A synchronous observation of pH, PaO_2 and PaCO_2in contrast to their corresponding Hb, HCT and Vb was made in 89 cases of chronic cor pulmonale with respiratory failure.The results showed that the Hb, HCT and Vb of the patients were apparently higher than the normal (P

AIM: To investigate the effects of pioglitazone , a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ( PPARγ) agonist, on the cognitive impairments and inflammatory cytokine production induced by isoflurane in aged mice . METHODS:Male C57BL/6J mice ( 11-month-old, n =136 ) were assigned randomly into 5 groups: control group ( Con) , isoflurane group ( Iso) , 10 mg/kg pioglitazone +isoflurane group ( Pi10+Iso) , 20 mg/kg pioglitazone +isoflu-rane group (Pi20+Iso) and 20 mg/kg pioglitazone alone group (Pi20).The mice in all isoflurane-treated groups were ex-posed to oxygen mixed with 1.4%isoflurane for 2 h.The mice in Con group and in Pi20 group were exposed to oxygen only for 2 h.Pioglitazone was suspended in 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg) was gavaged 2 h prior to the exposure of isoflurane or oxygen alone .The same volume of 1% CMC was gavaged in Con group and in Iso group.Fear conditioning tests were performed to determine the learning and memory abilities 48 h after isoflurane exposure.Fresh cerebral cortice and hippocampi were dissected to measure the protein expression of PPAR γby Western blotting, and the contents of IL-1βand TNF-αwere analyzed by ELISA 6 h after isoflurane exposure .RESULTS: Com-pared with Con group, the response of freezing behavior decreased (P<0.05) and IL-1βcontent in the hippocampus in-creased ( P<0.05) in Iso group.Compared with Iso group , the response of freezing behavior and PPARγprotein expres-sion level had no significant change ( P>0.05) in Pi10+Iso group, but the response of freezing behavior and PPARγpro-tein expression level increased significantly (P<0.05) and IL-1βcontent in the hippocampus decreased (P<0.05) in Pi20+Iso group.IL-1βcontent in the cerebral cortex and TNF-αlevels both in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus showed no significant difference among all groups (P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Pioglitazone attenuates cognitive impair-ments and the elevates the level of IL-1βin the hippocampus induced by isoflurane in aged mice .

Objective To study the effects of musk on the expressions of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the rat model of skull bone defect.Methods We constructed the bone defect model by dental drilling into the full skull of 300 SD rats (150 males and 150 females).The model animals were divided with completely random method into model group and drug group,with 150 in each.The two groups were further divided according to drug administration time into 7,14 and 28 d groups,respectively,with 50 in each.The drug group received perfusion of natural musk every day (4.2 mg/100 g) while the model group received perfusion of normal saline of the same volume every day.FGF-2 mRNA and EGF mRNA expressions in skull bone defect were determined using Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR method.Results EGF mRNA expression at 7 d and 14 d was higher in the drug group than in the model group,but with no significant difference.EGF mRNA expression at 28 d decreased to the lowest level,with a significant difference (P＜0.05).FGF-2 mRNA expression in the drug group reached the highest at 7 d,with a significant difference (P＜0.05),and decreased at 14 and 28 d without significant difference.Conclusion Musk administered at different time points can effectively promote the healing rate of the bone defect area of the rat skull,and the mechanism of this repair is mainly related to the increased FGF-2 mRNA expression and the decreased EGF mRNA expression.

Objective To explore the effects of simvastatin on the protein expressions of urokinase-typeplasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into saline group , LPS group and LPS plus simvastatin group , and were then pretreated with simvastatin (1 mg/kg) for 30 minutes before addition of LPS (8 mg/kg). Changes in left ventricular pressure were recorded. Ninety minutes after LPS injection, whole blood was collected from the inferior vena cava, and neutrophils were separated. The neutrophils were then lysed to detect levels of uPA and PAI-1. Results Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP: mmHg), maximal differential of left ventricular pressure (+dp/dtmax:mmHg/s), and heart rate (beats/min) were markedly decreased at different time points after administration of LPS, and maximal differential of left ventricular pressure increased in the rats receiving LPS as compared with those receiving saline, although the differences between the control and LPS groups were not statistically significant. LPS caused a great decline in uPA content and an elevation in PAI-1 content in neutrophils, but simvastatin diminished the impact of LPS on neutrophils. Conclusion Simvastatin plays a role in protection of cardiac function in rats with LPS-induced septic shock , and controls expressions of uPA and PAI-1 in neutrophils.

