Microflora extensively exist in the environment and are closely related to our health.Intestinal microflora have been concerned greatly,and have a profound effect on regulating the immune environment,metabolism and host physiological function.The purpose of this review was to describe the new progress of intestinal microflora on immune function and disease pathogenesis in recent years.

Objective:To study the effects of the Gekko gecko ethanol extract on granular cells apoptosis of rat ovaries.Methods :3 month and 6 month female Wistar rats were taken in this study, and 20 rats were in each age group.Each age group were randomly divided into two groups(experimental group and control tragastric administration in experimental group, corresponding volume of 0.9% sodium chloride was given in control group by the same way.Apoptosis of granular cells and distribution of cell cycle in rat ovary were measured by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated d-UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and propidi-um iodide(PI) staining, AnnexinV/PI double labelling staining by flow cytometry (FCM) after administration for 15 days.Re8utts:The apoptosis numbers of granular cells in 3 month and 6 month age experimental group were 34 ±7 and 53 ±11, in control group were 48±9 and 76±17 respectively by TUNEL.There was signrficantly statistic difference (P <0.01).The apoptosis rates in 3 month and 6 month age experimental group were(6.06 ±2.01)% and (12.16 ±3.26) % , in the control group were (8.23±2.13) % and (23.69 ±6.28)% respectively by PI staining.There was significantly statistic drfference (P <0.05).However, no significant difference was found between two groups in cellular cycle distribution (P > 0.05).Early apoptosis rates in 3 month and 6 month age experimental group were (6.71±3.11) % and (23.74±6.28) % , in the control group were (19.05 ±5.78) % and (36.55± 8.35) % respectively by AnnexinV/PI double labelling staining FCM.There was significantly statistic difference (P <0.01).The apoptosis of granular cells were sig-nificantly less in experimental groups comparing wrth control groups both in 3 month and 6 month age group (P<0.01 or P<0.05).Conclusions :The ethanol extract of gekko gecko can inhibit the apoptosis of granu-lar cells in rat ovary, then improves the ovary function and delay ageing of rat.

70%(59 male and 22 female,mean age 61?11 years)were enrolled in the study,IVUS was done in 55 cases before and after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)with 24 patients from the SFCT group and 31 patients from the conventional percutaneous coronary angioplasty(POBA).Quantitative coronary angiography(QCA)measurements included minimal lumen diameter(MLD),reference lumen diameter(RLD)and diameter stenosis(DS);IVUS measurements include external elastic membrane area(EEMA),minimal lumen area(MLA),and area stenosis(AS),style of endomembrane tear and dissection.Results All the target lesions were successfully dilated in both groups without serious complications.Mean dilated pressure was lower in the SFCT group than that in the POBA group(871.4 kPa vs 1 013.2 kPa P

Objective To investigate the effect of unfractioned heparin and low molecular weight heparin on expression of plasma hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)during percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods Seventy four patients with unstable angina pectoris were classfied into unfractioned heparin(UFH)group(n=49)and low molecular weight heparin(LMWH)group(n=25)according to the type of heparin used during PCI.The plasma levels of HGF were measured before,during,and after PCI in the patients.Results The plasma levels of HGF before procedure were of no statistical difference between the two groups.The levels of HGF were significantly increased during and after PCI in the unfractioned heparin and the LMWH group.Comparing with the pre-procedure level,the post-procedure level of HGF in the UFH group was 13 565.60?3 768.99 ng/L(vs 1 736.09?603.95 ng/L,P

Objective To evaluate the effect of cutting balloon angioplasty and stent implantation on serum TNF ?, IL 6 and IL 8, and investigate the relationship between the concentrations of serum TNF ?, IL 6 and IL 8 after operation and the incidences of late cardiac events after intervention Methods Eighty patients underwent PTCA with normal balloon or cutting balloon Values of serum TNF ?, IL 6 and IL 8 before and after intervention were measured using enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay Results The concentrations of serum TNF ?, IL 6 and IL 8 were increased significantly in the restenosis group, especially in the POBA group There was no obvious difference in no restenosis group Conclusion The lower restenosis rate in cutting balloon group was related to its lower injury and inflammation of blood vessels The concentrations of serum TNF ?, IL 6 and IL 8 6 hours after intervention may be the predictable sign of restenosis after intervention

