Objective To compare the three different methods of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),to select the best method for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods Addcare ELISA800,TECAN freedom evolyzer and manual ELISA method were used to detect hepatitis B virus Pre S1 antigen(preS1Ag) hepatitis B virus Pre S2 antigen(preS2Ag) in confrontation control product samples and serum specimens from patients with HBV,and the results were analyzed by statistical methods.Results The batch precisions of the three methods to detect pre-S1Ag were 4.73%,5.38%,11.87%,the batch precisions of the three methods to detect pre-S2Ag were 4.91%,5.04%,11.75%.The inter batch precisions of the three methods to detect pre-S1Ag were 6.63%,7.90%,13.26%,the inter batch precisions of the three methods to detect pre-S2Ag were 6.74%,7.81%,12.59%.All the sensitivities were 100.00%.Conclusion All the three methods have good consistency,which could be used in the detection of Pre-S1Ag and Pre-S2Ag.The precision of Addcare ELISA800 is the best,which could further improve the quality of clinical testing.

Objective To construct an immunosensor for detecting CD4+ T lymphocytes without labeling .Methods The staphy-lococcus protein A(SPA) method was adopted to conduct the oriented immobilization of CD4 monoclonal antibodies on the gold in-terdigitated microelectrode surface for capturing CD4+ T lymphocytes .Then cyclic voltammetry(CV) method was used to conduct the representation of modification situation on the gold interdigitated microelectrode surface .Finally the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) was used to detect the impedance of CD4+ T lymphocytes captured by the immunosensor .The standard curve was drawn by the impedance values change obtained by the equivalent electric circuit fitting .Results The linear range of this im-munosensor for detecting CD4+ T lymphocytes was (5 × 103 -5 .0 × 106 )/mL ,with lower detection limit of 5 .0 × 102/mL .Conclu-sion The constructed immunosensor has accurate and reliable detection results uhidn is simple to operate accurate ,convenient and cheap ,which might be expected to be used in the real-time detection system ,and offers help for realizing rapid ,accurate and inex-pensive CD4+ T lymphocyte count .

Objective To investigate the potential mechanism that melatonin at higher concentrations inhibits the proliferation of human MG-63 osteosarcoma cells,so as to provide a certain experimental basis for the better application of melatonin in the treatment of diseases in Department of Orthopedics. Methods MG-63 cells cultured in vitro were treated with melatonin at a concentration of 4 mmol/L . Western blotting and real-time PCR method were used to analyze the effect of melatonin on the expression of cyclins and CDKs at protein and mRNA levels ,respectively. Results Western blotting and real-time PCR analyses showed that melatonin's inhibitory effect was possibly through the downregulation of cyclin D1 and CDK4 that related to the G1 phase,and downregulation of cyclin B1 and CDK1 that related to the G2/M phase. However,there was no obvious dif-ference of cyclin E,CDK2,and cyclin A,which were related to G1/S transition and S phase. Conclusion Melatonin may significantly inhibit hu-man osteosarcoma cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest in a time-dependent manner,which is related to the downregulation of cyclin D1, CDK4,cyclin B1 and CDK1.

Lung cancer is the most common and fatal tumor in the world with limited diagnostic and treatment methods. The development of precision medicine has brought new opportunities for the improvement of diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. However, various kinds of information required by precision medicine (such as biometrics, clinical test indicators and non-biological environmental background information) are difficult for clinicians to integrate and utilize effectively. With the development of computer technology, artificial neural networks (ANNs), which has the characteristic of high fault tolerance, intelligence and self-learning ability. Its powerful information integration ability can solve many problems in the development and application of precision medicine, which can play a key role in basic research and clinical practice associated with lung cancer. This article reviewed the application of artificial neural network in the field of lung cancer.
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Biomedical Research ; methods ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Neural Networks (Computer)

