Objective To evaluate the clinical value of computed tomography (CT) examination in the etiologic diagnosis of small bowel obstruction.Methods From January 2010 to September 2013,a total of 237 patients with small bowel obstruction confirmed by operation were enrolled.The clinical data of all patients were collected.The diagnostic value of color Doppler ultrasound and abdominal CT examination were compared in estimating site of obstruction,etiology of obstruction and strangulation obstruction.Chi square test was performed for count data comparison.Results Among 237 patients with small bowel obstruction,there were 121 patients with data of both color Doppler ultrasound and abdominal CT examination.After operation,it was comfirmed that the accurate diagnosis rates of abdominal CT scan in the site of obstruction,the etiology of obstruction and strangulation obstruction were 75.2 ％ (91/121),66.1％ (80/121) and 87.2％ (41/47),respectively,and which were higher than those of abdominal color ultrasound (44.6％,54/121; 30.6％,37/121 and 42.6％,20/47).The differences were statistically significant (x2 =23.555,30.595 and 20.593,all P＜0.01).Conclusion The accurate diagnosis rates of abdominal CT scan in estimating the site of obstruction,the etiology of obstruction and strangulation obstruction were higher than those of color Doppler ultrasound,especially with obvious advantage in judging the etiology of obstruction.

Objective To evaluate the effect of different tube voltage and noise index (NI)on image quality and radiation dose during peripheral artery CTA with automatic tube current modulation(ATCM)technique.Methods Seventy-two patients were ran-domly divided into three groups with different scanning tube voltage and noise index as follows:group A with 100 kV and NI of 1 5, group B with 80 kV and NI of 1 5,group C with 100 kV and NI of 20.Image quality,segmental vascular enhancement,signal-to-noise ratio (SNR),contrast-to-noise (CNR)and effective dose (ED)were independently evaluated in 3 groups.The methods of sta-tistics analysis were ANOVA,and P <0.05 represented the significant difference.Results There was no significant difference of image quality of the peripheral artery among 3 groups.The CT value,SNR,CNR in group B (80 kV)was the highest,and there were statistical differences between A,B groups and B,C groups of arteries (P <0.05),and there was no satistiacal difference between A group and C group.Compared with group A and group B,the CTDlvol,DLP and ED of group C was reduced 50.45%,51.20%,51.21% and 35.03%,34.91%,34.92%,respectively,and the difference was statistical significance (P < 0.05 ),and there was no significant difference between group A and group B (P >0.05).Conclusion Using ATCM low-kV with high NI scanning can reduce radiation dose without interference on image quality for peripheral artery CTA.

Objective To study the clinical value of 64-slice spiral computed tomography(64SCT) contrast-enhanced scan and three-dimensional reconstructed techniques in the diagnosis of complex congenital heart disease(CCHD). Methods 39 patients with CCHD underwent CT angiography and transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE). Of them, the electrocardiographic-gating technique was used in 8 cases. The accurate rates in diagnosing CCHD with CT, TTE and CT with or without electrocardiographic-gating were analysed compared with that of operation and χ~2 test using SPSS13.0 tool. Results A total of 102 cardiac deformities con-firmed by operations,those included 47 intracardiac deformities,the diagnostic accuracys with CT and TTE were 85.1% and 95.7%, respectively, and there was no obvious difference among them (χ~2=2.68, P>0.05). 55 extracardiac deformities, the definite diagnos-tic rates with CT and TTE were 98.2% and 78.2%, respectively. CT was superior to TTE in the indentification of extracardiac de-formities(χ~2= 14.64 ,P<0.01). There was no obvious difference between with and without electrocardiographic-gating technique during CT scanning in diagnosis of cardiac deformities(χ~2=1.84, P>0.05). Conclusion 64SCT has significant value in diagnosis of CCHD,and there was no obvious difference in diagnosis of cardiac deformities by 64SCT between with and without electrocardio-graphic-gating technic.

Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of monochromatic energy image spectral CT in active small bowel bleeding and to screen the optimal energy level that indicates active bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract.Methods The bleeding model was established using the small intestines of pigs in vitro.Seven blood flow rates were simulated:0.500,0.400,0.300,0.200,0.100,0.050,0.025 ml/min,respectively.For each rate,a GE Discovery HD750 CT scanner was used in GSI scan mode and 64 slice CT was performed,with a delay of 15 s and 40 s simulated the arterial phase and portal venous phase,respectively.Each out of the blood flow rate in the 2 modes was respectively scanned 5 times.The GSI reconstruction platform was employed to obtain 7 monochromatic energy images(40,50,60,70,80,90,100 keV).A set of polychromatic energy images was obtained from an ordinary scan.The detection rates of the contrast agent exudation regions using the two scanning methods were compared.The contrast to noise ratios(CNR) for the contrast agent exudation regions were measured.Randomized block analysis of Variance was performed to compare the differences in CNR between energy levels.The x2 test was used to compare the detection rates obtained from the 2 scanning methods.Results The detection rates for energy spectral CT and 64 slice CT in the arterial phase were 31/35 and 23/35,respectively; there was significant difference(x2=5.185,P=0.023).The total detection rates of portal venous phase were 35/35 and 32/35,respectively,there was no significant difference(x2=l.393,P=0.238).On the ordinary scan mode,the detection rates of arterial and portal venous phase difference was statistically significant(x2 =6.873,P =0.009);but on the GSI scan mode,there was no significant difference(x2=2.386,P=0.122). The CNR values at 8 group energy levels for arterial phase and portal venous phase were statistically different(respectively P＜ 0.05),the CNR value of the contrast agent exudation regions at 50 keV and 60 keV monochromatic energy images on the GSI scan mode higher than that of polychromatic energy images,the difference was statistically significant(respectively P＜0.05),the CNR in portal venous phase images were higher than that of arterial at all energy groups,differences were statistically significant(t=-3.996 to-2.380,respectively P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Monochromatic energy image spectral CT demonstrates superiority over polychromatic energy images in detecting active bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract.The optimal monochromatic energy value for detection was between 50 keV and 60 keV,and the detection was easier in the portal venous phase than in the arterial phase.

Objective To explore the value of gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) in the detection and differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Methods The spectral CT images in 88 patients with thyroid nodules were analyzed retrospectively.All the patients underwent spectral CT scanning,including 33 patients undergoing biphase enhanced CT imaging.Nodules were divided into benign and malignant ones according to histopathologic results.The iodine concentration,slope of spectral curve,effective atomic number in non-enhanced and enhanced scanning were compared between benign and malignant group by the Wilcoxon rank sum test,respectively.The optimal iodine concentration threshold to predict malignancy was obtained by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC),sensitivity and specificity were achieved.Results A total of 106 nodules were detected,including 76 benign and 30 malignant nodules.In non-contrast CT imaging,the average iodine concentration,slope of spectral curve,effective atomic number of were 2.35 × 100 μg/ml,0.29 and 7.71 for benign group:-0.51 × 100 μg/ml,-0.06 and 7.52 for malignant group (Z value were-3.072,-3.107 and-3.055,respectively ; P ＜ 0.05).In the arterial phase,the average iodine concentration,slope of spectral curve,effective atomic number of the two group were 27.22 × 100 μg/ml,3.23 and 9.10 for benign group; 18.81 × 100 μg/ml,2.24 and 8.69 for malignant group (Z value were-2.582,-2.582 and-2.564,respectively; P ＜ 0.05).In venous phase,no significant difference was found for each parameter between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The optimal iodine concentration to predict malignancy was-0.35 × 100 μg/ml in non-enhanced phase with 56.7％ sensitivity and 73.7％ specificity.The optimal iodine concentration was 22.91 × 100 μg/ml in arterial phase,with 76.2％ sensitivity and 75.0％ specificity.Using iodine concentration to predict malignancy in both noncontrast phase and arterial phase,the sensitivity and specificity were 81.2％ and 73.3％,while the accuracy was 81.6％.Conclusion Gemstone spectral CT imaging can quantitatively evaluate the iodine content of thyroid nodules,having a potential value in differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules.

Gastrointestinal duplication cyst is a rare congenital disease which can occur in any part of the digestive tract between the root of tongue and the anus,and it is commonly seen in the ileum.About 45％ of the gastrointestinal duplication cyst occurs in the ileocecus and the epityphlon.Multiple gastric duplication cyst is a rare type of the gastrointestinal duplication cyst,which accounted for 3.8％-5.0％.Gastric duplication cyst mostly occurs in the greater curvature of the stomach,and it connects with the stomach wall.Multiple gastric duplication cysts in the mediastina is rarely seen.In this article,the imaging presentations of 1 patient with multiple gastric duplication cysts inside the mediastina were analyzed.