This article presents concepts related to Rho/ROCK signal pathway, and its effect on axonal regeneration and the mechanism of its action to provide a theoretical basis for the inhibition of this signal pathway to promote neural regeneration and functional recovery and further for clinical treatment of nerve injuries and other nervous system diseases.

50 as group B.All patients were examined by CAG.Plaque morphology was assessed by IVUS in 14 of group A and 38 of group B before intervention.Plaque external elastic membrane,minimal lumen area,plaque area,plaque burden,lipid pool area,thickness of fibrous cap and rupture were measured by IVUS.Results Heavy smoking,excess drinking and positive family history were more frequent in group A than those in group B,while hypertension and diabetes mellitus were more common in group B.The percentage multi-vessel lesions and collateral circulation were higher in group B.IVUS results showed that vulnerable and ruptured lesions were found in most of two groups.The severity of plaque burden is milder in group A.However,they had a bigger lipid core and a thinner fibrous cap.Group B showed a more severe stenosis and bigger plaque area.Conclusion Plaque vulnerability and rupture are the most common cause substrate of AMI.There are different risk factors and different coronary artery characteristics in AMI with different ages,which suggests that different emphases should be taken in preventing AMI in patients with different ages.

Objective To explore the manifestation and diagnostic value of CT in retinoblastoma. Methods Twentythree cases of retinoblastomas proven by operation and pathologic examination were collected. Their CT images, clinical symptoms and pathologic results were retrospectively analyzed. Results Twentythree patients of retinoblastomas aged from 4 months to 9 years (mean 2.4 years). CT images showed soft tissue mass (shaped as node, crescentshaped or occupied the entire space of the eyeball) was in the globe of all cases. There was calcification in 19 cases (82.6%), including “small pinch” in 12 cases or “patches” in 7 cases. Five cases were found the optic nerve thickened (21.7%), and 1 case of intracranial invasion through the optic nerve canal (1/23), and 6 cases of retina detachment (6/23). The lesion showed mild or moderate enhancement after intravenous contrast medium were performed. Conclusion CT has an advantage on showing the size, shapes, intrastructures and invasive degree of the lesion, and is meaningful to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma.

Objective To study the clinical effect of subtotal parathyroidectomy on secondary hyperparathyroidism(SHPT) in uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis.Methods The data of 10 uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis who received subtotal parathyroidectomy from Jun.2006 to Jun.2011 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH),serum calcium,phosphorus and calcium-phosphorus product were analyzed statistically before operation,1 week,1 month,3 months,and 6 months after the operation.The joint pain relief and postoperative complications were studied.Results ①All of the 10 patients were successfully operated.No complication occurred.The intraoperative site of the parathyroid was consistent with that positioned by the preoperative B ultrasound guidance.②Postoperative bone pain and pruritus were obviously relieved.③iPTH decreased significantly at 1 week,1 month,3 months,6 months after surgery compared with that before surgery.The difference had statistical significance(P ＜ 0.05).④Postoperative serum calcium,serum phosphorus and calcium-phosphorus product decreased significantly at 1 week,1 month,3 months,6 months after surgery compared with that before surgery.The difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Preoperative localization for neck parathyroid by ultrasound scan is feasible.Subtotal parathyroidectomy can be effective in treatment of SHPT in uremic patients.The surgery were safe and with satisfactory treatment outcome.

Principles of making an example include pertinency,type,instructiveness,science,morality,terseness,interesting,lifelikeness and verisimilitude.These may help to achieve satisfactory teaching effect and improve teaching quality.