The effects of Kupffer's cells on the traping or killing of the plasmodial sporozoites and on the transporting of them through the hepatic sinus walls into the Disse's space were summarized.The phagocytosis of Kupffer's cells plays an important role to trap the sporozoites and the ability to trap sporozoites is higher in the liver than in the lungs and the spleen.In general,the stronger the phagocytosis of the Kupffer's cells,the more advantageous to the invasion of sporozoites;the higher the biocidal activity of Kupffer's cells,the more advantageous for the host to prevent the sporozoites from invading.When the biocidal activity of the Kupffer's cells is enhanced by certain drug agents,more sporozoites can be phagocytized and killed and less amounts of sporozoites will invade the host's red cells.

The percentage of sporozoites developed in exoerythrocytic forms in the rats treated intravenously with cyclophosphamide 24 hrs before inoculation of sporozoites was higher than that in untreated controls, so was the mean size of exoerythrocytic form. Cyclophosp-hamide could decrease the sensitivity of hepatocytes to the vector's tissues inoculated together with sporozoites, thus decreasing the incidence of cloudy swelling of hepatocytes induced by the vector's tissues and inhibiting the white blood cells infiltration induced by the ruptured mature exoerythrocytic form.The fact that cyclophosphamide might enhance the invasion of sporozoites into the hepatocytes indicates that the phagocytic activity of Kupffer's cells to destroy the sporozoites might be inhibited by cyclophosphamide.

Objective To analyze and discuss the utility of parenteral nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods In the light of the diagnostic criteria of IBD by the National Conference in 1993 as to the chronic noninfectious bowel disease,the inpatients of IBD in our department from Jan.1986 to Dec.1996 were analyzed,and the medical treatment of IBD and the role of parenteral nutrition evaluated.Results It was demonstrated that the annual average number of hospitalized patients had increased in the past 11 years,and the parenteral nutrition resulted in a better outcome,in addition to SASP or 5-ASA.Conclusion It was believed that following the principal treatment of IBD, nutritional support is also essential.

Wistar rats pretreated with BCG, dexamethasone or carbon particles respectively were inoculated with P. yoelii sporozoites via caudal vein. 42 hours after inoculation, the animals were killed to examine the effects of these 3 agents on the invasion of sporozoites and the development of exoerythrocytic forms (EEF) .It was found that in the carbon group about 30% of the kupffer cells contained the particles, and the density of EEF apparently decreased as compared with that of the control. In the BCG group, a dosage of 6 ? 107 units also caused a marked decrease of EEF density, an,d the parasites were smaller with a higher rate of degenerated forms as compared with those of the control, In the dexamethasone group, however, the EEF density increased markedly up to the level 1.5-2 times higher than that of the control. In addition the EEF were larger and more numerous with vacuoles and some lobulated. The mechanism of these facts were discussed.

The effects of nitroquine on the sporogonic development of Plasmo-dium yoelii were observed under electron microscopy. The female mosquitoes were fed directly with 10% sucrose solution containing 0.1%Nitroquine.It was found that the oocysts were smaller and markedly degenerated as compared with that of the control. The surface of the oocysts was rough and uneven. Under a transmission electron microscope, the cytoplasm of the affected oocysts contained vacuoles; the membane of mitochondria and uncleus was damaged; and the number of residual bodies increased.No sporoblast formation was seen in most of the affectes oocysts. The nuclear membrane of the degenerated sporozoites was thickened and the density of nuclear matrix decreased markedly as compared with that of the control. These results indicate that the nucleus and the membrane are mainly affected during the sporogonic development of P. yoelii by nitroquine.

Anopheles Stephensi,infected with Plasmodium yoelii.was fed on 10% sucrose solution containing 1%.difluoromethylornothine(DFMO)to induce the degeneration of its oocysts.On the 11th day after infection,the effects of hemocytes on the normal and degenerated oocysts were observed wtih transmission electron microscopy.In the control group.no hemacytes could be found around the normally-developed oocysts except those degenerated ones.In the DFMO group,all the oocysts underwent degeneration in various degrees and some of them were melanized.All the oocysts were attached by one or more hemocytes which belonged to the category of granulo-cytes morphologically.There were many granules with microtubular construction in the cytoplasm of the hemocytes and in the spaces between a hemocyte and an oocyst.The findings indicate that the degeneration of oocysts can exert a taxic effect on hemocytes and the latter may release the granules and possibly other substances to result in the encapsulation and melanization of the oocysts.

Objectives Discussing the significance of ultrasound exploration for inferior epigastric arteries in the differential diagnoses between direct and indirect inguinal hernias.Methods Exploring both flanks inferior epigastric arteries for 105 cases of inguinal hernias with color Doppler ultrasound instrument and making sure of diagnoses for the patients based upon the relations of inferior epigastric arteries with hernia vesicle necks and hernia vesicles.Results (1) Inferior epigastric arteries from 102 patients can be revealed distinctly, but those from 3 cases can't; (2) 16 patients were diagnosed as direct inguinal hernias and 86 patients as indirect inguinal hernias according to ultrasound explorations, which accorded with outcomes offered by surgical operations. Conclusions Ultrasound explorations for inferior epigastric arteries is a brief?accurate and feasible examining management to differential diagnoses between direct and indirect inguinal hernias,which deserves clinic application.

Objective To investigate the effects of rapamycin on the number and function of peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Methods Total mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from peripheral blood by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and then the cells were plated on fibronectin-coated culture dishes. After 7-day culture, adherent cells were treated with rapamycin in a series of final concentrations of 1.0, 2.0, 5.0?g/ml for 6, 12, 24, and 48h. EPCs were identified as adherent cells double positive for DiLDL-uptake and lectin binding by direct fluorescent staining as demonstrated under a laser scanning confocal microscope. EPCs were further documented by demonstrating the expression of VEGFR-2, AC133 and CD34 with flow cytometry. EPCs proliferation and migration were assayed with MTT assay and modified Boyden chamber assay, respectively. EPCs adhesion assay was performed by replating them on fibronectin-coated dishes, and then adherent cells were counted. In vitro vasculogenesis activity was assayed by in vitro vasculogenesis kit. Results Incubation of isolated human MNCs with rapamycin resulted in a decrease in the number of EPCs, and rapamycin also decreased EPCs proliferative, migratory, adhesive and in vitro vasculogenesis capacity in both concentration and time dependent manners. Conclusion Rapamycin decreases the number, proliferative, migratory, adhesive and in vitro vasculogenesis capacity of EPCs.

P. yoelii sporozoites(Sp) in Anopheles stephensi were first isolated with low-speed centrifugation and the Sp suspension was subsequantly purified with the density gradient centrifugation. The recovery rates of Sp by the latter method is about 50-75% of that by the former, but few debris could be found in the Sp suspension and the infectivity of the Sp was not weakened as compared with the Sp obtained by low-speed method. Sp would retain partial infectivity, when its suspension was maintained ia medium 199 at 4℃ for 48 hrs. When rats and mice were infected with these Sp, patho-logical changes of hepatocytes such as cloudy swelling or fatty degeneration, which had been evidenced to be induced by mosquito tissues, would be absent or present in th& slightest degree.