Background Arsenic is a toxicant that can affect the expressions of the cellular anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2 and its protein, but the effects of arsenic on BCL-2α and BCL-2\begin{document}$\beta $\end{document} transcripts have not been reported. Objective To investigate the potential effects of arsenic and its metabolites, methylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsonic acid (DMA), on BCL-2α, BCL-2\begin{document}$\beta $\end{document}, and BCL-2T (total of α and \begin{document}$\beta $\end{document} transcripts) in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) and human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549). Methods 16HBE cells and A549 cells were randomly divided into three categories of exposure after in vitro culture: single-selected arsenic compound exposure groups with isoconcentration (16HBE cells were treated with 4.5 μmol·L⁻¹ of MMA, DMA, and sodium arsenite, respectively, while A549 cells were treated with 60 μmol·L⁻¹ of MMA, DMA, and sodium arsenite, respectively), sodium arsenite exposure groups with different concentrations (16HBE cells were treated with 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 μmol·L⁻¹ of sodium arsenite respectively, while A549 cells were treated with 20, 40, and 60 μmol·L⁻¹ of sodium arsenite respectively), and combined exposure groups (i.e. MMA+sodium arsenite, and DMA+sodium arsenite; the exposure concentrations of 16HBE cells were both 1.5 μmol·L⁻¹ and both 4.5 μmol·L⁻¹ respectively, and those of A549 cells were both 20 μmol·L⁻¹ and both 60 μmol·L⁻¹ respectively). Meanwhile, a blank control group was also set up in each exposure category. After 48 h of continuous exposure, the relative expressions of BCL-2α, BCL-2\begin{document}$\beta $\end{document}, and BCL-2T in both cells were detected by real-time PCR. Results Regarding the single-selected arsenic compound exposure, in 16HBE cells, the expression levels of BCL-2α and BCL-2T under 4.5 μmol·L⁻¹ MMA treatment were lower than those in their control groups (q=3.27, 2.93, both P<0.05), and the expression levels of BCL-2α, BCL-2\begin{document}$\beta $\end{document}, and BCL-2T under 4.5 μmol·L⁻¹ sodium arsenite were lower than those in their respective control groups (q=11.06, 3.65, 10.70, all P<0.05). In A549 cells, the expression level of BCL-2T treated with 60 μmol·L⁻¹ DMA was lower than that in the control group (q=3.12, P<0.05), and the expression levels of BCL-2α, BCL-2\begin{document}$\beta $\end{document}, and BCL-2T treated with 60 μmol·L⁻¹ sodium arsenite were lower than those in their respective control groups (q=7.59, 7.27, 8.06, all P<0.05). Regarding the sodium arsenite exposure: 16HBE cells treated with 1.5 μmol·L⁻¹ sodium arsenite had a lower expression level of BCL-2α and a higher expression level of BCL-2\begin{document}$\beta $\end{document} than those in their respective control groups (q=6.06, 11.92, both P<0.05); the expression level of BCL-2α under 3.0 μmol·L⁻¹ sodium arsenite was lower than that in the control group (q=12.72, P<0.05); and under 4.5 μmol·L⁻¹ sodium arsenite treatment, the expression levels of BCL-2α, BCL-2\begin{document}$\beta $\end{document}, and BCL-2T were lower than those in their respective control groups (q=15.72, 6.79, 6.62, all P<0.05). The expression levels of BCL-2α gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of sodium arsenite (F_{α trend}=144.80, P<0.001), while BCL-2\begin{document}$\beta $\end{document} and BCL-2T decreased in a dose-dependent manner in the range of 1.5-4.5 μmol·L⁻¹ (F\begin{document}${}_{\beta } $\end{document} _trend=135.40, F_{T trend}=38.24, both P<0.001). In A549 cells, the expression levels of BCL-2α, BCL-2\begin{document}$\beta $\end{document}, and BCL-2T under each concentration of sodium arsenite treatments were lower than those in their respective control groups (all P<0.05); the results of further trend tests showed that their expression levels gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of sodium arsenite (F_{α trend} =31.97, F\begin{document}${}_{\beta} $\end{document} _trend=549.50, F_{T trend}=252.40, all P<0.001). Regarding the combined exposure, under MMA+sodium arsenite treatment at both 60 μmol·L⁻¹, the expression levels of BCL-2α, BCL-2\begin{document}$\beta $\end{document}, and BCL-2T in A549 cells were higher than those in their respective control groups (q=6.37, 14.91, 5.33, all P<0.05); under DMA+sodium arsenite treatment at both 60 μmol·L⁻¹, their expression levels in A549 cells were also higher than those in their respective control group (q=8.60, 17.29, 6.91, all P<0.05). Conclusion Exposure to a high concentration (16HBE: 4.5 μmol·L⁻¹, A549: 60 μmol·L⁻¹) of a single arsenic metabolite has no effect on BCL-2 transcripts in 16HBE cells and A549 cells. Exposure to a low concentration (1.5 μmol·L⁻¹) of sodium arsenite alone would decrease the expression level of BCL-2α and increase the expression level of BCL-2\begin{document}$\beta $\end{document} in 16HBE cells, and exposure to all designed concentrations of sodium arsenite alone would decrease the expressions of all transcripts in A549 cells. The combined exposure to high concentrations (both 60 μmol·L⁻¹) of MMA plus sodium arsenite or high concentrations (both 60 μmol·L⁻¹) of DMA plus sodium arsenite would increase the expressions of BCL-2α, BCL-2\begin{document}$\beta $\end{document}, and BCL-2T in A549 cells, which are different from the effects presented by single exposure.

