Objective To investigate the association between extraesophageal syndromes of RE and acid reflux.Methods We investigated RE patients in Beijing hospital in the same time period.These patients were diagnosed with reflux esophagitis on endoscopy.In extraesophageal reflux disorders group(32 patients)and the control group(35 patients),extraesophageal reflux disorders symptoms and the control symptoms were evaluated by questionnaire.All patients underwent 24 h esophageal pH monitoring and symptom score evaluation.All patients were treated with esomeprazole.Results The symptoms score in patients whose pH monitoring was positive were significantly decreased after treatments.In extraesophageal reflux disorders group,the effective rate was 86.4%.In control group,the effective rate was 91.7%.Conclusion Extraesophageal syndromes of RE are significantly associated with acid reflux.

Glutamine is not only a special nutritional substance but a conditional essential amino acid,which is the most abundant amino acids in plasma,representing about 60％ of free amino acids in the body,and it's normal plasma concentration is from 0.6 to 0.9 mmol/L.In recent years,with the increasing deepening study of the field of clinical nutrition,the concept of glutamine study has been gradually changed gradually changed it's concept from a simple nutritional support to immune nutrition therapy.Glutamine can not only improve the body's protein levels of nutrition,protect the gastrointestinal mucosa,but also reduce the incidence of infection and the inflammation in the body,improve immune function,reduce side effects of chemotherapy,and at the same time enhance tumor sensitivity to chemotherapy and promote gastrointestinal cancer patients' postoperative recovery,reduce surgical complications.This paper aims to review the application and research of glutamine in the gastrointestinal cancer patients after the operation.

Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is one of the most prevalent endocrine malignancies worldwide. Patients with TC have high overall survival, but TC experienced the largest increase in incidence. Therefore, it is necessary to get further understanding of the mechanism involved in the development and progression of TC. The concept of the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) further illuminates the mechanism of tumorigenesis. Current studies indicate that psedugenic RNA, lncRNA, circRNA and mRNA, all of which may take part in the construction of ceRNETs as ceRNAs. These ceRNAs harbour the same miRNA response element (MRE) as mRNAs. Thus, ceRNAs can also competitively inhibit mRNA binding to the miRNAs, which results in affecting mRNA expression to exerts a pro-oncogenic or tumor-suppressive influence in tumor. Recently, a large number of studies have shown that ceRNA molecules play an important role in the malignant behavior of thyroid cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize these studies. The purpose of this paper is to classify these ceRNA molecules in thyroid cancer and to elaborate the functions of these molecules in thyroid cancer.

Objective To study the role of saccharomyces cerevisiae DRE2 in endoplasmic reticulum response induced by tunica‐mycin .Methods The der2 ::URA3 gene deletion cassette was amplified from the wild type genomic DNA by PCR ;DRE2 deficiency heterozygote strain was made by gene recombination .The heterozygote strain resistant ability to tunicamycin and the replicative li‐fespan were analyzed in this study .Results DRE2 deficiency strain was resistant to tunicamycin ,but the replicative lifespan was decreased compared to wild type strain (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion DRE2 may be involved in the yeast endoplasmic reticulum response and replicative lifespan regulation .

To observe the changes of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), factors related to T helper 1/T helper 2 (Th1/Th2), in airway inflammation in an asthmatic model of mice and the effects of Pingchuan Formula (PCF), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine.

