Objective To observe the effect of resveratrol on cognitive impairment in rats after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion,and to explore the underlying antioxidant mechanism of resveratrol.Methods The chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model was induced by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (2VO) in rats.Healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham-operated group,2VO group and 2VO+resveratrol group.Spatial learning and memory were assessed using the Morris water maze at 4 weeks after the occlusion.The levels of 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the cortex and hippocampal CA1 areas were detected using immunohistochemistry staining,for reflecting the lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage.Results The escape latencies from the third day to the fifth day were longer in 2VO group than in sham-operated group[(42.1+5.4)s vs.(25.1±3.3)s,(36.4±4.4)s vs.(12.4±3.3) s,(30.4±4.0)s vs.(8.1±3.4)s,q=10.91、14.54 and 14.07,all P ＜0.01],while the time spent in the object square was shorter in 2VO group than in sham-operated group[(12.9+2.5)s vs.(18.9+2.2)s,q=6.47,P＜0.01].Compared with 2VO group,the escape latencies in 2VO+resveratrol group from the third day to the fifth day were shorter[(29.5+4.0)s,(25.6±4.3)s and (19.8±4.2)s,q=7.71,6.22 and 6.37,all P＜0.01],while the time spent in the object square was longer[(16.5±1.8)s,q=3.83,P＜0.05].Compared with the shamoperated group,the mean integral optical density (IOD) of 4-HNE and 8-OHdG in the cortex and hippocampus CA1 area were increased in 2VO group (265.1 + 9.0 vs.168.2 + 6.0,37.8 + 5.0 vs.24.0+4.0,q=31.89 and 7.48,both P＜0.01).And in the 2VO+resveratrol group,the mean IOD of 4-HNE and 8-OHdG in the cortex and 8-OHdG in hippocampus CA1 area were lower than in 2VO group (195.1±7.0,26.0±4.3,q=23.03 and 6.49,both P＜0.01).Conclusions Resveratrol can improve the cognitive impairment in rats after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion,which may be related to preventing oxidative damage.

Objective To evaluate the consistency of estradiol kits between E2-Ⅲ and the upgraded Enhanced Estradiol(eE2)kit with chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer Siemens ADVIA Centaur.Methods Used duplicate samples and removed outliers to test the two reagents′stability;document EP9-A2 were used as reference to do the methodological comparison and bias estimation. Results There was good correlation between the two reagents with different concentrations,the correlation coefficients were grea-ter than 0.975;the percentage of bias was varied among different groups.Conclusion It is effective to reduce the interference of up-dated estradiol kits on the assisted reproduction treatment cycles by assessing the bias through comparison tests of the two kits in advance.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the pharnacoeconomic effect of venlafaxine and escitalopram in the treat-ment of depressive disorders. METHODS:Usingvenlafaxineescitalopramdepressiondepressive episodeantidepressantas key words,retrieved from CNKI,VIP and Wanfang database during base creation date to Dec. 2015,related literatures about venlafaxine and escitalopram in the treatment of depressive disorders were selected. The cure rate of two therapy plans for depres-sive disorders and HAMD score were analyzed statistically by cost-effectiveness analysis of pharnacoeconomics. RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in cure rate and HAMD score between 2 groups(P>0.05),so minimum-cost analysis was adopted. The costs of venlafaxine and escitalopram in the treatment of depressive disorders were 772.03 yuan and 935.77 yuan. CONCLU-SIONS:Therapeutic efficacy of venlafaxine is similar to that of escitalopram in the treatment of depressive disorders,but the for-mer scheme is more economical.

Objectives This study aimed to understand the attitude of medical students at the undergraduate level towards the learning of first-aid skills and knowledge as well as pre-hospital first-aid services.Furthermore,this study helped to design a more effective strategy of first-aid education in medical schools.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1219 undergraduates in medical university,using stratified and cluster proportion sampling method.Results When an accident was met,81.26％ of the undergraduates would voluntarily offer pre-hospital first-aid assistance;77.76％ students had studied first aid knowledge through various channels.However,most students did not have a systematic comprehension of first-aid knowledge and skills.Conclusion Undergraduates in medical university have a positive attitude to offering pre-hospital first-aid assistance;however,the majority of students lack the ability to provide correct and effective assistance.Therefore,medicinal university needs to provide the students with more effective first-aid education.

