Objective This study was to evaluate the effects of growth hormone (GH) on cell apoptosis of intestinal epithelium in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) rats.Methods Seventy-two SD rats were divided into three groups randomly: sham operation (SO) group, ANP group, and GH treatment group. GH-treatment group received subcutaneously 0 75?U/kg of GH. At 3?h, 6?h, 12?h, and 24 ?h after induction of ANP, the small intestinal specimens were harvested and apoptosis of intestinal epithelium was studied by DNA gel electrophoresis, FCM and TUNEL method. FasL and Bax protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe ladder pattern on DNA gel electrophoresis presented in all time points of ANP group, but only seen in GH-treated group at 3h. Apoptotic percentage significantly increased in ANP group [(50?11)%,(80?9)%,(48?17)%,(50?10)%] as compared with SO group [(54?4)%, (28?6)%, (39?5)%,(29?11)%], all P

Objective To investigate the deleterious effects of enterogenous endotoxemia on the course of acute pancreatitis in mice, and its possible mechanisms. Methods Sixty five C57BL/6 mice were assigned to 4 groups randomly, including acute edematous pancreatitis (AEP), lipopolysacchride (LPS), AEP plus LPS and normal control. AEP was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cerulein with a dosage of 50 ?g/kg at hourly interval for seven times under ether anesthesia. LPS was administrated via a gastric tube with a dosage of 5 mg/kg at 6 h after the first cerulein or saline injection. Serum amylase and LDH activities were measured at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 5 d. Pathological alteration in pancreas was studied. Expressions of Mac 1 (CD11b/CD18), P selectin, E selectin and ICAM 1 were evaluated by using inmmunohistochemical procedures. Expressions of cytokine genes were determined by means of RT PCR and Southern blot. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in pancreas was also analyzed. Results Cerulein induced a typical changes of AEP in mice, which was confirmed by pathological changes and hyperamylasemia. LPS alone didn't develop either morphological changes or biochemical alterations. However, cerulein induced AEP challenged by LPS could cause marked parenchymal necrosis and hemorrhage with significant increment of serum amylase and LDH activities. Expressions of Mac 1, P selectin, E selectin and ICAM 1 in pancreas were enhanced. Cytokine genes including TNF?,IL 1?,IL 6 and IFN? mRNA were also upregulated. MPO activity was increased. Conclusion This study suggested that enterogenous endotoxemia, which could not induce pancreatic injury per se , could induce AEP into ANP in mice. Over stimulation of neutrophils and releasing of pro inflammatory mediators might be the contributing factors.

Objective To investigate whether apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells occurs at the early stage of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) in rats. Methods Fourty eight Spraque Dawley rats were used. ANP model of rats was induced by retro injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into biliopancreatic duct. Laparotomized animals without induction of ANP (sham operation) served as controls. The distal segment of ileum specimens were harvested at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after operation and the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells was studied by DNA gel electrophoresis, FITC conjugated annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining cells analyzed by Flow Cytometry (FCM) and immunohistochemical procedures (TUNEL method). Results The DNA electrophoresis showed that typical “ladder” patterns appeared at all indicated time points in ANP group, while the DNA specimens from control group presented a single chromosomal lane, except the one at 12 h. Apoptotic percentage of detached intestinal epithelial cells assayed using Annexin V kit by FCM were (53.7?3.7)%, (27.6?6.0)%, (39.0?4.8)%, (29.0?11.3)% at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h in control group and (50.3?11.3)%, (79.7?9.2)%, (47.8?17.3)%, (49.6?9.5)% in ANP group. There was a significant difference between two groups at 6 h, P

Objective Some experimental results indicated that cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) was involved in the regulatory process of balance between cell apoptosis and multiplication. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of COX 2 on the course of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell apoptosis and its possible signal pathway. Methods Apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells (PC 3, highly expressed COX 2) induced by selective COX 2 inhibitor, Celebrex (IC 50 , 100 ?mol), was detected by using DNA gel electrophoresis, flow cytometry and electron microscopy. Expressions of apoptotic related genes mRNA, including bcl xl, bax, Survivin, were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). Results Substantial apoptosis was induced by the treating PC 3 cells with Celebrex, as revealed by typical ladder pattern of DNA fragments under DNA electrophoresis, increment of apoptotic apportion, and apoptotic body under electron microscopy. Apoptotic inhibitory genes, bcl xl, bax, Survivin, were expressed in PC 3 cells, and were down regulated significantly by Celebrex in bcl xl and Survivin but not for bax. Conclusion Above findings suggest that the COX 2 pathway contributes to the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell, which may be via signal transduction of bcl xl and Survivin genes.