Objective To evaluate the techniques and application of 64-slice helical CT colonography in colonic lesions. Methods Thirty-eight patients (including 12 colonic carcinomas,10 polypi, 9 colon multiple scrobiculus, 2 multiple diverticula, 2 negative, 1 congenital bowel malrotaion,1 ulcerative colitis and tunica mucosa glandular organ hyperplasy,1 colocolic anastomosis of terminal ileum and sigmoid colon) underwent volume scanning using 64-slice helical CT after cleaning colon. Six types of reconstruction including CT virtual colonoscopy(CTVC), volume rendering(VR), multiple planar reconstruction(MPR), 360?sectional view, RaySum,and navigation were gained.CTVC appearances were compared with that of conventional colonoscopy(CC).Results In 12 colonic carcinomas and 10 polypi,the lesions’ morphology,number,size, were satisfactorily shown by CTVC. The lesions’ location,range,and 1 intestinal canal obviously stenosis were also exactly shown by RaySum.The relationship between tumor and environment, 3 liver or retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis were satisfactorily shown by MPR and 2D transection image. On 360?sectional view,the distance between tumor and anus was exactly measured and the result was in conformity to that of CC. Of the CTVC appearances,1 sigmoid carcinoma and 1 transverse colon polyp was in unconformity to that of CC;1 ulcerative colitis and descending colon carcinoma was diagnosed as ulcerative colitis and tunica mucosa glandular organ hyperplasy by pathology.Conclusion 64-slice helical CT is a valuable imaging technique for detecting colon diseases. CTVC can obtain more clinical information than CC combining MPR,RaySum and VR.

Objective To evaluate the value of serum kaliuretic peptide (KP) in predicting atrial fibrillation (AF) and its prognosis,by detecting serum KP levels in patients with severe sepsis.Methods Fifty-six patients with severe sepsis in Integrated Intensive Care Unit of Shajing Hospital of Shenzhen Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University from January 2014 to August 2015 were collected as the case group.In addition 20 cases health checkup for the same period were collected as the control group.Serum KP were determined in all patients in the case group every day for 1 week after admission,meanwhile the APACHE-Ⅱ score was undertook,then according to heart guardianship and electrocardiogram whether occurrence of AF the case group were divided into AF group and non AF group.According to survival after 28 days again divided into survival group and death group,the relationship of serum KP with AF and the prognosis were analyzed.Serum KP was detected on the day of physical examination in the control group.Results (1) The incidence of AF was 32.1％(18/56) in 56 patients with severe sepsis.(2)Serum KP in admission to hospital in case group was significantly higher than that in the control group((234.2±73.5) pmol/L vs.(169.6±65.4) pmol/L;t =3.47,P =0.001).Serum KP in admission to hospital in AF group was significandy higher than that in the non AF group((306.0±35.6) pmol/L vs.(200.2±61.2) pmol/L;t =6.79,P =0.001).Serum KP in AF group before 1 day of the occurrence AF was significantly higher than of the admission to hospital ((339.2± 30.5) pmol/L vs.(306.0±35.6) pmol/L;P=0.007),serum KP on the day of occurrence AF was significantly higher than before 1 days of the occurrence AF((390.6±47.8) pmol/L vs.(339.2±30.5) pmol/L;P=0.006),there was no difference between the serum KP after 1 days of occurrence AF and on the day of occurrence AF(P=0.246),but began to gradually declining.Serum KP and APACHE-Ⅱ score in death group on admission to hospital were significantly higher than survival group((301.1±42.0) pmol/L vs.(199.8±61.5) pmol/L,(26.1±2.8) points vs.(19.9±4.3) points;t =6.44,5.67;P＜0.001).(3) Linear correlation analysis showed that serum KP on admission to hospital was positively correlated with the occurrence of AF(r=0.679,P=0.010).According to AF grouping,serum levels of KP on admission to hospital draw ROC curve,the serum KP of AUC was 0.908(95％ CI:0.831-0.984),when the KP value was 351.5 pmol/L,the sensitivity of the occurrence AF was 89.9％,specificity of 97.4％.(4)Linear correlation analysis showed that serum KP on admission to hospital was positively correlated with death(r=0.659,P =0.010),according to prognostic grouping,serum KP on admission to hospital and APACHE-Ⅱ score ROC curve was drew,the serum KP of AUC was 0.893 (95％ CI:0.811-0.974),when the KP value was 338.5 pmol/L,the sensitivity of death was 78.9％,specificity of 97.3％.Conclusion Early serum KP level can be used as an indicator to predict AF and prognosis in the patients with severe sepsis.

