Chemotherapy is one of the main treatment methods in malignant tumor.Tumor multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the important reasons for the failure of chemotherapy.It makes some progress in reversing tumor MDR,such as chemical drug,traditional Chinese medicine,immunotherapy,gene therapy,nanoparticles drug system and so on.But it takes more effort to develop medicine of less adverse reactions,better pharmacodynamic and application to clinic widely.

‘Pathemas in meridians and collaterals’, a new word in stroke, is put forward by CHENG Men-xue. He emphasizes that pathemas in meridians and collaterals plays an important part in syndrome differentiation of stroke. Attention should be paied to meridians and collaterals when we treat stoke. Drugs with function of dispelling wind and removing obstruction in the meridians should be used in the whole process of the stroke.

Five-zang is the nucleus of viscera state doctrine. The nonequilibrium of Five-zang's different properties guides syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM. This article discusses five-zang's nonequilibrium from lung being a delicate viscus,correlation between lung and five-zang,physiology and pathology of lung and so on. It attaches the importance to five-zang's nonequilibrium and clinical level of syndrome differentiation.

Objective To study the complications of translaminar microendoscopic discectomy and their prevention and management. Methods The complications of translaminar microendoscopic discectomy performed on 487 cases of lumbar disc herniations were retrospectively analyzed. Results Most of the complications were seen in the first 50 cases, which included intraoperative CSF leak (8 cases, 1.64% ), cauda equina damage (1 case,0.21%) nerve root damage (1 case,0.21%) and inflammation of intervertebral disc (1 case,0.21%). Three patients (0.62%) converted into standard open lumbar disc surgery because epidural bleeding was difficult to control under endoscope. Conclusions There is a direct correlation between the compliations and the clinical experience in this technique. The complications of translaminar microendoscopic discectomy at the early stage are significantly higher than those of open techniques, but they are rarely seen at the later stage.

Objective To study the clinical application of posterior approach microendoscopy in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods One hundred and forty-two cases of degenerate lumbar spinal stenosis were treated by posterior approach limited decompression, total or semi laminectomy and decompression, or fenestration decompression from February 2000 to December 2001. Results Out of the 142 cases, posterior approach microendoscopic limited decompression was completed in 87 cases with full decompression obtained.Follow-up for a mean of 18 months in 82 cases revealed a rate of excellent-and-good of 92.7% (58 cases, excellent; 18 cases, good).No complications occurred. Conclusions Degenerate lumbar spinal stenosis, resulted from simple lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, hypertrophy of ligamentum flavumcan, and facet hypertrophy, can be effectively treated by posterior approach microendoscopic limited decompression. Proper selection of patients, full decompression and experienced operative skills are the key to satisfactory surgical results.

Objective To investigate the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1(VCAM-1) on the surface of human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated by Candida albicans.Methods HUVECs were isolated from the umbilical vein of placenta of healthy parturients and cultured.The primary culture of HUVECs was stimulated with Candida albicans at different intervals.Expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA were measured by reverse transcription-PCR,and the levels of secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA expression in HUVECs began to increase after stimulation with C.albicans in 4 h and reached peak level in 8 h.Secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 by HUVECs began to increase after stimulation by C.albicans in 4 h and reached peak level in 24 h.Conclusion C.albicans could induce expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA in HUVECs,and enhance secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 by HUVECs.

ObjectiveTostudytheroleoffunctionalsubetsofCD4+Tlymphocytesinsyphilis.Methods40casesofsyphilis(20casesofprimaryandsecondarysyphiliseach)enteredinthisstudy,and15normalindividualsascontrols.Theperipheralbloodmononuclearcells(PBMCs)ofpatientswithsyphilisandnormalcontrolswereculturedinvitrowithphytohemagglutinin(PHA)for48hours,andtheTh2cytokineIL-4、Th1cytokineinterferon-?(IFN-?)inthesupermatantweremeasured,thechangesofIL-4,IFN-?ineachstageofsyphiliswereobserved.ResultsTheresultsshowedthattheproductionofIL-4insyphilispatientswasmarkedlyhigherthanthatinnormalcontrols,(P

Objective To investigate the role of HLA class II antigen of human monocytes in pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infection. Methods Human monocytes were infected by HSV-2 (333 Strain). The cultured cells were collected at the first, third, 5th, and 7th days of post-infection. The expression of HLA class II antigen of the infected monocytes was measured by alkaline phosphotase anti-alkaline phosphotase method (APAAP). Results The expression of HLA class II antigen on the monocytes significantly decreased at the first day of post-infection,and then gradually increased and reached to the normal control level at the 7th day of post-infection. Conclusion HLA class Ⅱ antigen expression of monocytes was inhibited by HSV-2 infection at early stage, which may be one of means of virus escaping host immunity. The expression of HLA class Ⅱ antigen may play an important role in HSV-2 pathogenicity and immunity.

Objective To investigate the expression of CD40/CD40L on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients with recurrent genital herpes (RGH). Methods Flow cytometric analysis was employed to identify the expression of CD40 and CD40L on PBMC and the T lymphocyte subgroups in the peripheral blood of 30 patients with RGH and 20 healthy controls. Results Percentage of the cells with either CD40 or CD40L expression in the patients with RGH was significantly lower than that in the controls (P = 0.0061 and 0.041, respectively). The RGH group had a significantly lower percentages of CD3+ T cells (P=0.025) and CD4+ T cells (P = 0.032) as compared to the controls. Conclusion Reduced costimulatory interaction of CD40 and CD40L in RGH patients may be one of the important factors for the recurrence.

Objective To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the host defense against systemic candidiasis in murine model.Methods Two groups of mice,a study group (C3H/HeJ mice with mutant TLR4 gene) and a control group (C3H/HeN mice with normal TLR4 gene) were set up in cyclophosphamide-induced immuno-suppressed murine model with systemic candidiasis.Colony forming units (CFUs) of C.albicans were determined in infected kidneys and spleens with plating dilution method.Histopathological changes of infected kidneys were measured.In addition,levels of tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) in kidneys were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results CFUs of C.albicans were significantly higher in kidneys in the 1st day and 6th day after infection in the study group than those in the control group.Meanwhile,CFUs of C.albicans were significantly higher in spleens in the 1st day after infection in the study group than those in the control group.The scores of severity of infection,showed by histopathology,were significantly higher in kidneys in the 1st day and 6th day after infection in the study group than those in the control group(P