Background Anti-scarring is a focus following glaucoma filtering surgery.It has been verified that expression of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) is always correlated with that of various types of collagens and closely related with the collagen-related diseases including fibrosis in various organs.However,the relationship between the expression of HSP47 and fibrosis of filtering bleb is unclear.Ohjective Present study was to investigate the dynamic expression of HSP47 in subconjunctival filtering bleb after anti-glaucomatous filtering surgery.Methods Filtering surgery was performed on the right eyes of 10 SPF male Spargue-Dawley(SD) rats.Then the operative eyes were randomized into the postoperative 7-day group and 14-day group according to the randomized number table,and the left eyes of the rats served as the normal control group.The shape of filtering blebs and the ocular anterior segment response were examined under microscope daily.The animals were sacrificed by excessive anesthesia on day 7 and 14 after operation,respectively,and the specimens were prepared of the eyes.Regular histopathological examination was performed to observe the collagen fibrosis change,and immunohistochemistry was carried out to assay the dynamic expression of HSP47 depended on the fibrosis.Percentage of positive cells for HSP47 were calculated.The use and care of the experimental animals complied with the Regulation for the Administration of Affair Concerning the Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Committee.Results Diffuse subconjunctival blebs were seen postoperatively in t0 eyes after surgery with mild inflammatory response in ocular anterior segment.Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that compared with the specimens of the normal control group,fibroblasts obviously proliferated and collagenous fibers increased in the specimens of operative group.The HSP47 protein was less expressed in cytoplasm of many fibroblasts and less vascular endothelial cells in the normal rat specimens.The expressing intensity of HSP47 protein was enhanced.However,the expression intensity was weaker in the postoperative 14-day group in comparison with the 7-day group.The percentage of positive cells for HSP47 in the filtering blebs 7 days after operation was (56.40±1.12)％,that in the normal control group was (13.70±0.74)％,with a significant difference between them (P=0.000).In the postoperative 14-day group,the percentage of positive cells for HSP47 reduced from (56.40± 1.12) ％ to (23.90±0.76) ％ (P =0.000),but it was still higher than that of the normal control group (P =0.000).Conclusions Expression intensity of HSP47 alters as the activity of fibroblasts in filtering bleb,suggesting that HSP47 plays a role in collagen-fibrosis following filtering surgery in SD rats.

Background:The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic is a typical global health concern.The impact of HIV/AIDS is global,and we cannot effectively solve the problem without a global effort.In this study,we report our research on global HIV/AIDS control with an innovative fourdimensional approach.Methods:Countries (n=148) with data available on area size,total population,and the total number of persons living with HIV (PLWH) were included.The HIV epidemic across the globe was described using 4 indicators,including the total count,population-based P rate,geographic area-based G rate,and population and geographic area-based PG rate.Results:A total of 35,426,911 PLWH were included,with a global prevalence rate of 0.51 per 1,000 population.The total PLWH count provided data on resource allocation in individual countries to improve HIV/AIDS care;and the top five countries with the highest PLWH counts were South Africa (7,000),Nigeria (3,500),India (2,100),Kenya (1,500),and Mozambique (1,500).The other three indicators provide a measure to assess the global risk profile of HIV transmission and to provide information on HIV/AIDS prevention strategies.The top five countries with the highest P rates (per 1,000 persons) were Swaziland (170.9),Botswana (154.7),Lesotho (145.2),South Africa (127.4),and Zimbabwe (89.7);the top five countries with the highest G rates (per 100 km2) were Swaziland (1,279.1),Malawi (1,039.5),Lesotho (1,021.1),Rwanda (810.7),and Uganda (748.1);and the top five countries with highest PG rates (per 1,000,000 persons per 100 km2) were Barbados (2,127.9),Swaziland (993.8),Lesotho (478.3),Malta (375.0),and Mauritius (319.7).With PG rate,we detected countries in two hotspots (south and middle Africa and the Caribbean region) and one belt across the Euro-Asian region with high risks of HIV transmission.Conclusions:This study expanded the conventional measures by adding two new indicators,thus forming a new four-dimensional framework to quantify the global HIV epidemic.In addition to gaining a better insight into the epidemic than before,study findings provide new data on country-level and global efforts to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030.

Objective:To investigate the syndromes distribution in patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding(DUB) related to kidney deficiency, and to provide the basis for standardizing the DUB syndrome differentiation of kidney deficiency. Methods: DUB Patients with kidney deficiency were chosen and accepted epidemical survey through the questionnaire, then the frequency and constituent ratio of each syndrome were calculated. Results: In 612 cases of DUB patients with kidney deficiency, there were 102 patients with simple syndromes covered 16.67%, and 510 patients with compound syndromes covered 83.33%. In patients with simple syndromes, the common syndromes were kidney-yin deficiency(45,44.12%) and kidney-qi deficiency(45,41.18%). And the syndromes of kidney-qi deficiency and kidney-yin deficiency were often respctively complicated with liver stagnation(68,11.09%; 113,18.43%), blood defi ciency(57,9.30%; 99,16.15%) and blood stasis(57,9.30%; 99,16.15%), the syndrome of kidney-yang deficiency usually complicated with spleen-qi deficiency(75,12.23%). The syndrome of kidney-qi deficiency(186,57.23%) was commonly-seen in the patients with ovular DUB, while the syndromes of kidney-qi(146,50.69%) and kidney-yin deficiency(111,38.54%) were frequently-seen in the patients with anovular DUB. Conclusion: In clinic, the compound syndromes were commonly seen in patients with DUB due to kidney deficiency, the complicated syndromes of kidney deficiency were liver stagnation, spleen-qi deficiency, blood deficiency and blood stasis..