Objective To study the changes of the symptoms and quality of life (QOL) in patients after the Transvaginal tape-obturator (TVT-O) treatment and weather would this treatment lead to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and bladder function change. Methods A total of 82 stress urinary incontinence (SUI) women who had underwent TVT-O were included, age from 39-82 years, 3-60 months after operation. All patients were divided into 5 groups by the time post-operation. The ICI-Q-SF scores were collected to study the change of the symptoms and QOL of each group perioperation. Qmax, PVR, bladder weight, wall thickness of each group were collected to study whether would TVT-O lead to BOO and bladder function change. Results Forty-five (55%) patients were cured and 33(40 %) improved after TVT-O. Total cure rate was 95 %. There was a significant improvement of average symptom and QOL in all of the 5 groups (3-month, 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, above-2-year) (P＜0. 05). Qmax changed from (32. 17±10.74), (25.64±6.05), (25.68±11.36), (25.70±10. 28), (25.29±15. 10)ml/s pre-operation to (28.30±15.21), (25.64±10. 48), (24. 49±7.96),(25.43±11.92), (25. 92± 10. 17)ml/s post-operation in 5 groups(P＞0. 05). PVR changed from (0.04±0.20), (0. 00±0.00), (0. 17±0. 39), (2.70±6.01), (1. 96±5.10)ml pre-operation to (1. 79±6.16), (0.00±0.00), (12. 50±29.89), (5.00±15. 54), (33. 70±92.10)ml post-operation in 5 groups(P＞0.05). The bladder weight changed from (43. 62±7.81), (41. 57±8. 63), (46.11±8.12), (42. 50±3. 85), (44. 52±4. 38)g pre-operation to (45. 62±5.32), (47.21±5. 47),(44.89±4. 65), (45. 14±4. 13), (46. 70±5.84)g post-operation, which differed significantly in 6-month, 2-year, above-2-year groups (P＜0. 05). The bladder wall thickness changed from (2.23±0.51), (2.22±0.47), (2.04±0.38), (2. 19±0. 43), (2. 19±0. 38)mm pre-operation to (2.25±0. 40), (2. 18±0.47), (2. 07±0.47), (2.22±0. 47), (2. 20±0. 44)mm post-operation(P＞0. 05).Conclusions TVT-O has a high cure rate for SUI and there was a significant improvement of average symptom and QOL of all patients after the treatment. But TVT-O may lead to BOO and bladder function change since bladder weight increases significantly in some patients.

Objective To study the influence of overactive bladder (OAB) on the symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in patients after Transvaginal Tape-Obturator (TVT-O) treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Methods Eighty-two SUI women underwent TVT-O were included in this study.The perioperative ICI-Q-SF scores,including frequency of leakage,volume of leakage,and QOL scores,were collected to study the perioperative OAB prevalence and the influence of OAB on the improvement on the symptoms and QOL after TVT-O.Results The total efficacy of TVT-O was 95%.The average symptom and QOL scores in all patients decrease from (8.17±2.29)and (7.95±2.16)to (1.84±2.34)and(1.32±2.24)after TVT-O,P＜0.05.The prevalence of OAB decreased from 46% to 24% after TVT-O,P＜0.05.The average post-operation symptom and QOL scores of the pre-operation non-OAB group were (1.09±1.60)and(0.82±1.45),while those of the OAB group were (2.71±2.75) and (1.89±2.82),P＜0.05.The average post-operation symptom and QOL scores of the post-operation non-OAB group were (1.06±1.68) and (0.56±1.15),while those of the OAB group were (4.25±2.49) and (3.65±3.10),P＜0.05.Conclusions TVT-O is effective for female stress urinary incontinence and contributes to the significant improvement of symptoms and QOL in patients with OAB.The treatment will not raise the prevalence of OAB in itself.

Objective:To determine the value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) scans in identify-ing the residual retroperitoneal tumor after chemotherapy of testis germ cell tumors. Methods:Sixteen testis germ cell tumor patients with metastasis of retroperitoneal lymph nodes who were treated in our hospital from February 2014 to December 2016 were select-ed for the study from February 2014 to December 2016. After 4-6 cycles of chemotherapy, their CT scans showed residual masses with diameters greater than 2 cm. The retroperitoneal lymph nodes were dissected after the 18F-FDG PET exam. The post-surgery pathology results were compared with the results of the 18F-FDG PET exam. Results:Residual tumors were found in 5 of 10 patients with 18F-FDG PET positive. Residual tumor was absent in 4 of 6 patients with 18F-FDG PET negative, while residual mature teratoma tumors were found in two patients. The accuracy rate, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the 18F-FDG PET exam were 56.25%(9/16), 71.42%(5/7), 44.44%(4/9), 50.00%(5/10), and 66.67%(4/6), respectively. Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET is highly sensitive. However, many factors influence the result of 18F-FDG PET. Mature teratoma leads to a false negative re-sult, whereas massive tissue inflammation leads to a false positive result. Therefore, more clinical examinations should be made.