Objective To compare the prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and-negative populations.Methods Patients with condyloma acuminatum or persons who recently had sexual contact with patients with condyloma acuminatum were enrolled into this study,and classified into HIV-positive group (n =62) and HIV-negative group (n =2 716).GeneChip analysis was performed to detect HPV and determine HPV genotypes in mucocutaneous samples collected from the external genitalia of these subjects.Statistical analysis was carried out by chi-square test using the SPSS software version 19.0.Results The prevalence rates of HPV infection,high-risk HPV types and low-risk HPV types were significantly higher in HIV-positive persons than in HIV-negative persons (74.19％ (46/62) vs.42.30％ (1 149/2 716),67.74％ (42/62) vs.29.57％ (803/2 716),58.06％ (36/62) vs.24.71％ (671/2 716),respectively,all P＜ 0.01).The detection rate of HPV was also increased in HIV-positive men compared with HIV-negative men (92.11％ (35/38) vs.37.38％ (382/1 022),x2 =45.98,P ＜ 0.01).Although the top three genotypes of low-risk HPV were types 6,43 and 11 in both HIV-positive and-negative groups,the prevalence rate of HPV 6 was 37.10％ (23/62) in HIV-positive group,but only 11.12％ (302/2 716) in HIV-negative group.The top five genotypes of high-risk HPV were types 16 (22.58％,14/62),52,66,58 and 18 in HIV-positive group,and types 16 (7.77％,211/2716),58,56,66 and 52 in HIV-negative group.Coinfections with multiple HPV subtypes were common in both groups,and the number of concurrent HPV genotypes was as high as 8 in HIV-positive group,and 9 in HIV-negative group.The prevalence rate of coinfections with three or more HPV genotypes in HIV-positive group was significantly higher than that in HIV-negative group (65.21％ (30/46) vs.16.71％ (192/1 149)).Conclusions Compared with HIV-negative populations,HIV-positive populations show elevated prevalence of HPV infection,high-risk HPV genotypes and low-risk HPV genotypes.Moreover,the prevalence of HPV is higher in HIV-positive men than in HIV-negative men.These findings are worthy of further attention in clinic.

Objective To evaluate the value of multi-slice CT enterography(MSCTE),capsule endoscopy(CE) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) findings score in the assessment of Crohn disease activity,prospectively.Methods One hundred and eight patients were diagnosed with CD by endoscopy combined with clinical or pathological results,and all of the patients' Crohn disease activity index(CDAI) were greater than or equal to 150.MSCTE were performed in all the patients.At the same time,48 and 60 patients of them were voluntary to accept CEUS and CE examination,respectively.The imaging score of the three different techniques was calculated.Patients' CDAI were calculated combined with the C-reactive protein(CRP) content and clinical feature.To analyze the correlation among the imaging score patients' CDAI,and CRP content,respectively using the Pearson method.Results The mean score of MSCTE,CEUS and CE were(7.6±2.7),(11.5 ±4.3) and(12.8±8.2),respectively.The patients' mean CDAI and CRP content were(296.1±93.5) and(23.7±5.2) mg/L,respectively.It was high correlation between MSCTE score and CDAI (r=0.916,P＜0.01),but it was moderate between CEUS(r=0.752,P＜0.01),CE(r=0.707,P＜0.01) score and CDAI.There was no evident correlation between MSCTE(r=0.167,P＞0.05),CEUS(r=0.200,P＞0.05) score and CRP content excepting the CE result(r=0.467,P＜0.01).Conclusions There was a good correlation between the MSCTE score and CDAI.We could use MSCTE findings score to assess the activity of CD patients prospectively.