Objective To investigate the influence of Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)/Hepatic lipase (HL) on hyperlipidemie acute necrotizing pancreatitis (HLANP) in rats. Methods The rats were fed with hyperlipidemic feed for 4 weeks, then the rats were injected with 5% sodium taurocholate into pancreatic duct to induce HLANP model. Seventy-two rats were randomly assigned to HLANP and control groups, and then each group was subdivided into 6 subgroups (n = 6) at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Serum amylase, cholesterol, triglyeride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA) levels and serum LPL, HI. activities were determined. Under the light-microscopy and electron microscopy, the histopathologic and uhrastructure changes of pancreas were observed; the HL mRNA expressions were detected by RT-PCR; HL protein expressions HL were assessed by immunohistoehemical staining. Results The serum amylase levels reached peak values at 12 h after ANP induction in the two groups, the mean values were 7 176U/L and 6 366U/L, which were significantly higher than those of baseline values (P <0.05) ; serum levels of cholesterol in HLANP group at 0 ～ 12 h were higher than those of control group, however, only at 0 h the difference (1.19±0.49 vs 0. 32±0.14 mmol/L) was significant (P < 0.05) ; serum levels of FFA in HLANP group were not significantly different when compared with those of control group; serum levels of LPL and HL at 3 h were (17.5±7) U/L and (18.6±3.9) U/L, which were significantly higher than those of control group (8.9±3.4 U/L and 9.5±2. 1 U/L, P < 0.05). The pancreatic tissues necrosis levels were significantly increased in HLANP groups (3, 6, 24 and 48 h) than those of control group at corresponding time points (P < 0.05). lipid droplet deposition, rough endoplasmic reticulum distension, zymogen granule reduction, and chondriosome swelling in acinar cells of pancreatic tissues in HLANP group were found. The HI, mRNA expressions at 3 h and 6 h in HLANP group were 1.1±0.09 and 0.89±0.08, which were significantly higher than those in control group (0. 11 ± 0.01 and 0.15±0. 03, P <0.05). HL proteins were positively expressed in pancreatic tissues of two groups before ANP was induced, and HL proteins were strongly positively expressed after ANP induction. Conclusions Lipase (LPL/HL) expression increased in HLANP rats, and the content of serum protein increased, which resulted in lipids decomposition and increased the severity of ANP. LPL/HL may be one of the key lipids metabolic enzymes aggravating HLANP.

The etiology and pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease(CD)are not fully clear,and genetic susceptibility, immunologic disorder,intestinal barrier dysfunction and intestinal microecology are considered to be involved in the pathogenic mechanism of CD. In recent years,the relationship between intestinal microecology and CD has received much attention. Several studies confirmed that the intestinal microecology in CD patients was different from that in normal person. The change of intestinal microecology was correlated with the occurrence of CD,and modulation of intestinal flora was effective in the treatment of CD. This article reviewed the relationship between intestinal microecology and CD and the therapeutic prospect of intestinal microecology for the treatment of CD.

Hospital TQM system is designed to fit China′s specifics,based on the Total Quality Management (TQM)theory and integrating the system theory concepts, comprising two structural modules of perceived quality and non-perceived quality.The former is a trinity framework made up of patient satisfaction,employee commitment and social reputation,while the latter is a management system featuring“Six pillars and six columns”,constituting a three-dimensional management for integrated operation and integration of the hospital.

AIM To investigate the effects and possible mechanism s of Glycyrrhizin on rat pancreatic fibrosis induced by TNBS (trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, TNBS ). METHODS Chronic pancreatitis model was induced in male Sprague -Dawley rats by injection of 2% TNBS into bile duct. All the rats were randomly divided into two groups. The rats in Glycyrrhizin intervention group were treat ed with Glycyrrhizin 8 mg?kg -1 by injection into tail vein from day 3 to day 28, while the rats in control group were administrated with same volume of saline vehicle. Ten rats in the Glycyrrhizin intervention group and eight rats in the control group wer e sacrificed on day 29, the blood was collected to determine amylase and hyaluro nic acid by enzyme dynamic and RIA method. The histological change of pancreatic tissue was evaluated by H&E stain and modified Van-Gieson stain. Mast cell in pancreas was stained by thionine blue. Expression of TGF-? 1,Collagen Ⅰ and ?-SMA in pancreas were assessed by immunohistochemistry and western blot. RESULTS In the Glycyrrhizin intervention group, the mast cell number and the percentage of degranulation decreased significantly, and the expression of ?-SMA protein also decreased compared to the control group, but there was no difference in amylase or hyaluronic acid between the treatment group and the control group. In the Glycyrrhizin intervention group, inflammation and fibrosis were ameliorated and expression of collageⅠ and TGF-? 1 was also decreased significantly compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Glycyrrhizin inhibits pancreatic fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis rats induced by TNBS. This action might be related to protecting pancreatic acinus cells from being destructed by mast cell activation and inhibiting extracellular matrix synthesis stimulated by pancreatic stellate cell.

The effects of tetramethylpy-razine (TMP) on pancreatic blood flow and survival rate were studied in sodium tarocholate-in-duced acute pancreatitis (AP) in rats. The results showed that pancreatic relative blood flow and pancreatic tissue perfusion were significantly increased and the pathologic changes and survival rate were improved in TMP treated group-s. Plasma value of TXB2?6-Keto-PGF1? and platelet aggregation rate (PAR) were also mea-sured. We found that TMP could maintain the balance between TXA2 and PGI2 and lower the elevated PAR. It was suggested that TMP has therapeutic effect on AP in rats through improving pancreatic microcirculation; which was related to the maintanance of the balance between PGI2 and TXA2.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-?B) by N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC) on donor rat lung. Methods 24 SD rats were randomly divided into two groups, the control group and the experiment group. The harvested lung blocks were flushed with and stored in the low-potassium-dextran (LPD) solution in control group, but in the experiment group, LPD solution containing NAC was used. The lungs were preserved at 4℃ for 16 hours in both groups. Isolated rat lung reperfusion models were established and the donor lungs were perfused for 1 hour. PaO_2 and PAwP were measured at every 15 min intervals during reperfusion. After reperfusion, the lung tissue wet-to-dry (W/D) ratio and myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity were obtained. The protein and mRNA expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-?B) were also observed by using immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative RT-PCR at the end of reperfusion. Results After reperfusion for 60 minutes, in experiment group, PaO_2 drop in and increase PAwP lower than in control group (P