Objective:To investigate the effect of the extract of Schisandra chinensis on the matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) system in kidney tissue of the diabetic rats,and to explore its protective effect on the kidney tissue from the matrix degradation perspective.Methods:STZ was used to establish rat models of diabetes mellitus.A total of 45 diabetic rats were randomly divided into model group,extract of Schisandra chinensis group and Benazepril group,and there were 15 rats in each group.Another 15 rats were selected and used as normal control group.12 weeks after administration,the routine blood and urine biochemical indexes,the histological changes,blood glucose (BG),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(Scr),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterin(LDL-C),total cholesterol(T-CHO),and triglyceride(TG) levels,excretion rates of albuminuria and proteinuria of the rats in various groups were detected;the expression amounts of fibronectin (FN),type Ⅳ collagen (Col Ⅳ),and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in kidney tissue of the rats were detected by immunohistochemical method;the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was detected by zymography.Results:Compared with model group,the glomeruli matrix accumulation of the rats in extract of Schisandra chinensis group was significantly improved,the excretion rate of albuminuria,LDL-C level and serum MDA level were decreased(P<0.05),the activities of CAT(P<0.01)and SOD(P<0.05)in kidney tissue were increased,and the level of MDA in kidney tissue was decreased(P<0.05).The immunohistochemistry results showed that compared with model group,the expression amounts of FN,Col Ⅳ,and TIMP-2 in kidney tissue of the rats in extract of Schisandra chinensis group were significantly decreased.The zymography results showed that compared with model group,the activity of MMP-2 in kidney tissue of the rats in extract of Schisandra chinensis group was significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:Extract of Schisandra chinensis has protective effect on the kidney tissue of the diabetic rats induced by STZ,and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and the improvement of MMP-2 activity as well as the inhibition of TIMP-2 expression which could improve the matrix degradation.

Objective To investigate fluorescence intensity of lipid ultrasound microbubbles constructed in vitro and targeted to leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) with a monoclonal antibody.MethodsThe LIFR-targeted ultrasound mierobubbles (MB-BSB-LIFR-AB) were constructed using a technology of biotin-avidin bridge.FITC labeled Avidin was incubated with lipid ultrasound microbubbles (MB) and biotinylated lipid microbubbles (MB-B).Two dilutions (1:4 and 1:16) of DTAF second antibody were incubated with four types of ultrasound microbubbles,including MB,MB-B,biotinavidin-MB (MB-BS),MB-BSB-LIFR-AB.The fluorescence intensity of microhubbles were graded as 0,1,2to 3.ResultsAfter incubating with FITC-avidin,MB-B displayed bright green fluorescence ( grade 3),but MB had no fluorescence ( grade 0).After incubating with two dilutions of DTAF second antibody (1:4 and 1:16),MB-BSB-LIFR-AB displayed brightest green fluorescence (grade 3) in both concentration,while MB-BS and MB-B only displayed dim green fluorescence (grade 1 ) at the dilution of 1:4,with MB displaying no fluorescence at either dilution (grade 0).Conclusions LIFR monoclonal antibody can be effectively conjugated to MB-B with biotin-avidin bridge.Fluorescence detection is a simple method for investigating the conjugation reliability of targeted lipid ultrasound microbubbles.

Objective To explore the relationship between the clinical features,serological markers and European League Against Rheumatism SS Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) scores of primary Sj(o)gren's syndrome (SS).Methods We enrolled 106 patients,who fulfilled the 2002 classification criteria for primary SS from December 2008 to January 2015,to evaluate the relationship among the clinical characteristics,laboratory features,serological variables and ESSDAI scores.According to serological variables,the prognosis was subdivided into three distinct groups:favourable (no serological markers),intermediate (one serological marker) and poor (two or more serological markers).These data were analyzed by Chi-square test and variance analysis.Results The mean ESSDAI score of 106 pSS patients was (11±7).ESSDAI score was categorized according to the EULAR-SS recommendations as low activity,moderate activity and high activity (scores of 0-4,5-13 and ≥14,respectively),and the positive rate of antinuclear antibody (ANA) 1:100 (6 cases,37.5％;37 cases,66.1％;32 cases,94.1％) in three different ESSDAI levels was statistically different (x2＝18.110,P＜0.01).Those with positive ANA 1:100[positive (13±7) and negative (7±4)],anti-SSA antibody postive (12±7) and negative (9±7),anti-RNP antibody (positive 16±9 and negative 10±6) had higher ESSDAI scores than those with negative ones (F=8.812,P=0.0001;F=3.862,P=0.024;F=5.786,P=0.004).No statistical difference in ESSDAI means were found between patients with positive anti-SSB antibody,rheumatoid factor (RF),FS level,dry mouth,Raynoud's phenomenon and psychosomatic diseases.The ESSDAI scores of favourable group,intermediate group and poor group were significantly different (8±5,10±7,14±7,F=8.715,P=0.000 1).In comparison with the other two groups,the poor pSS patients had a higher frequency of positive ANA 1:100 (15 cases,55.6％;20 cases,57.1％;40 cases,90.9％),anti-SSA antibody(11 cases,0.7％;23 cases,41.1％;36 cases,81.8％),anti-SSB antibody (6 cases,2 2.2％;13 cases,37.1％;23 cases,52.3％),anti-RNP antibody (0 case,0;2 cases,5.7％;9 cases,20.5％) (x2=17.408,P=0.002;x2=14.306,P=0.006;x2=12.330,P=0.015;x2=1 1.482,P=0.022).Conclusion Patients with two or more serological markers may have higher ESSDAI score,and which in turn may associate with poor prognosis.