 15,30 and 60 minutes with or without the pretreatment with PD98059 and SP600125 of 10 μmol/L; then,Western blot was carried out to determine the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 in HaCaT cells.Results The levels of IL-18 mRNA and protein in culture supernatant were significantly increased by TGP of 0.5 and 2.5 mg/L,but decreased by TGP of 62.5 and 125.0 mg/L,and TGP of 125.0 mg/L showed the strongest inhibitory effect.After treatment with TGP of 125.0 mg/L,the level of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in HaCaT cells peaked at 15 minutes (0.448 ± 0.018),decreased to 0.213 ± 0.005 at 30 minutes and 0.217 ± 0.005 at 60 minutes,with significant differences between TGP-treated and untreated cells at 15 minutes (0.448 ± 0.018 vs.0.204 ± 0.005,P＜ 0.05) but not at 30 or 60 minutes (both P ＞ 0.05).The phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 was 0.237 ± 0.010 in HaCaT cells pretreated with PD98059 prior to the treatment with TGP,significantly different from that in HaCaT cells treated with TGP only (P ＜0.01).TGP of 125.0 mg/L had no obvious effect on JNK phosphorylation,and there was no significant difference in the level of phosphorylated JNK1/2 between HaCaT cells untreated and those treated with TGP of 125.0 mg/L for different durations (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions TGP can inhibit the expression of IL-18 mRNA and protein in HaCaT cells,likely through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Objective To evaluate the effects of alcohol extract of juglans mandshurica maxim (AEBJ) on immune function of ionizing irradiated mice.Methods The mice were randomly divided into normal control group,irradiating control group,low AEBJ(300 mg?kg-1)irradiating group,high AEBJ(600 mg? kg-1)irradiating group,low AEBJ plus drugs only group and high AEBJ plus drugs only group.The number of WBC and LYMPH,LYMPH%,viscera index,ability of lymphocytes transformation were examined.Results Compared with normal control group,the number of WBC and LYMPH,LYMPH%,viscera index,ability of lymphocytes transformation in irradiating control group were decreased significantly (P