BACKGROUND:Both correspondence analysis and two-step cluster analysis are high-grade statistical analysis, the introduction of these analyses into the research on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome type of knee osteoarthritis wil provide objective evidence for the standardization and normalization of TCM syndrome type, through the combination of mathematical statistical principle and TCM syndrome type.
OBJECTIVE:To explore distribution characteristics of knee osteoarthritis TCM syndrome type using correspondence analysis and two-step cluster analysis.
METHODS:The clinical symptoms of 200 patients with knees osteoarthritis were investigated through a knee osteoarthritis symptoms questionnaire. According to the criteria for three kinds of syndrome type issued in Diagnostic Criteria for TCM Syndrome, the characteristics of each syndrome were analyzed using two-step cluster analysis and corresponding analysis. Then knee osteoarthritis TCM syndrome type characteristics were defined.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Cluster analysis is ineffective for the syndrome type, which is not present in the Diagnostic Criteria for TCM Syndrome. Corresponding analysis showed that, in addition to kidney marrow deficiency syndrome (50.5%), yang deficiency and congealing syndrome (13.5%), and blood stasis syndrome (23%), concurrent syndromes were also found, including kidney marrow deficiency combined yang deficiency and congealing syndrome (6.5%), yang deficiency and congealing combined blood stasis syndrome (3%), kidney marrow deficiency combined blood stasis syndrome (3.5%). Therefore we performed corresponding analysis. After analyzing the syndromes at 0.5, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 radius, the most reasonable syndrome was those at 1.1 radius by corresponding analysis. Corresponding analysis is a scientific method for the classification of knee osteoarthritis syndrome.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a kind of stem cells with multi-directional differentiation ability and play an important role in the healing of fractures. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore how to promote the BMSCs migration in vivo, thereby promoting bone defect repair.OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of different concentrations of musk ketone on in vivo migration of exogenous BMSCs, and to preliminarily explore the mechanism of fracture healing and cited theory.METHODS:A rat model of skull defects was made. Passage 3 BMSCs were harvested by using adherence method,labeled with DAPI, and then injected via the tail vein into the model rats. After that, the rats were intragastrically administrated with 0 (blank control), 42 (low dose), 84 (middle dose), 168 μL/kg (high dose) musk ketone, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of exogenous BMSCs in the defect region, and the expression of stem cell factor and Fractalkine showed a significant increase in the low- and middle-dose groups compared with the high-dose and blank control groups. These findings indicate that the low- and middle-dose musk ketone can promote the in vivo migration of exogenous stem cells.

Objective To discuss decision of the safety margin of esophagus in the radical gastrectomy of adenocarcionma of esophagogastric junction.Methods The length of esophageal resection margin of intraoperative,postoperative and pathological large slice under the microscope of 50 cases adenocarcionma of esophagogastric junction underwent radical gastrectomy were measured,and the proximal invasive length of esophagus in large pathological slice were also measured,and the relationship between it and pathological factors was analyzed.Determined the minimum safety cut edge distance.Results In 46 of 50 patients,proximal intramural spread of the tumor was observed.The invasive length of tumor from 0.1 cm to 3.5 cm.The invasive length of tumor was <1.0 cm with 11 patients,1.0-1.5 cm with 19 patients,1.5-3.0 cm with 15 patients,in only 1 patient was the distance of spread 3.5 cm.Invasive length of adenocarcionma of esophagogastric junction had a significant difference between the groups in different pathological factors(P<0.001).Conclusion The length of 3.5 cm is the safety margin of esophagus in the radical gastrectomy of adenocarcionma of esophagogastric junction(SiewertⅡ,Ⅲ type) by abdominal incision.

Objective To study the effect of Qing Yi Tang(QYT) on bacterial and endotoxin translocation from intestine in acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis(AHNP) in rats.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: AHNP group,AHNP +QYT treatment group and sham operation(SO) group.AHNP models were set up in the former two group,while the pancreas was only mobilized in SO group.After setting up the model,QYT was gavaged in the QYT group,while normal saline was gavaged in the SO group and AHNP group.The concentration of endotoxin(ET) and the DNA of E.coli expressoin in portal vein blood in three groups of rats were measured 24h later.Results The concentration of ET and amount of E.coli DNA in portal vein of QYT group were lower than those of AHNP group.Conclusions QYT can reduce significantly the concentration of ET and E.coli DNA in portal vein blood and decrease bacterial and endotoxin translocation from intestine in the AHNP rats.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on damage of hippocampal neurons induced by NMDA.MethodsHippocampal neurons were cultured in vitro and NMDA was used to induce neurotoxicity 8 d after, while PQQ were used or not before. The metamorphosis of hippocampal neurons was observed under the microscope. Intracellular calcium levels was measured by confocal laser microscopy. ResultsThe intracellular Ca2+ level increased rapidly after exposure to 0.1 mmol/L NMDA and resulted in neuronal necrosis and apoptosis. Otherwise, pretreatment of the cultured neurons with PQQ reduced the increase of the intracellular Ca2+ level and the neuronal necrosis or apoptosis induced by NMDA.ConclusionPQQ can protect hippocampal neurons from damage induced by NMDA.

BACKGROUND:In recent years, in-depth studies that single Chinese herbs or extracts, compound traditional Chinese medicine and medicated serum are used to regulate the directional differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels into myofibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, myocardial cels and nerve cels, which have become a highlight in the tissue engineering research. OBJECTIVE:To review the latest progress in the directional differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels induced by Chinese herbs or their extracts. METHODS:The first author searched the CNKI, Wanfang and PubMed databases using the keywords of “Chinese herb, directional differentiation, mesenchymal stem cels” in Chinese and English, respectively, to retrieve relevant articles published from January 2010 to January 2016. Repetitive articles or those with no originality were eliminated. Totaly 99 articles were searched initialy, and then 43 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:As the strongest seed cels in the bone differentiation system, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels have a wide range of directional differentiation potential, and highlight the important value in combination with Chinese herbs for clinical treatment of various refractory diseases, especialy for treatment of metabolic bone diseases, bone defects, nonunion and delayed union, which is not only conducive to in-depth, multi-angle studies on effects and mechanisms of Chinese herbs, but also to clinical treatment of various refractory diseases using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels. Cite this article:Li N, Li YF, Xie XW, Song M, Xu SH, Li DP.Directional differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel induced by traditional Chinese Medicine. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2016;20(1):135-139.