Thyroid nodules are common clinical disease, and most of the nodules are benign. After radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment, the volume of benign thyroid nodules will significantly shrink or the nodules will even disappear, thus, the related clinical symptoms induced by the thyroid nodules will be improved. For recent years, radiofrequency ablation has become the treatment of first choice for benign thyroid nodules. This paper aims to make a comprehensive review about the research situation concerning the radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of the benign thyroid nodules so as to provide scientific guidance and basis for the relevant clinical research and treatment.

BACKGROUND:The transplanted bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) survive,migrate to the injury site and differentiate into neurons and astrocytes.Transplantation of BMSCs following spinal cord injury (SCI) may improve the recovery of spinal function and may be an effect way for treating spinal cord injury.The treatment of spinal cord injury by autologous BMSCs mobilization and surgical transplantation has a wide prospect of clinic application.However,it is still unclear whether outcomes and mechanisms of them are different.OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy of treating SCI in rats by mobilization and surgical transplantation of autologous BMSCs,and assess the two methods by qualitative indexes.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized controlled animal experiment was conducted at the Henan Province People's Hospital from June 2007 to April 2008.MATERIALS:A total of 90 healthy Sprague Dawley rats aged 10 wees old,half male and half female,weighing (240±10) g,were subjected to make spinal cord injury models.MATHODS:After 3 days injection with bromodeoxyuridine 50 mg/kg per day,BMSCs were isolated from bone marrow of healthy rats.All the rats were underwent spinal cord injury by NYU impactor.All 90 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,with 30 for each group.Rats in the mobilization group were subcutaneously injected with grenulocyte-colony stimulating factor for 7 days,20 mg/kg per day.In surgical transplantation group,a total of 0.3 mL (1×10~(10)/L) BMSCs were transplanted into injured area of spinal cord.Rats in control group were given the same volume of saline (0.3 mL) into injured area of spinal cord.All the rats were injected with 50 mg/kg bromodeoxyuridine daily at day 3 before surgery for 10 days in each group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The Basso-Beattie-Brasnahan (BBB) locomotor score was used to evaluate functional recovery in rat hindlima at 3 days,1,2,4 and 8 weeks after SCI.Motion evoked potential (MEP) and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) tests were performed to defect the neural pathway so as to evaluate recovery of injured spinal cord.The cell structural changes and the expression and distribution of Brdu,glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP),and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were observed by pathological and immunohistochemical methods.and 8 weeks after injury (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference between the mobilization group and surgical was increased in the mobilization group and surgical transplantation group compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01),but Histopathology showed that there were less empty,necrosis and GFAP-positive glial scar tissue,more Brdu-positive cells and NSE-positive cells in the mobilization group and surgical transplantation group than in the control group.CONCLUSION:Autologous BMSCs mobilization transplantation and surgery transplantation could significantly reduce the degree of SCI,and promote the recovery of the spinal cord function after injury for treating SCI.Compared between the two,mobilization of autologous BMSCs are more convenient,non-invasive,more likely to seize the opportunity to treatment.

Objective To discuss the effects of Radix Hedysari flavonoids on microvessel density (MVD) of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis model rats, and provide evidence for its development. Methods SPF Wistar rats were divided into blank group, model group, prednisone group, and Radix Hedysari flavonoids high-, medium- and low-dosage group. Pulmonary interstitial fibrosis model was established by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. From the second day after model established, each drug treatment group was administered with corresponding drugs intragastrically at different points in time for 14 and 28 days. MVD was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Neomicrovessel was increased significantly in pulmonary tissue of model rats of 14 days treatment, but slightly decreased in 28 days. MVD in 14, 28 days model group was significantly more than blank group (P<0.01). MVD in 14, 28 days Radix Hedysari flavonoids high dosage group was significantly less than model group (P<0.01). MVD in Radix Hedysari flavonoids medium-dosage group was between high-and low-dosage group, and MVD in medium-dosage group was similar with that in model group. Conclusion Radix Hedysari flavonoids could inhibit the formation of neomicrovessel in a dose dependent manner.