【Objective】 To explore the causes of hypothermia in patients undergoing transurethral thulium laser prostatectomy. 【Methods】 A total of 170 patients who underwent transurethral thulium laser prostatectomy in our hospital during Sep.2020 and May 2021 were prospectively enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into normal body temperature group (n=143) and hypothermia group (n=27), based on whether perioperative hypothermia happened. The clinical data were analyzed to evaluate the risk factors of hypothermia. 【Results】 Univariate analysis showed that there were statistical differences in anesthesia time, operation time, prostate size and total amount of perfusion fluid between the two groups (P<0.05). Logistic analysis showed that the size of prostate was the independent risk factor of perioperative hypothermia (P<0.05). Patients were further divided according to prostate size. For patients with prostate < 80 g, the size of prostate was the independent risk factor of perioperative hypothermia (P<0.05), while for patients with prostate ≥ 80 g, the amount of perfusion fluid was the independent risk factor (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Perioperative hypothermia in patients undergoing transurethral thulium laser prostatectomy is related to the anesthesia time, operation time, prostate size and total amount of perfusion fluid. It is necessary to evaluate the risk factors before operation and take effective thermal insulation measures.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of internal fixation of lateral and medial borders for displaced scapular body fractures via the minimally invasive approach. METHODS: The internal fixation of lateral and medial borders via minimally invasive approach was applied in surgical treatment of 23 patients with scapular body comminuted fractures from January 2014 to June 2018. The lateral approach was made straightly orienting over the lateral border of scapula. The dissection was taken down to the deltoid fascia. The deltoid was retracted cephalically, revealing the external rotators. Blunt dissection was used down to the lateral border between infraspinatus and teres minor, exposing the fracture site. The medial incision was done along the medial border of the scapula over site of the fracture. Dissections were taken down to the fascia and the periosteum. A subperiosteal dissection was then performed to elevate the infraspinatus to the degree necessary to visualize the fracture. The medial and lateral borders of scapula body were fixed with plates and screws in a frame-like way. RESULTS One patient developed the delayed healing of the incisions due to liquefactive fat necrosis. The other 22 patients showed no complications of the incisions. The glenopolar angle (GPA) of fractured scapula was increased from preoperative (25±12) degrees to postoperative (41±5) degrees (P<0.01). The healing time of fractures healed was 3-8 months, with an average time of (4.4±1.3) months. CONCLUSIONS The lateral-medial combined fixation through minimally invasive surgical approach for the scapula body fractures allows visualization of fracture reduction without extensive muscular or subcutaneous flaps, and is associated with successful fracture healing and high functional scores of the shoulder.

【Objective】 To establish a practical and feasible blood management (PBM) model for clinical liver transplant patients, so as to optimize the perioperative blood usage and improve patient prognosis and survival rate. 【Methods】 Led by the Medical Department, a questionnaire survey Establishment and Implementation of a Blood Management Model for Organ Transplant Patients on the importance of establishing a PBM model for liver transplant patients in clinical practice was conducted among 71 staff from relevant departments such as the Anesthesiology Department, Hepatobiliary Department, Blood Transfusion Department, and ICU Medical Department. After statistical analysis, the important items of PBM for liver transplant patients were determined, and a (trial) plan was organized by the Medical Department and training was conducted by Blood Transfusion Department for medical staff training from departments as Anesthesiology, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatology, and ICU; PBM measures for liver transplant patients before, during and after surgery were determined by the Anesthesiology Department, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Department, and ICU; PBM was fully implemented in the experimental group with liver transplant patients in our hospital in 2021 as subjects; 30 cases of liver transplantation performed in our hospital in 2020 were selected as the control group, and the general data, preoperative laboratory examination results, and preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative blood transfusion of the two groups of patients were compared. 【Results】 Compared with the control group, the experimental group did not receive any blood component transfusion before surgery. Intraoperative blood transfusion volume of allogeneic components: red blood cells(U) were 12.75(8.75, 18.63) vs 15.25(8.38, 26.13)(P>0.05), apheresis platelet (treatment volume) was 0(0, 2) vs 1(0, 4.25)(P>0.05), plasma(U) was 2 300(1 550, 3 763) vs 3 650(2 075, 5 400)(P<0.05); cryoprecipitate(U) was 0(0, 10) vs 10(0, 30)(P<0.05); Postoperative blood transfusion volume of allogeneic components were as follows: red blood cells(U) 8.00(3.38, 12.88) vs 11.25(4.75, 19.63)(P>0.05), platelets were not transfused, plasma(U) was 0(0, 0) vs 0(0, 600)(P>0.05), and cryoprecipitates were not transfused. 【Conclusion】 The establishment of PBM model for liver transplant patients and the application of its management measures before, during and after transplantation significantly reduced the intraoperative blood transfusion volume and improved the prognosis of patients after transplantation.