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) on high-glucose mediated permeability,proliferation and migration in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs).Methods HRMECs were divided into 4 groups:normal group (5 mmol · L-1 glucose),high glucose group (25 mmol · L-1 glucose),NC (Negative control for siRNA) + high glucose group and siADAM17 (ADAM17 siRNA) + high glucose group.The expression of ADAM17 was detected using real time PCR and Western blot.Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) was used to detect the permeability of HRMECs.Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8)and BrdU were used to evaluate cell proliferation.Cell migration was determined using Transwell assay.In addition,the expression of p-EGFR,p-ERK and MMP9 was assayed using Western blot.Results Compared with normal group,the mRNA and protein levels of ADAM17 were increased in high glucose group (P ＜ 0.01).ADAM17 expression of siADAM17 + high glucose group was markedly reduced compared with NC + high glucose group.High glucose increased the permeability of HRP comparison to normal group,whereas in siADAM17 + high glucose group the permeability of HRP was reduced compared with NC + high glucose group.The optical density of HRMECs was decreased in siADAM17 + high glucose group 1.53 ± 0.29 in comparison with NC + high glucose group 2.43 ± 0.25,as well as the content of BrdU-incorporation(P ＜ 0.05).The number of migrated cells in high glucose group,NC + high glucose group,siADAM17 + high glucose group and normal group were 157.00 ± 7.93,169.00 ± 10.12,121.00 ± 9.28,110.00 ±8.25,respectively.Moreover,the expression of p-EGFR,p-ERK and MMP9 in siADAM17 +high glucose group was decreased compared with NC + high glucose group (all P ＜0.01).Conclusion SiADAM17 can reduce the cell permeability,suppressed and migration induced by high glucose via EGFR/ERK/MMP9 signaling pathway.

Objective To study the relationship between status of methylation of tumor suppressor candidate 1 gene(TUSC1) promoter and expression of its protein in adolescent papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC). Methods Forty cases of adolescent PTC were chosen and the corresponding para carcinoma tissues were taken from July 2010 to Decem-ber 2013 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University surgical specimens of the thyroid gland and were con-firmed by pathology. Male 12 cases,female 28 cases,median age 14 (10-18) years old. Tumor node metastasis (TNM) stageⅠ-Ⅱ13 cases,Ⅲ-Ⅳstage 27 cases;gradeⅠin 15 cases,gradeⅡin 25 cases;lymph node metastasis in 22 cases,18 cases were negative. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and Western blot were applied respectively to examine the methyaltion of TUSC1 gene promoter and its protein expression of 40 samples of adolescent PTC and their matched adjacent non-cancerous epithelium. Results The results of MSP revealed that there was no methylation of TUSC1 gene promoter in adjacent non-cancerous epithelium,while in the adolescent PTC,the hyper-methylation rate was 60%(24/60 cases,χ2=34. 28,P<0. 05). In additional,it was related to the TNM stage,pathological grade and lymph node metastasis (χ2=4. 862,7. 111,5. 625,all P<0. 05). The result of Western blot revealed that the positive expression rate of TUSC1 protein was 100% in adjacent non-cancerous epithelium and 30%(12/40 cases) in adolescent PTC (χ2=14. 118,P<0. 05),which was related to the TNM stage,pathological grade and lymph node metastasis (χ2=5. 215,6. 222, 5. 079,all P<0. 05). There was distinct correlation between methylation of TUSC1 gene promoter and the protein expres-sion (r=-0. 84,P<0. 05). Conclusions Methylation of promoter might be one of the important mechanisms of inactiva-tion of TUSC1 gene,and might play an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of adolescent PTC.